Change viewing parameters
Select another database

Uralic etymology :

Search within this database
Number: 1550
Proto: *saja
> Nostratic: > Nostratic
English meaning: shadow
German meaning: Schatten
Finnish: suoja 'Schutz, Schirm, Zufluchtsort; dial. Gebäude, Stube; Tauwetter; sanft, mild (vom Wetter)', suojele- 'beschützen, verteidigen, hüten' ( > Saam. N suoggjâli- 'protect, keep safe'), suoju- 'warm werden, beruhigt, besänftigt werden' ?
Estonian: soe (gen. soa, sooja) 'warm, Wärme; liebreich, liebevoll' ?
Saam (Lapp): suoggje -j- (N) 'lee, shelter; protection', suodje (L) 'Windschutz, Lee', si̮ǝ̑i̯ja (T), sū͕i̯j(e) (Kld.), su͕o͕i̯jǝ (Not.) 'Schutz (vor Regen, Wind)', ? šuoggja -j- ~ šuoggje -j- (N) 'supernatural being which rejoices at people's misfortunes', sjuodjė̄ (L) 'ein übernatürliches Wesen, das überall da ist und alles hört' ?
Mari (Cheremis): šaj-kǝ̑, šajǝ̑k (KB) 'hinter (acc.)', šajkǝ̑la 'nach hinten zu'; šoj-ć (B) 'von hinten, hinter', šojǝ̑lč id., šojlan 'später; šojŭl (M) 'das Hintere, Hinter-'; śöśte- (M U), šöšte- (U) 'beschatten' (? also attributed to *saśtV - SAS)
Udmurt (Votyak): saj (S) 'Küħɫɛ, Frische', saj (G) 'Zufluchtsstätte', saj (Wied.) 'Schatten; Kühlung'
Komi (Zyrian): saj (S) 'Raum hinter etw.', saje̮ (P) 'hinter (acc.), hinten', saji̮n 'hinter (dat.), hinten'; sa.jø (PO) 'hinter' (acc.), sa.jøn 'hinter (dat.)' ( > Khanty säj (V), saj (DN O) 'Schutz, Hinterraum; Vorhang', Mansi N saj 'abseits gelegener Ort'), sajk (Ud.) 'прохлада, свежесть' ( > Khanty O sajǝk 'nüchtern, nicht berauscht', Mansi So. sājǝk 'id.; frisch', sajik (N) 'frostig, kühl, kalt; nüchtern'), sajed (I) 'Schutz, Schirm'
Sammalahti's version: *so/aja
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-est,uralet-saa,uralet-mar,uralet-udm,uralet-kom,uralet-samm2,

Search within this database


Nostratic etymology :

Search within this database
Eurasiatic: *c`ajV
Meaning: to blink, shine, shade
Borean: Borean
Indo-European: *sḱeiǝ-
Altaic: *saja
Uralic: *saja (*śäjä (Setälä FUF 2, 267) ) (if not < IIr.)
Kartvelian: *ca-
Dravidian: *sāj- (*c-)
References: ОСНЯ 1, 199 (*c̣äjħa), МССНЯ 348.
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-drav,nostret-reference,

Search within this database


Indo-European etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-IE: *sk'āy-
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Meaning: shadow, indirect light
Tokharian: B skiyo 'shade, shadow' (Adams 706)
Old Indian: chāyā́ f. `shade, shadow; reflection'
Avestan: a-saya- `wer keinen Schatten wirft'
Other Iranian: NPers sāya `Schatten, Schutz'
Old Greek: skiǟ́ f. `Schatten', skieró-, skiaró- `schattenreich, Schatten werfend, beschattet', skai̯ó- `schattig' (Nik.), skíro-n (? / *skī̂ro-n) n. Bez. eines weissen Sonnenschirms od. Baldachins, der bei Prozessionen von der Akropolis nach einem Skîron (Skíron) benannten Orte an der heiligen Strasse nach Eleusis zu Ehren der Athena (Skiras) und anderer Göttinnen und Götter gwetragen wurde; pl. Skíra N. eines Frauenfestes zu Ehren der Demeter Kore und der Athena Polias; skǟnǟ́ f. `Zelt(dach), Bude, Schmaus; Bühne(ngebäude), Szene', skǟ̂nos n. `Körper (= Zelt der Seele), Leichnam'
Slavic: *sьjātī, *sējǭ, *sēnь
Germanic: *skī-n-a- vb., *skī-n-a- m., n., *skī-n-ō(n-) f., *skī-m-an- m., *ski-m-an- m., *ski-m-Vr-ia- vb.
Albanian: hē, hie `Schatten'; hir `Gnade Gottes'
Russ. meaning: тень, непрямой свет
References: WP II 535 f
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-tokh,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-iran,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-germ,piet-alb,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,

Search within this database


Vasmer's dictionary :

Search within this database
Word: сия́ть,
Near etymology: сия́ю, укр. ся́ти, ся́ю, др.-русск., ст.-слав. сити λάμπειν (Клоц., Супр.), сербск.-цслав. синути (*синѫти), болг. сия́ен "блестящий; лучезарный", сербохорв. сjа̏ти, сjа̑м, словен. sijáti, sȋjem "сиять", síniti, sȋnem "засиять", далее родственно цслав. присоıе "солнцепек", сербохорв. òсоjе "тенистое место", а также сень.
Further etymology: Ср. также гот. skeinan "светить, блестеть", греч. σκιά "тень", σκοιός "тенистый", алб. hē "тень", др.-инд. сhāуā́ "блеск; тень", нов.-перс. sāуа "тень, защита", вероятно, также лтш. seja "лицо" (Розвадовский, Jagić-Festschr. 304; Траутман, ВSW 304; М.--Э. 3, 96; Младенов 655; Перссон 700; Торп 461 и сл.; Сольмсен, Unters. gr. Lautl. 278). В стороне остается греч. καίνυμαι "превосхожу", ирл. cáin "прекрасный, приветливый", вопреки Бецценбергеру (у Стокса 64), а также алб. si, sü "глаз", вопреки Г. Майеру (Alb. Wb. 383); см. Педерсен, KZ 36, 318.
Pages: 3,629
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-pages,

Search within this database


Germanic etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Germanic: *skīnan- vb., *skīna-z, -n, *skīnō(n), *skīmēn, *skimēn, *skimrian- vb.
Meaning: shine, shimmer
IE etymology: IE etymology
Gothic: skīnan st. `shine, gleam'; *skīma `torch'
Old Norse: skīna st. `scheinen'; skin n. `Glanz, Licht'; skim n., skimi m. `Glanz, Licht', ? skī n. `Verstellung; Zauberei'; skjār m. `durchsichtige Kalbshaut als Fensterscheibe'
Norwegian: skina vb.; skin; skime `kurzer Schimmer, Verwirrung'; dial. skim `schwacher Glanz, Nordlicht'
Old Swedish: skina vb.; skir adj.
Swedish: dial. skim 'schwacher Glanz, Nordlicht'; sken; skär adj.; dial. skia `weissgefleckte Kuh'
Danish: skine vb.; skin
Old English: scīnan `scheinen, leuchten, glänzen', scima m. `Schatten', scīma m. `Licht, Klarheit', scimrian `glanzen', scīn n. `wonderlijke verschijning, spook'
English: shine, shimmer
Old Frisian: skīna vb.; skīn m., n.? `(zonne)schijn', skīn n., skīne f. `bewijs'; skymrian
Old Saxon: skīnan; skīn m. `Schein, Glanz', { scima `Schatten' }, skimo, skīmo `Glanz, Schimmer'; skīr(i) `helder, duidelijk'
Middle Dutch: scīnen; scēmeren `met een schaduw bedekt zijn; glanzen, flikkeren, schitteren'; scēme m., n., f. `schaduw, schim, lichtglans'; scim, scem `schaduw; schim'; scijn m., n., scīne m., f. `glans, schijn, uiterlijk, wezen, manier, toestand, blijk, bewijs, akte'
Dutch: schijnen; schemeren; schim f.; schijn m.
Middle Low German: schīnen; schēmeren `beschaduwen, donker zijn, worden of maken, schemeren', scimeringe `schemering'; schēme
Old High German: skīnan (8.Jh.) `scheinen, leuchten, glänzen', skīn {m.} (9.Jh.) `Schein', skīmo (8.Jh.) m. `Glanz, Schimmer'; skema '= larva, persona' (11.Jh.)
Middle High German: schīnen st. 'strahlen, glänzen, leuchten, erscheinen, sichtbar erden, dem Schein nach (aber nicht in Wirklichkeit) sein'; schëm(e) wk./st. m. `Schatten(bild), verlarvte, maskierte Erscheinung', scheim st. m. 'glanz, schimmer; larve, maske; schaum'; schīn st. m. 'Strahl, Glanz, Helligkeit, Sichtbarkeit, sichtbarer Beweiss'; schīm(e) st./wk. m. 'strahl, glanz, schimmer'; EaHG niederrhein. schimmen (um 1300), md. schemen (15.Jh.) 'blinken, funkeln'
German: scheinen; Schein m.; Schemen m., Scheme m. (noch in 18.Jh.); schimmern
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-got,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-oswed,germet-swed,germet-dan,germet-oengl,germet-engl,germet-ofris,germet-osax,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-mlg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,

Search within this database


Pokorny's dictionary :

Search within this database
Number: 1714
Root: sk̂āi-, sk̂ǝi- : sk̂ī-
English meaning: to glimmer (of wet things); shadow
German meaning: `gedämpft schimmern; Schatten (Abglanz)'
Derivatives: sk̂ii̯ā- `Schatten'; sk̂ī-ro- `klar'
Material: Ai. chāyā́ `Glanz, Schimmer, Schatten', av. a-saya- `wer keinen Schatten wirft', np. sāya `Schatten, Schutz';

    gr. σκιά̄ f. (sk̂ii̯-ā) `Schatten', σκιερός, hom. σκιόεις `schattig, dunkel', σκίρον `Sonnenschirm' (formal = alb. hir, mit Länge got. skeirs); mit der Stufe sk̂ā[i]-: σκηνή, dor.σκᾱνά̄ `Zelt, Bühne, Szene', σκη̃νος, dor. σκα̃νος n. `Zelt; Leib (als Hülle der Seele)'; σκη̃ν `Schmetterling, Motte' Hes.; σκίναρ n. `Leib';

    alb. , hie `Schatten' (*sk̂ii̯ā), hir `Gnade' (= gr. σκίρον), (h)ona `Schatten' (*skēi-n-?), geg. huj `Gott';

    aisl. skī n. `Heuchelei' (: gr. σκιά̄), got. skeinan `scheinen, leuchten, glänzen', aisl. skīna ds., ahd. ags. scīnan ds., nhd. scheinen (n-Präs., vgl. aksl. sinǫti; ob auch in lat.scintilla `Funke' eine Bildung von einem ähnlichen Ausgangspunkt aus vorliegt, ist fraglich (Ableitung eines *sk̂i-nto- `glänzend'?); aisl. skīn n., as. skīn, ahd. scīn m. `Schein, Glanz'; ags. as. scima, mhd. scheme `Schatten', nhd. Schemen `schattenhafte Gestalt', aisl. skimi m. `Glanz', nhd. schimmern, Schimmel usw.; got. skeima `Leuchte, Fackel', ahd. as. scīmo, ags. scīma m. `Licht, Glanz'; mhd. scheim ds.; ohne s- wohl norw. hīm, hīma, wie skīm `dünne Decke, Häutchen' (als `durchscheinend', vgl.:) aisl. skjār m. `durchsichtige Haut, Fensterrahmen'; got.skeirs `klar', aisl. skīrr, ags. scīr `durchsichtig, hell, rein', mhd. (md.) schīr `lauter', nhd. schier; aisl. skǣrr `rein, klar' (*skairi-r), afries. skēria `reinigen';

    lett. seja (*k̂ei̯ā) `Schatten, Spiegelbild, Gesicht';

    aksl. sijati, sinǫti `glänzen, hell werden', sěnь `Schatten' (neben stěnь für *scěnь); čech. čirý `lauter', russ. ščíryj `wahrhaft, echt' (got. Lw.?), ksl. *širъ `offen', Adv. širý usw.;

    toch. В skiyo `Schatten' (= gr. σκιά̄).

References: WP. II 535 f., WH. I 131, Jokl L.-U. 60 ff., Trautmann 304.
Pages: 917-918
PIE database: PIE database
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-derivative,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,

Search within this database


Altaic etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Altaic: *sằja ( ~ z-)
Nostratic: Nostratic
Meaning: clear, dawn
Russian meaning: ясный, рассвет
Tungus-Manchu: *saj-
Korean: *sāi-
Japanese: *sàjà-
Comments: An Eastern isogloss. Dag. sajarin 'dawn' is probably < Tung.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,

Search within this database


Tungus etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *saj-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: 1 dawn 2 to dawn 3 light 4 clear, bright
Russian meaning: 1 рассвет, заря 2 рассветать 3 свет 4 светлый, светловатый
Evenki: sajirūl- 2, sajirūlǯarī 1, (dial.) šajama 3, hājeme 4
Comments: ТМС 2, 55, 309, 423. Attested only in Evk., with probable parallels in Kor. and Jpn.
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-reference,

Search within this database


Korean etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Korean: *sāi-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: to dawn
Russian meaning: рассветать
Modern Korean: sǟ-
Middle Korean: sāi-
Comments: Nam 295, KED 921.
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,

Search within this database


Japanese etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Japanese: *sàjà-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: clear, light
Russian meaning: светлый, ясный
Old Japanese: saja, saja-ke-
Middle Japanese: sàjà, sàjà-ke-
Tokyo: sáyaka
Kyoto: sàyákà
Kagoshima: sayaká
Comments: JLTT 520.
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,

Search within this database


Kartvelian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Kartvelian: *ca-
Nostratic: Nostratic
Russian meaning: небо
English meaning: sky
Georgian: ca-
Megrel: ca-
Svan: cā-š
Svan meaning (Rus.): четверг
Svan meaning (Eng.): Thursday
Laz: (m)ca-, (n)ca-
Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 222, EWK 443-444. Климов сравнивает основу с ПСК *ʒǝ̆wɨ̆ 'небо' (NCED 1092-1093), что сомнительно по фонетическим соображениям. Возможно, лучше сопоставить с ПИЕ *sḱeiǝ- 'сиять, мерцать', урал. *śäjä 'мерцать, светиться', драв. *cāj 'блеск', для которых Иллич-Свитыч (ОСНЯ 1, 199) восстанавливает *c̣äjḥa, хотя возможна и реконструкция *cäjV.
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-meg,kartet-sva,kartet-svmean,kartet-esvmean,kartet-laz,kartet-notes,

Search within this database


Dravidian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Dravidian : *sāj- (*c-)
Meaning : beauty, light
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Proto-South Dravidian: *Sāj-
Notes : Cf. also Kui sānja 'to be proper, beautiful'.
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-notes,

Search within this database


South Dravidian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-South Dravidian : *Sāj-
Meaning : brilliance, beauty
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Tamil : cāy
Tamil meaning : brilliance, light, beauty, colour, fame, reputation
Tamil derivates : cāyam colour, tinge, tint, dye, true colour, real nature; cāyal beauty, gracefulness, colour, likeness, resemblance, reflected image, shadow; āy (-v-, -nt-) to be or become beautiful; n. beauty; ai beauty; aitu that which is beautiful, beauty; aiya beautiful
Malayalam : cāy
Malayalam meaning : beauty
Malayalam derivates : cāyam colour, dye, paint; cāyal shape, figure, resemblance, beauty, colour
Kodagu : cāy
Kodagu meaning : beauty
Kodagu derivates : cāylɨ well (adv.); cāykārë handsome man; fem. cāykarati
Proto-Nilgiri : *Sāv-ĭ
Number in DED : 2457
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-kod,sdret-kodmean,sdret-kodder,sdret-kt,sdret-dednum,

Search within this database


Nilgiri etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Nilgiri : *Sāv-ĭ
Meaning : colour
South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology
Kota : cāyv
Number in DED : 2457
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-dednum,

Search within this database


Long-range etymologies :

Search within this database
Borean (approx.) : CVJV
Meaning : to blink, shine, shade
Eurasiatic : *CajV
Afroasiatic : *ĉ̣uḥay- ?
Sino-Caucasian : *c̣ăjɨ̆
African (misc.) : Cf. Macro-Khoisan *ʒ́o[a] "ashes".
Reference : ОСНЯ 1, 199 (*c̣äjħa)
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-afr,globet-reference,

Search within this database


Afroasiatic etymology :

Search within this database
etymology.cgi needs just one record for every base, 0 found

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *c̣ăjɨ̆
Meaning: fire, brilliance
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
North Caucasian: *c̣ăjɨ̆
Sino-Tibetan: *ʒāj(H)
Burushaski: *śi
Basque: *śu
Comments and references : NSC 52 *c̣AjV, DCE 23. Differently (: PNC *ʒ_wahrī `star') in WFR 16, LV B29 (but cf. under *ʒwahrī).
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-buru,sccet-basq,sccet-notes,

Search within this database


North Caucasian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-North Caucasian: *c̣ăjɨ̆
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: fire
Proto-Nakh: *c̣e
Proto-Avaro-Andian: *c̣aʔi
Proto-Tsezian: *c̣ǝ A
Proto-Lak: c̣u
Proto-Dargwa: *ċa
Proto-Lezghian: *c̣aj
Proto-Khinalug: č̣ä
Proto-West Caucasian: *mAc̣ʷa
Notes: One of the most reliable and stable common NC lexemes. The PWC form has a prefixed *ma- of somewhat obscure origin; the labialisation of *c̣ʷ must be explained either by the labialising influence of *m- or by the former oblique base vocalism *-ŭ- (suggested by PL obl. base *c̣ojɨ- / *c̣a(j)-rV-). See Trubetzkoy 1930, 276; Abdokov 1983, 98.

    Many languages reflect an old oblique base formed with the *-rV suffix (*c̣aj-rV-), cf. PN *c̣ari-, PA *c̣ari- (reflected in Akhv. č̣ari), Lak. *c̣ara-, PL *c̣a(j)-rV-. The same stem with reduplication is probably reflected in PL *c̣arc̣ar 'luster, glitter' (Tab., Lezg. c̣arc̣ar) exactly corresponding to PAT *cǝrǝcǝrǝ 'to glitter' (Abkh. a-cǝrcǝr-ra, Abaz. cǝrcǝr-ra) (with the same loss of glottalisation and absence of labialisation as in *mǝca 'fire').

    Another old derivate of the same root is probably PNC *c̣aj-lV 'brilliance, lightning' reflected in PN *stēla (~*sṭ-) ( > Chech. stēla-ʕad 'rainbow', stēla-χäštig 'lightning', /Usl./ stēla 'thunder', Ing. sela-ʕad 'rainbow'), Lak. c̣aj 'brilliance, glitter', PD *c̣ala (Ak. c̣ala 'sparkle', Chir. c̣ala-laIm 'lightning') and PAK *c̣ǝ-wǝ- (with a verbal stem *-wǝ-) 'to shine, glitter' (Ad. Bzhed. c̣ǝ-wǝ-, Kab. c̣ǝ-wǝ-). Note that *-j, having passed to word-medial position in PN, has caused the shift *c̣- > *st- (*sṭ-); note also the absence of labialisation in PAK *c̣ (without the prefixed *mV-).

caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-khin,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,

Search within this database


Nakh etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Nakh: *c̣e
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: fire
Chechen: c̣e
Ingush: c̣i
Batsbi: c̣e
Comments: PN paradigm: *c̣e, *c̣ari- (Chech. c̣era-, Ing. c̣ero, Bacb. c̣ari-); 4th class.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,

Search within this database


Avar-Andian etymology :

Search within this database
Protoform: *c̣aʔi
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: fire
Avar: c̣a
Chadakolob: č̣a
Andian language: c̣a
Akhvakh: č̣ari
Chamalal: c̣ā
Tindi: c̣ā
Karata: c̣aj
Botlikh: c̣aj
Bagvalal: c̣aj
Godoberi: c̣aji
Comments: Av. paradigm C (c̣e-l/c̣a-dúl, c̣ája-l). Cf. also Cham. Gig. c̣aj, Gad. lā, Kar. Tok. c̣e, Arch.,Rach. c̣aji. The Akhv. form reflects an archaic oblique base *c̣ari-.

    In most Andian languages the verb 'burn' is derived from this root (cf. And. c̣a-to-, Akhv. č̣o-ru-, Cham. c̣ah-, Tind. c̣ahal- etc.).

aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-and,aandet-akv,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-krt,aandet-btl,aandet-bgv,aandet-gdb,aandet-comment,

Search within this database


Tsezian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Tsezian: *c̣ǝ A
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: fire
Tsezi: c̣i
Ginukh: č̣e
Khvarshi: c̣a
Inkhokvari: c̣o
Bezhta: c̣o
Gunzib: c̣ǝ
Comments: PTsKh *c̣ǝ, PGB *c̣ǝ.
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-cez,cezet-gin,cezet-khv,cezet-inh,cezet-bzt,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,

Search within this database


Lak etymology :

Search within this database
Lak root: c̣u
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: fire
Lak form: c̣u
Comments: 4th class. Obl. base c̣ara-.
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,

Search within this database


Dargwa etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Dargwa: *c̣a
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: fire
Akusha: c̣a
Chiragh: c̣a
Comments: Cf. also Ur., Kub., Tsud. c̣a etc.
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-chr,darget-comment,

Search within this database


Lezghian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Lezghian: *c̣aj
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: fire
Lezghian: c̣aj
Tabasaran: c̣a
Agul: c̣a
Rutul: c̣aj
Tsakhur: c̣a
Kryz: c̣ä
Budukh: c̣ǝ
Archi: oc̣
Udi: aruχ
Comment: The oblique base must be reconstructed as *c̣ojɨ- with Ablaut (cf. Lezg. c̣u-, Khl. jɨc̣ɨ-, Tab. c̣i-, Ag. c̣i-, Rut., Kryz. c̣ɨ-; with vowel levelling Tsakh. c̣ajɨ-, Bud. c̣ǝji-). There also must have existed a parallel *-r-base *c̣o(j)-rV-, cf. Arch. loc. c̣ere-qI and the Udi a-r-uχ (originally a plural form). 4th class in all class-distinguishing languages.

    See Trubetzkoy 1930, 83; Лексика 1971, 193; Гигинейшвили 1977, 100; Талибов 1980, 296.

lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-krz,lezget-bud,lezget-arc,lezget-udi,lezget-comment,

Search within this database


Khinalug etymology :

Search within this database
Khinalug root: č̣ä
North Caucasian etymology: 38
Meaning: fire
Khinalug form: č̣ä
khinet-prnum,khinet-meaning,khinet-khi,

Search within this database


Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-West-Caucasian: *mAc̣ʷa
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: fire
Abkhaz: á-mca
Abaza: mca
Adyghe: mās.̌a
Kabardian: māf̣a
Ubykh: mǝǯ́á
Comments: PAT *mǝca (cf. also Bzyb. á-mca). PAK *mac̣ʷá. Ub. def. á-mǯ́a. The root presents some irregularities. The PAT and Ub. forms reveal a secondary delabialisation (PAT *mǝca < *mǝcʷa; Lomtatidze (1942, 862, 865) is probably right in assuming that the original labialized form is preserved in PAT *macʷǝ-śǝ 'lightning' ("fire"+"beat"); Ub. mǝǯ́á < *mǝʒʷa). The same languages also have lost glottalisation. The most archaic form (judging from the external evidence) is PAK *mac̣ʷá.

    Cf. also PAT *cʷǝ- in *cʷǝ-mǝsa 'tinder' ( = PL *c̣ojɨ-mäs, see under *mä̆sA); this is probably the only trace of the prefixless stem in WC languages.

abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-abk,abadet-aba,abadet-adg,abadet-kab,abadet-ubk,abadet-comment,

Search within this database


Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ʒāj(H)
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: white, brilliant
Chinese: *chājʔ white and brilliant.
Tibetan: gzi shine, brightness.
Burmese: sa to shine (of moon, sun).
Kachin: (H) ǯan ze to shine, as the sun (ǯan).
Kiranti: Kulung cha-ma blaze
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,stibet-kach,stibet-kir,

Search within this database


Chinese characters :

Search within this database
Character:
Modern (Beijing) reading: cuō
Preclassic Old Chinese: shāj
Classic Old Chinese: shāj
Western Han Chinese: shāj
Eastern Han Chinese: shǟ
Early Postclassic Chinese: shā
Middle Postclassic Chinese: shā
Late Postclassic Chinese: shā
Middle Chinese: châ
English meaning : be white, bright
Comments: Also read *shājʔ, MC chấ (FQ 千可) id.
Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology
Radical: 0
Four-angle index: 0
Karlgren code: 0005 i
Shijing occurrences: 47.3
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-shijing,

Search within this database


Burushaski etymology :

Search within this database
Common Burushaski: *śi
Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology
Meaning: fireplace, hearth
Hunza: śi
Nagar: śi
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,

Search within this database


Basque etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Basque: *śu
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: fire
Bizkaian: su
Gipuzkoan: su
High Navarrese: su
Low Navarrese: su
Salazarese: su
Lapurdian: su
Baztanese: su
Aezkoan: su
Zuberoan:
Roncalese: su
Comments: An exceptional form with a fossilized class prefix is Araban itsu 'fire' in itsu arri 'flint' < *i=ću har̄i 'fire stone' = (c) su(h)arri 'flint'.
basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-bzk,basqet-gip,basqet-anv,basqet-bnv,basqet-sal,basqet-lab,basqet-bzt,basqet-azk,basqet-zbr,basqet-rnc,basqet-comments,

Search within this database

Select another database
Change viewing parameters
Total pages generatedPages generated by this script
5968361417812
Help
StarLing database serverPowered byCGI scripts
Copyright 1998-2003 by S. StarostinCopyright 1998-2003 by G. Bronnikov
Copyright 2005-2014 by Phil Krylov