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Yenisseian etymology :

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Proto-Yenisseian: *d[ɨ]k-
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: to stand
Ket: dikkǝn, dīkken (Доннер)
Yug: dɨgej6 'standing, on one's feet'
Kottish: d́atekŋ, *d́ätekŋ, praet. alatekŋ, imp. altek; Ass. játɨken (М., Сл., Кл.) "I stand", jatɨ́xu (М., Сл.) "you stand"; jatɨ́kendon (М., Сл.) "he stands, we stand, you (pl.) stand", jatɨken "they stand"
Arin: at́aŋ (Кл.) "I stand"; (М., Сл.) ät́aŋ "I stand", ät́aŋtaŋ "we stand, they stand"
Comments: ССЕ 221. Werner (2, 257, 1, 217) for some reason separates the obviously connected Yug and Kottish forms; one cannot agree with the comparison of Kott. -tek- and Ket -dɔq- 'stand (on water, without motion)' and the resulting reconstruction <*dǝq> - because Ket -dɔq- has a perfect match in Kott. -čakŋ-, see *ǯɔq(ŋ).
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-kot,yenet-ari,yenet-notes,

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Sino-Caucasian etymology :

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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ṭVgV̆́
Meaning: to stand, straight
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
North Caucasian: ? WC *gǝ
Sino-Tibetan: *t(r)ǝ̆k (~ dh-)
Yenisseian: *d[ɨ]k-
Comments and references : Differently in HGC 22.
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-notes,

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North Caucasian etymology :

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Proto-North Caucasian: WC *gǝ
Meaning: to stand
Proto-West Caucasian: *gǝ
Notes: Cf. perhaps PY *dVk- (~-g-) 'to stand'.
caucet-meaning,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,

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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

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Proto-West-Caucasian: *gǝ
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: 1 to stand 2 to stand up 3 upon smth. (preverb)
Abkhaz: a-gǝ́-la-ra 1
Abaza: gǝ-la-za-ra 1
Adyghe: ta-ǯ́ǝ-n 2
Kabardian: ta-ǯǝ-n 2
Ubykh: ǵǝ-
Comments: PAT *gǝ-la- (*-la- is a locative verbal root indicating direction of action). PAK *ta-ǵǝ- (the meaning of the first component is not quite clear - see Шагиров 2, 69 on its possible etymology).

    In Ub. the preverb ǵǝ- is used to indicate that the action is taking place on surface of smth. (ǵǝ-s- 'sit upon smth.', ǵǝ-tʷ- 'be upon smth.' etc.). There are reasons to think that the root *gǝ had had this function already in PWC (cf. the common WC compound *gA-LA- 'to fall (from above, from the surface) q.v.).

abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-abk,abadet-aba,abadet-adg,abadet-kab,abadet-ubk,abadet-comment,

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Sino-Tibetan etymology :

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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *t(r)ǝ̆k (~ dh-)
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: straight, level
Chinese: *d_rǝk straight, right
Kachin: numdaʔ2 level (road).
Comments: Cf. *tǝ̆k.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-kach,stibet-comments,

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Chinese characters :

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Character:
Modern (Beijing) reading: zhí
Preclassic Old Chinese: d(h)rǝk
Classic Old Chinese: d(h)rǝk
Western Han Chinese: ḍ(h)ǝk
Eastern Han Chinese: ḍ(h)ǝk
Early Postclassic Chinese: ḍ(h)ɨk
Middle Postclassic Chinese: ḍ(h)ɨk
Late Postclassic Chinese: ḍ(h)ɨk
Middle Chinese: ḍik
English meaning : be straight
Russian meaning[s]: 1) прямой; вертикальный; выпрямлять(ся); 2) беспристрастный, справедливый, правильный; 3) прямой, непосредственный; идти прямо; напрямик; 4) цена; стоимость, см. 值; 5) только; однако; 6) непрерывно, безостановочно; 7) Чжи (фамилия)
Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology
Dialectal data: Dialectal data
Radical: 24
Four-angle index: 738
Karlgren code: 0919 a
Go-on: diki
Kan-on: tjoku
Vietnamese reading: trụ'c
Shijing occurrences: 50.3
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-go,bigchina-kanon,bigchina-viet,bigchina-shijing,

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Chinese Dialects :

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Number: 637
Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology
Character:
MC description : 曾開三入職澄
ZIHUI: 4160 0452
Beijing: c̣î_ 12
Jinan: c̣î_ 12
Xi'an: c̣î_ 12
Taiyuan: cǝʔ 42
Hankou: ci_ 12
Chengdu: ci_ 12
Yangzhou: cǝʔ 4
Suzhou: zôʔ 42
Wenzhou: ʒei 42
Changsha: c̣î_ 4
Shuangfeng: ʒ̣î_ 31
Nanchang: cǝt 41
Meixian: chǝt 42
Guangzhou: čîk 42
Xiamen: tit 42
Chaozhou: tik 42
Fuzhou: tiʔ 42
Shanghai: zaʔ 42
Zhongyuan yinyun: či 41
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,

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Long-range etymologies :

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Borean (approx.) : TVKV
Meaning : to stand, plant vertically
Eurasiatic : *tIgwV
Sino-Caucasian : *ṭVgV̆́
Amerind (misc.) : *tik 'dig; plant' (R 173)
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-scc,globet-amer,

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Nostratic etymology :

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Eurasiatic: *tIgwV
Meaning: to plant vertically
Borean: Borean
Indo-European: *dheigʷ-
Altaic: *tī̀k`i
Kartvelian: *deg-/dg-
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-kart,

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Indo-European etymology :

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Proto-IE: *dheigʷ-
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Meaning: to stab, to dig
Baltic: *deîg- (2) vb. tr., *dī̂g- (2) vb. intr., *deîg-a- c., *daîg-a- c., *daig-ā̂ f., *dīg-iā̃ f., *dīg-u- adj., *daig-ī̂- vb.
Germanic: *dīk-a- m., *dīk-ia- n.
Latin: fīgō (OLat fīvō), -ere, fīxī, fīctum/fīxum `heften, anheften, hineinstecken; durchbohren; festsetzen, einprägen'; ? fīnis, -is m. (/f.) `Grenze; Ende, Abschluss; das Äusserste, Höchste; Endziel, Zweck'; fībula f. `Heftel, Klammer, Spange, Schnalle, Heftnadel'
Other Italic: Umbr fiktu `figitō', afiktu `īnfigitō';
Russ. meaning: втыкать, копать
References: WP I 832 f
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-ital,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,

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Baltic etymology :

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Proto-Baltic: *deîg- (2) vb. tr., *dī̂g- (2) vb. intr., *deîg-a- c., *daîg-a- c., *daig-ā̂ f., *dīg-iā̃ f., *dīg-u- adj., *daig-ī̂- vb.
Meaning: stab, dig
Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology
Lithuanian: díega-s 'Keim, Spross'; dáiga-s 'dass.'; daigà 'Keimen, Aufgehen der Saat', daigù- 'keimfähig, gut aufkeimend', díegti (-gia, -gē), intens. dáigīti 'stecken, setzen, pflanzen, säen, stechen', dīgē̃ 'Stichling', dī̃gē 'Sctachelbeere', dīgù- 'stachelig', dī́gti 'keimen, aufgehen (vom Samen), hervorspriessen'
Lettish: diêgt (-dzu) 'stechen, fadeln; schlagen; nähen, trakeln; heften', diêgs 'Zwirn, Keim', dîgt (-gstu, -gu) intr. 'keimen', pl. daigas, -i 'Garn zum Trakeln'; ? daîga 'eine Fliegenart'; daîdzît (daidzu/daîgu, -īju) 'trakeln, nähen'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,

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Germanic etymology :

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Proto-Germanic: *dīka-z, *dīkia-n
Meaning: puddle, pool
IE etymology: IE etymology
Old Norse: dīki n. `Pfütze, Morast; Graben'
Norwegian: dike `Moor; Graben; Deich'
Swedish: dike
Danish: dige `Wall, Damm, Graben'
Old English: dīc m., f. `Abzugsgraben, Kanal'
English: dike
Old Frisian: dīk m. `dam'
Old Saxon: dīk m. `dijk, vijver'
Middle Dutch: dijk m. `dijk, poel'
Dutch: dijk m.
Middle Low German: dīk m. `dīk, vijver'
Low German: dīk `Deich'
Middle High German: tīch st. m. 'deich, damm; teich; fischteich'
German: Teich m., [ Deich < LG ]
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-swed,germet-dan,germet-oengl,germet-engl,germet-ofris,germet-osax,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-mlg,germet-lg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,

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Pokorny's dictionary :

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Number: 383
Root: dhēigʷ- : dhōigʷ- : dhīgʷ-
English meaning: to stick, plant
German meaning: `stechen, stecken, festsetzen'
Material: Lat. fīgō, -ere `heften, anheften; festsetzen; hineinstecken' (urlat. ī, vgl. fīgier S. C. Bacch.), alat. fīvō, umbr. fiktu `fīgitō', afiktu `īnfīgitō'; wahrscheinlich dazu als `festgestecktes' auch fīnis `Grenze, Ziel, Ende' (= lit. dỹgsnis `Stich'), vgl. fīniō, -īreauch `festsetzen, bestimmen';

    ags. dīc `Abzugsgraben, Kanal', ndd. dīk, aisl. dīk(i)n, mhd. tīch, woraus nhd. Deich, Teich `eigentlich `Ausstich'.

    lit. dýgstu, dýgti, lett. dîgt `keimen' (eigentlich `hervorstechen', lit. dygùs `spitzig, stachelig'), dazu dygiù, dygė́ti `stechenden Schmerz empfinden', dyglỹs `Dorn', dỹgė `Stachelbeere', apr. digno `Schwertgriff' (wie nhd. Heft `Schwertgriff', d. h. `worin die Klinge eingeheftet ist, zu heften); hochstufig lit. díegiu, díegti, lett. diêgt `stechen', lit.díegas `Keim', apr. deicktas `Stätte', ursprüngl. `Punkt, Stich'; mit ōi: lit. dáigas `Keim, Setzling', dáiktas `Punkt; Sache', daigìnti `keimen machen';

References: WP. I 832 f., WH. I 495 f., 865; Trautmann 49 f.
Pages: 243-244
PIE database: PIE database
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,

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Altaic etymology :

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Proto-Altaic: *tī̀k`i
Nostratic: Nostratic
Meaning: to plant vertically
Russian meaning: сажать, ставить вертикально
Turkic: *dik-
Mongolian: *čike
Tungus-Manchu: *dīKē-
Comments: EAS 50, 150, KW 85, 439, Poppe 16. A Western isogloss. In Mong. we also have Kalm. dekǝ- 'to stick in; coire' (KW 85), which Ramstedt (ibid.) compares with the Turkic and TM word; if this were the true cognate, we would have to think that Mong. *čig, *čike is borrowed < Turkic (as suggested in TMN 2, 659). The poor attestation of Mong. deke-, however, raises doubts (so does the final -e in Mong. čike, hardly to be expected in a Turkic loanword), so the traditional comparison (Turk. *dik : Mong. *čike) might be the best solution after all.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-reference,

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Turkic etymology :

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Proto-Turkic: *dik-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: 1 to plant vertically 2 vertical
Russian meaning: 1 ставить, сажать вертикально 2 вертикальный
Old Turkic: tik- 1 (Orkh., OUygh.)
Karakhanid: tik- 1, tik 2 (MK)
Turkish: dik- 1, dik 2
Tatar: tekä- 1, tekä 2
Middle Turkic: tik- 1, tik 2 (Sangl.)
Uzbek: tik- 1, tik 2
Uighur: tik- 1, tik 2
Sary-Yughur: tɨk- 1
Azerbaidzhan: dik 2, dik-ä-l- (refl.) 1, tik- 'to build'
Turkmen: dik- 1, dik 2
Khakassian: tǝk- 'to set up a house'
Halaj: tik- 1
Chuvash: čik- 1
Yakut: tik-, tɨk- 'to sting; to sew'
Dolgan: tik- 'to sew'
Kirghiz: tik- 1, tik 2
Kazakh: tik- 1, tik 2
Noghai: tik- 1, tik 2
Bashkir: tekä 2, tekä- 'упирать, устремлять взгляд'
Balkar: tik 'крутой'
Gagauz: dik- 1, dik 2
Karaim: tik- 1, tik 2
Karakalpak: tik- 1, tik 2
Kumyk: tik- 1, tik 2
Comments: EDT 475-476, ЭСТЯ 3, 224-227, Егоров 325, Федотов 2, 417-418, Stachowski 223.
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-khal,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,

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Mongolian etymology :

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Proto-Mongolian: *čike
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: straight, vertically
Russian meaning: прямой, прямо, вертикально
Written Mongolian: čike, čeke (L 180)
Khalkha: čix
Buriat: sexe
Kalmuck: čikǝ
Ordos: ǯixe
Comments: KW 439. Cf. also WMong. čig, Kalm. čig 'straight' (KW 438). Mong. čike > Oyr. čike etc.
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-reference,

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Tungus etymology :

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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *dīKē-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: to hide
Russian meaning: прятать(ся)
Evenki: dīkē-
Even: dikъn-
Negidal: dixē-n-
Udighe: dige-
Comments: ТМС 1, 205.
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-ude,tunget-reference,

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Kartvelian etymology :

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Proto-Kartvelian: *deg-/dg-
Nostratic: Nostratic
Russian meaning: стоять, ставить
English meaning: to stand, put
Georgian: deg-, dg-, dgam- / dgm-, dgin- / dgen-
Megrel: dg-, dgum-, dgim-, dgin-
Svan: g-, gem- / gm-
Laz: dg-, dgim-, dgin-
Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 70, 71, EWK 104-105. Исходное значение - "ставить вертикально, вставлять", как видно по производному *(s)a-dg-iś- "шило" (груз. sadgis-, мегр. odgiš-, см. ЭСКЯ 168-169, EWK 102-103). Интересно сравнить с алт. *tīk`u 'ставить вертикально', ПИЕ *dhēigʷ- 'вставлять, торчать' (IEW 243-244). Сравнение с ПЗК *gǝ- 'стоять' (Климов 1969, 292) неправомерно.
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-meg,kartet-sva,kartet-laz,kartet-notes,

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