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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 1776
Proto: *elV
English meaning: blade
German meaning: Schneide
Mansi (Vogul): iĺmǝt (TJ), iĺǝm (KU P), ēlmi (So.) 'Schneide' ?
Hungarian: él 'Schneide; Spitze'
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-man,uralet-ugr,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *ʔVlV
Meaning: blade, awl
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-ura,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *ēl- <PIH *H- ?>
Meaning: awl
Old Indian: ā́rā f. `a shoemaker's awl or knife, bore'
Armenian: heɫ `Pfrieme, Ahle'
Russ. meaning: шило
piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-arm,piet-germ,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *ēlō, *ala-z, *alō, *alVsnō
Meaning: awl
Gothic: *alisna (Fr alène, It lesina, Sp alesna)
Old Norse: al-r m. `Ahle, Pfriem'
Norwegian: ale `kleine Stange zum Fischtrocknen'
Old English: eal (al, äl), -e f. `awl'
Middle Dutch: elsene, elsen, alsene
Dutch: aal; els f., dial. alsene
Middle Low German: āl; elase(ne)
Old High German: āla f. (9.Jh.); { alunsa, alansa }
Middle High German: āle wk. f. 'ahle'
German: Ahle f.; { Alse, Else }
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-got,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-oengl,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-mlg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 471
Root: ēlā
English meaning: bodkin
German meaning: `Ahle'
Material: Ai. ā́rā `Ahle', ahd. āla f., mhd. āle ds. (germ. *ēlō) ags. ǣl; ablaut. altnord. alr m. `Ahle, Pfriem', > nengl. awl neben ahd. alansa, alunsa `Ahle'. Aus got. *ēla stammt apr. ylo, woraus lit. ýla `Pfriem', lett. ĩlęns ds.
References: WP. I 156, Vasmer bei Senn Germ. Lw.-Stud. 47.
Pages: 310
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : HVLV
Meaning : blade, whetstone
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-scc,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *-āʎwÉ
Meaning: to whet, whetstone
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-buru,sccet-basq,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *ʔāʎwE
Meaning: whetstone, to whet; to sweep
Proto-West Caucasian: *ʎ́ǝ Notes: The WC form has lost labialisation: this happens sometimes in verbal roots, probably because of interaction with class prefixes. Otherwise correspondences are regular.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lezg,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *ʔālχi
Meaning: whetstone
Chechen: älχa
Ingush: älχ
Batsbi: atχĕ
Comments: 4th class in all languages. Cf. also Chech. dial. (Imnaishvili) ālχa id.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *=ax- ( ~ -o-)
Meaning: to whet
Avar: ƛ:-ux-
Chadakolob: ƛ-ux-
Chamalal: =āh-
Tindi: =āh-
Comments: Cf. also Cham. Gig. =āh- 'to whet'. Length of vowel in Cham. and Tind. is not clear; otherwise correspondences are regular. Av. ƛ:- is an expressive preverb. Since in Avar the verb ƛ:-ux- means both 'to whet' and 'to sweep' ( = 'to make clean, polished'), it seems possible to relate here also the PA word for 'broom, besom' *ʔi(r)xu: Cham. īhʷ (Gig. ihu), Tind. ehu, Kar. erxu, Bagv. erxʷ (Tlond. ehʷ).
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-comment,
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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *ʔiʎu ( ~ -L-)
Meaning: flint, flint-stone
Bezhta: iʎo
Gunzib: ilu
Comments: PGB *ʔiLu.
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-bzt,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *ʔaʎʷV
Meaning: to sweep
Tsakhur: s-a=xʷa-
Kryz: w-of-
Budukh: w-o=x-
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-cak,lezget-krz,lezget-bud,
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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :
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Proto-West-Caucasian: *ʎ́ǝ
Meaning: 1 to whet 2 to stroke, rub
Abkhaz: a-š́:-rá 2
Abaza: š́:-ra 2
Adyghe: ʎǝ-n 1
Kabardian: ʎǝ-n 1
Comments: PAT *š́:ǝ- (with expressive gemination; the non-geminated form *š́ǝ is used only in compounds, cf., e.g., Abkh. á-kʷ-š́-ra 'to run one's hand over smth.' etc.); PAK *ʎǝ-. Cf. also the stem *ʎa- in Kab. da-ʎa-n 'to stroke, to rub'.
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-abk,abadet-aba,abadet-adg,abadet-kab,abadet-comment,
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Burushaski etymology :
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Common Burushaski: *bál-dan
Meaning: whetstone
Yasin: bál-dan
Hunza: bál-dan
Nagar: bál-dan
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-yas,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,
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Basque etymology :
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Proto-Basque: *labain-
Meaning: 1 to slip, slide 2 to polish, furbish (something) 3 slippery 4 flatterer 5 knife, razor 6 whetstone
Bizkaian: laban 3, 4, laban-du 1, 2, labana, labaiña 4
Gipuzkoan: laban, labain 3, 4, labana 4, 5, laban-arri 6
High Navarrese: labaiña 5
Comments: For the semantic connection of 'slip, slide > rub > polish, whet' cf. German schleifen, Scheifenstein, etc. Bsq retains an archaic syllabic structure, *labaɨ-n- < *ʎāwE-n- or the like, remodeled in PNC as *ʔāʎwE. There may be some contamination with reflexes of Lat. novacula ‘razor’ > Cat. navalla, Port. navalha, Sp. navaja; cf. the eastern Bsq loanwords (ZBR) nabéla, (RNC) ñabla, (SAL) nabla ‘razor’.
basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-bzk,basqet-gip,basqet-anv,basqet-comments,
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