Yenisseian etymology :

Proto-Yenisseian: *čip

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: dog

Ket: tīp, pl. taʔp

Yug: čip, pl. čaʔp

Kottish: alšip, pl. alšáp "Hund"; (Бол.) penga-alčip "bitch", alčip "dog", iga-alčip "male dog"; асс. alčip (М., Сл., Кл.), alšip (Кл.)

Arin: ílčap (М., Сл., Кл.) "dog"; (Лоск.) pinbilšaba "bitch", araulšeb "male dog", ilčep "dog"

Comments: ССЕ 217. Phonetically unclear is Pump. (Кл., Сл.) ci 'dog'. Cf. also Ket ta:ĺ, Yug čafɨr³ "dog food". Werner 2, 269 *t'ip.

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *čɨrbV́

Meaning: dog

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *čǝrbV / *bǝrčV (~ ć)

Yenisseian: *čip

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *čǝrbV / *bǝrčV (~ ć)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: a k. of dog

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *čiba (~ -o)

Proto-Lezghian: *p:arč-

Notes: Except for the metathesis in Tab. (which is not an unfrequent phenomenon), correspondences are quite regular. However, the Tab. form is isolated within Lezghian and quoted from Khaidakov 1973, which makes the comparison with PA much less reliable.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *čiba (~ -o)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: bitch

Chamalal: čiba

Tindi: čiba

Karata: čiba (Tok.)

Godoberi: čiba

Comments: Tind. > Khvarsh. (Ram.) čeba 'bitch'.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *p:arč-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: tracking dog, bloodhound

Tabasaran: barči

Comment: Ruoted from Khaidakov 1973, thus not very reliable.

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : CVRPV

Meaning : dog, wolf

Afroasiatic : *ǯiʔib-

Sino-Caucasian : *čɨrbV́

Reference : ND 2771 *ǯiʔVbV 'wolf' (SH; Nostr. parallels are unreliable; Georg. čiba 'young dog' definitely < NC).

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ǯiʔib-

Meaning: beast of prey

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Semitic: *d_iʔb- 'wolf'

Egyptian: zꜣb (pyr) 'jackal'

Western Chadic: *ǯib- 'viverra'

East Chadic: *ǯabiy- 'hyaena'

Beḍauye (Beja): diib 'wolf'

Notes: Cf. *ʒVʔVb- 'lion' (Sid doob-iččo, Kmb zob-ečču, Tam zob-ečo) and Om *ʒab- id. (Bako zab).

Semitic etymology :

Number: 2377

Proto-Semitic: *d_iʔb-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: wolf

Akkadian: zību 'jackal, vulture' SB [CAD z 106], [AHw. 1525]. // Exact meaning of the term is not easy to establish. Attestations with the MUS̆EN determinative make the meaning 'kind of bird [of prey]' quite certain (cf. [Salonen Vögel 109, 237, 293] where it is identified with Gyps fulvus, 'Gänsegeier'). Note that a very similar meaning shift in Akk. is supposed for PS *ṣ̂abuʕ- 'hyena', cf. No. ... . On the other hand, serious doubts about z. as a term for a mammal have been expressed. In its radical form, this approach is found in MSL VIII/2 129 (according to Landsberger, z. is never applied to mammals) and is accepted by CAD where the traditional rendering 'jackal' is preserved for some passages only (with a remark that even there the translation 'vulture' is possible or even preferable). A different treatement is found in [AHw] where new textual evidence in favour of the traditional translation are adduced (e.g. kalbū u zībū ina ḳerbīšun ēmidū 'dogs and jackals assembled in their recesses' Iraq 16.192.55). An indirect evidence for the translation 'jackal' is the locust name BURU5 zi-bu-ú equated to Sum. BURU5 KA5.A ('fox-jackal'). In Malku V 44 zi-i-bu = bar-ba-ru (i.e. 'wolf'). As rightly pointed out in [CAD z 106], this usage is to be explained as a WS borrowing or influence (cf. [Landsberger Fauna 78]).

Hebrew: zǝʔēb 'wolf' [KB 260], pB. [Ja. 377]. // A relatively rare poetic term, usually in parallelism with other large predatory mammals (nāmēr, kǝpīr, ʔaryē). Outside the Hebrew Bible cf. Sir 13.17 (mh yḥwbr zʔb ʔl kbš 'what have in common a wolf and a ram?'), probably inverting the phraseology of Isaiah (e.g. wǝgār zǝʔēb ʕim käbäŝ 'and a wolf will dwell with a ram', Is 11.6).

Aramaic: D.-Alla [z]ʔ̣ḅ 'wolf' [Hackett 129]. // In I.10 (reconstruction is not very certain but yields good sense in the context: ʔrnbn ʔklw [z]ʔ̣ḅ 'зайцы сьели волка'). // Off. dʔb, dyb 'wolf' [HJ 237]. // The form dybʔ is found in Frah IX 5 (= gurg), see [Nyberg 73]; dʔb in Aḥiq 199 is not very certain (see references in [HJ]).

Judaic Aramaic: dēbā 'wolf' [Ja. 294], [Levy WT I 169], [Levy WTM I 370], dēb 'wolf', dǝbū 'she-wolf' [Ja. 276], [Levy WTM I 370], dyb 'wolf' [Sok. 144]. // Sam. dyb 'wolf' [Tal 179].

Syrian Aramaic: dēbā, dʔybʔ, dybʔ 'lupus' [Brock. 137], [PS 801].

Mandaic Aramaic: diba 'wolf' [DM 106].

Arabic: d_iʔb-, d_īb- 'loup; chacal' [BK 1 760], [Fr. II 78], [Lane 949], [LA I 377] (for more details see [Hommel 303-4]).

Geʕez (Ethiopian): zǝʔb 'hyena' [LGz. 630] (also zǝbʔ id. [ibid. 630], metathesis).

Tigre: zǝbʔi 'hyena' [LH 498] (most probably borrowed from Tna.).

Tigrai (Tigriñña): zǝbʔi 'iena' [Bass. 732].

Amharic: ǯǝb 'hyena' [K 1863].

Jibbali: d_ib 'loup' [LS 120], díb 'wolf' [Nakano 117].

Soqotri: díb id. [LS 120].

Notes: Note forms with z- in Arm.: Jud. zībā, zēbā 'wolf' [Ja. 390], [Dalman 119] (cf. [Levy WTM I 526]), Mnd. zaba "an older form of diba" 'wolf' [DM 156]. // [Fron. 293]: *d_iʔb- 'lupo' (Gez., Soq., Arb., Syr., Hbr., Akk.); [DRS 324]: Akk., Hbr., Arm., Arb., MSA, Eth.; [KB 260]: Hbr., Arb., Gez., Arm., Akk.; [Brock. 137]: Syr., Arm., Hbr., Akk., Arb.; [LGz. 630]: Gez., Eth., Hbr., Arm., Arb., Akk.; [Firmage 1153]: Akk., Hbr., Arm., Gez., Arb.; [LS 120]: Soq., Jib., Arb., Hbr., Gez., Arm., Akk.

Egyptian etymology :

Old Egyptian: zꜣb (pyr)

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'jackal'

West Chadic etymology :

Proto-WChadic: *ǯib-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'viverra (civet cat)'

Jimi: ǯìb-da [Cs N 243]

Polchi: šib-dá [Cs]

Zul: ǯū́da [Cs]

Ngizim: ǯíb-da [ShN]

Notes: the similarity of reflexes poins to a possible borrowing

East Chadic etymology :

Proto-EChadic: *ǯabiy-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'hyaena'

Migama: ǯábíyá [JMig]

Bidiya: ǯèbèy-gì [JBid]

Bedauye (Beja) etymology :

Bedauye: diib

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'wolf'

Notes: (very likely an Arabism)

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