Uralic etymology :

Number: 496

Proto: *lomV (*lamV)

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: warmth; flame

German meaning: Wärme; Flamme

Mari (Cheremis): lompǝ̑ž (KB), lomǝ̑ž (B) 'Asche' ?

Udmurt (Votyak): lumi̮t (S M) 'warm, lauwarm, laulich'

Komi (Zyrian): lum (PO) 'жар' ( > Khanty O lum 'Wärme des Ofens', Mansi lum 'Glut'), loma (Vm.) 'головня, головешка', lomti̮- (S), vonti̮- (P) 'heizen (Ofen, Zimmer)'

Hungarian: láng (dial. lang) 'Flamme' ?

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *lVmV

Meaning: fire, warmth

Borean: Borean

Uralic: *lomV (*lamV) (cf. also *lämpV)

Kartvelian: *lemeč- (~-š-,-ǯ-) 'fire'

References: ND 2698 *ẑomV 'heat, sun' (Ur. + ??SH).

Kartvelian etymology :

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : LVMV

Meaning : warm

Eurasiatic : *lVmV

Afroasiatic : *limaH-

Sino-Caucasian : *lVmV ( ~ ʎ-, ƛ-)

Amerind (misc.) : *lemp 'shine; sun, day' (R 624)

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *limaH-

Meaning: shine, day

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Semitic: *lVmaʕ/ḥ- 'shine'

Western Chadic: *liHam- 'sun' 1, 'sky' 2, 'God' 3, 'moon' 4

Semitic etymology :

Number: 794

Proto-Semitic: *lVmaʕ/ḥ-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'shine'

Arabic: lmʕ/ḥ a,1

West Chadic etymology :

Proto-WChadic: *liHam-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'sky' 2, 'God' 3, 'moon' 4

Polchi: liyem 2,3

Dikshi: lim 4

Zaar: lèḿ 4

Dwot: lem- 2,3

Zakshi: lǝ̀m 4

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *lVmV ( ~ ʎ-, ƛ-)

Meaning: warm, to burn

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Sino-Tibetan: *lǝ̄m

Burushaski: *lam

Comments and references : Cf. also PST *lɨ̆m `warm'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *lǝ̄m

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: burn, blaze, heat

Chinese: 燂 *l_ǝ̄m, *lham to heat, blaze; to roast or boil soft.

Tibetan: slam to roast slightly; to parch.

Burmese: kjwamh parch, roast.

Kachin: gǝlam² to flash,as bright steel, cf. also brim² be bright, gǝbrim² to shine; (H) kǝpram to shine as the sun through the clouds, kǝbram to shine.

Lepcha: lím to flame up, as fire

Comments: Mantśati hlam-; Sh.138. Cf. also OCh. 炎 *lam, *lams blaze,blazing, *lam, *lām brilliant, magnificent, 燄 *lamʔ, *lams to flame up (but see also *GʷVm); Burm. ǝhljam brilliance, shine, mih-hljam flame; Kham pǝ̆laN bright, lit up. See Bod. 100; Ben. 48. Cf. *lɨ̆m.

Chinese characters :

Character: 燂

Modern (Beijing) reading: qián

Preclassic Old Chinese: lham

Classic Old Chinese: lham

Western Han Chinese: lham

Eastern Han Chinese: zham

Early Postclassic Chinese: zhem

Middle Postclassic Chinese: zhem

Late Postclassic Chinese: zhem

Middle Chinese: zjem

English meaning : to heat, blaze; to roast or boil soft

Comments: Also read *lhǝ̄m, MC dʌm id. (for *lh cf. Fuzhou thaŋ²).

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Karlgren code: 0646 d

Burushaski etymology :

Common Burushaski: *lam

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: to shine, glitter, burn

Hunza: lam, lálam, lamʒ́ám, limlám

Comments: Sh. lálam, lamʒ́ám

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