Yenisseian etymology :

Proto-Yenisseian: *ʔete

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: sharp

Ket: ēti¹, South. ēt, pl. ɛtiŋ⁵

Yug: ēt / ejt, pl. ɛtiŋ⁵

Kottish: ēti, g. ētī, pl. ētaŋ

Pumpokol: etɨkup (Срсл.,) "sharply" [= Yug.?]

Comments: ССЕ 189. Werner 1, 273. Despite Bouda and Timonina, similarity to PT *jitig 'sharp' is most probably accidental.

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ɦV̆šdwĀ́

Meaning: sharp

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *ɦüǯwĀ

Yenisseian: *ʔete

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *ɦüǯwĀ

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: sharp, to sharpen

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *bižun

Proto-Tsezian: *ʔãč-

Proto-Lezghian: *ʡeč:ʷa-

Proto-West Caucasian: *č:ʷa-nǝ

Notes: The etymology is both phonetically and semantically secure. Not quite clear is the origin of PTs nasalisation (just as in another case, PEC *ʔiǯwVr 'lick' > PTs *=ãč-). Andian languages reflect only a deverbal noun (with a frequent circumfix *b- -n).

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *bižun

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: needle, knitting needle

Andian language: bežun

Akhvakh: mežu

Chamalal: bezũ

Tindi: bežun

Karata: bežun

Botlikh: bežun

Bagvalal: bežũ

Godoberi: bežun

Comments: Cf. also Akhv. Ratl. bežun, Tseg., Tlan. bužun, Cham. Gig. bezun.

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *ʔãč-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to sharpen, whet 2 whetstone

Khvarshi: =ač-eχ- 1 (Radzhibov)

Bezhta: ä̃č- (Tlad.) 1

Gunzib: ãčun 2

Comments: PGB *ʔãč- 'to sharpen' (cf. also Bezht. Khosh. äč- ), *ʔãčun 'whetstone' (cf. also Bezht. Tlad. ä̃čün, Khosh. äčün).

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *ʡeč:ʷa-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to sharpen, whet 2 to polish 3 whetstone

Lezghian: k:ünü 3

Tabasaran: ulǯ̌am 3

Agul: ʕulžan 3

Rutul: uǯu-d 3

Tsakhur: h-e=že- 2

Archi: =eIč:a- 1

Comment: The verbal stem is preserved only in Tsakh. and Archi (cf. also Arch. dur. =eIrč:u-r pointing to labialisation in PL). Most other languages reflect only the derivate *ʡelč:ʷana 'whetstone' (in Lezg. with a secondary -j-suffixation: k:ünü < *ʡe(l)č:ʷanVj); besides the forms cited cf. also Tab. Kand. ilǯ̌an, Düb. hilǯ̌an, Ag. Bursh. ʕulǯem, Burk. ʡülǯan, Fit. ħurǯin, Tsakh. wɨžena (Gelm. wužana). Other derivates are: Rut. uǯud < *ʡeč:ʷV-t:V; Arch. čun 'knitting needle' < *(ʡi)č:ʷV-nV.

    The medial *-l- in *ʡelč:ʷana must be probably explained from *-r-, having penetrated here from the verbal durative stem (cf. Arch. =eIrč:u-r) and modified to *-l- under the influence of the following nasal (a usual development, especially in verbal paradigms).

Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *č:ʷa-nǝ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to sharpen, whet 2 sharp

Adyghe: č́ān 2

Kabardian: žān 2

Ubykh: čan- 1

Comments: PAK *č́:ánǝ. Despite Abdokov (1973, 50) the Adygh word can not be related to Ub. (n)dan 'sharp' for phonetic reasons; but Ub. čan- 'to sharpen' is a perfect match (and it can not be considered a loan from Ad. because of its non-palatalised č- and verbal function).

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : HVCV

Meaning : sharp

Sino-Caucasian : *ɦV̆šdwĀ́

Austric : *ʔcVʔ

Reference : Peiros 1989, 129.

Austric etymology :

Proto-Austric: *ʔcVʔ

Meaning: sharpen, cut

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Proto-Austroasiatic: *cɛh (also *cah 'break, chop')

Austroasiatic meaning: cut, split

Proto-Austronesian: *Sasaq

Austronesian meaning: whet, sharpen

Austro-Asiatic etymology :

Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *cah

Meaning: break, chop

Austric etymology: Austric etymology

Proto-Katuic: *cah

Proto-Bahnaric: *cah

Katuic etymology :

Proto-Katuic: *cah

Meaning: to cut, chop

Presyllable: #

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Proto-West Katuic: *cah

Proto-East Katuic: *cah

References: P-20; TK16.231

West Katuic etymology :

Proto-West Katuic: *cah

Meaning: to cut, chop

Presyllable: #

Katuic etymology: Katuic etymology

Bru Van Keu: cah

Bru Van Keu meaning: to mow, to clear (as a road), to open

So: cah.B R?

So meaning: to cut a path with a knife

Bru: cah.N

Bru meaning: to mow

Kui: cah.N

Kui meaning: to cut away (vegetation)

East Katuic etymology :

Proto-East Katuic: *cah

Meaning: to cut, chop

Presyllable: #

Katuic etymology: Katuic etymology

Pakoh: cah

Pakoh meaning: to cut, chop (small stems)

Lao Katu: cah

Lao Katu meaning: to chop

Ngeq: cah, cah.B

Ngeq meaning: to cut down grass

Chatong: cah

Katu dialects (1): cah

Katu dialects (4): cah

Katu meaning: to break

Bahnar etymology :

Proto-Bahnaric: *cah

Meaning: break

Presyllable: pǝ-

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Bahnar: pǝcah I?

Bahnar meaning: break (china, etc.)

Proto-West Bahnaric: *cah

North Bahnaric etymology :

Proto-North-Bahnaric:

Meaning: break

Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology

Rengao form: pǝcah.T

Rengao meaning: to break

West Bahnaric etymology :

Proto-West- Bahnaric: *cah

Meaning: dig (with spade)

Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology

Jaru form: cah

Jaru meaning: dig (with spade)

Lavi: cah

Juk: cɛh V?

Nhaheung form: cah

Nhaheung meaning: dig

Brao form: cah

Brao meaning: dig (with spade)

References: JS-152, TB17.62a

Total pages generated Pages generated by this script 1158834 1689186	Help
StarLing database server Powered by CGI scripts Copyright 1998-2003 by S. Starostin Copyright 1998-2003 by G. Bronnikov Copyright 2005-2014 by Phil Krylov