Zhuang-Tai etymology :

Proto-Zhuang-Tai: *po:k

Meaning: peel

Thai-Kadai etymology: Thai-Kadai etymology

Siamese: pɔ:k

Longzhou Zhuang: po:k.7

Bouyei (Po-ai): po:k.7

Notes: Cf. Old Chinese 剝 *prōk 'to cut up, flay, peel, pluck'.

References: LFK: 62.

Tai-Kadai etymology :

Number: 6

Meaning: peel

Austric etymology: Austric etymology

Proto-Zhuang-Tai: *po:k

Proto-Kam-Sui: *po:k

Notes: Cf. Old Chinese 剝 *prōk 'to cut up, flay, peel, pluck'.

References: TKL: 116.

Kam-Sui etymology :

Proto-Kam-Sui: *po:k

Meaning: peel

Thai-Kadai etymology: Thai-Kadai etymology

Mulam: po:k.7

Kam (Southern Dong): po:k.7

Standard Sui: phjok.7 (?)

Austric etymology :

Proto-Austric: *bak

Meaning: skin

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Proto-Austroasiatic: *pɔ:k

Austroasiatic meaning: bark, skin

Proto-Austronesian: *bebak, *u(m)pak bark

Austronesian meaning: peeled, skinned

Austronesian code: 3:1

Proto-Thai: po:k to peel, skin; Kd *fak scabbard, pod

References: Ben 225, Peiros 1998, 79.

Austro-Asiatic etymology :

Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *pɔ:k

Meaning: bark, skin

Austric etymology: Austric etymology

Thai: po:k to peel, skin

Proto-Katuic: *pɔ[ʔ/k] V?

Proto-Bahnaric: *bɔ:k I?

Khmer: sǝmpɔ:k < OK sǝmpok

Proto-Pearic: SMR sambɔ:k.B < KMR

Proto-Vietic: *pɔk.3, kǝ-

Proto-Khmu: *pɔ:k, hǝN-

Proto-Aslian: TEM sɛmpo:ʔ

References: MK 14, S-240

Katuic etymology :

Proto-Katuic: *pɔ[ʔ/k]

Meaning: to peel

Presyllable: # / sǝ-

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Proto-West Katuic: BRU sǝpɔʔ.N

Proto-East Katuic: PAK pɔʔ

References: P-633

Notes: KUI mpuaʔ.B 'bark' < ? BAH

West Katuic etymology :

Proto-West Katuic:

Meaning: to peel

Katuic etymology: Katuic etymology

Bru: sǝpâʔ.N

Bru meaning: (of skin) to peel off

East Katuic etymology :

Proto-East Katuic:

Meaning: to peel

Katuic etymology: Katuic etymology

Pakoh: pɔʔ

Pakoh meaning: to peel

Bahnar etymology :

Proto-Bahnaric: *Bɔ:k

Meaning: bark

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Proto-West Bahnaric: *bɔ:k, ʔǝ-

Harak: mhbɔ:k

References: TB4.19

West Bahnaric etymology :

Proto-West- Bahnaric: *bɔ:k, ʔǝ-

Meaning: bark

Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology

Brao form: mbɔ:k

Brao meaning: bark

Other WB languages: LVH bɔ:k bark, Sap. mblɔ:k

References: JS-440

North-West Bahnaric etymology :

Proto-North-West- Bahnaric:

Meaning: bark of a tree

Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology

Tariang: mɔ:k

Harak etymology :

Proto-Harak: *bɔ:k, m-

Meaning: bark of a tree

Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology

Harak: mhbɔ:k

Alak: mbɔ:k

Khmer etymology :

Khmer: pak

Meaning: to peel, to skin; sǝmpak bark

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Old Khmer: sǝmpok

Old Khmer Meaning: sheath, cover, bark

References: P485; JP165

Pearic etymology :

Proto-Pearic: S < KMR

Meaning: bark

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Samre: sambɔ:k.B < KMR

Suoi Kompong: smâ:ʔ

Viet-Muong etymology :

Proto-Viet-Muong: *pɔk, kǝ-

Meaning: bark

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Aslian etymology :

Proto-Aslian:

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Meaning: skin

Temiar: sɛmpo:ʔ

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : PVKV

Meaning : skin, bark

Eurasiatic : *pVkV

Afroasiatic : *pVḳʷVʔ-

Sino-Caucasian : *bǟkwV

Austric : PAA *pɔ:k 'bark, skin', PAN *bebak 'peeled, skinned', *bakbak 'peel, bark'

Reference : (ND 1682, 1758 - with confusion).

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *pVkV

Meaning: scab

Borean: Borean

Kartvelian: *pakl- (?? ND 1758: Georg. pxa 'Nägelhäutchen'?)

Dravidian: *pak-

References: Fn. KD 19 (probably correct, desp. Dolg. in 1682).

Kartvelian etymology :

Proto-Kartvelian: *pakl-

Nostratic: Nostratic

Russian meaning: парша, чесотка

English meaning: scab, scabies

Georgian: pakl-

Georgian meaning (Rus.): Krätze, Räude, Grind

Georgian meaning (Engl.): Krätze, Räude, Grind

Laz: pukur-, pukir-, purk-, purḳ-

Laz meaning (Rus.): Blattern, Pocken

Laz meaning (Eng.): Blattern, Pocken

Notes and references: EWK 351-352.

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *pak-

Meaning : scab

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *pak-

Proto-Telugu : *pakk-

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *pak-

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *pak-

Meaning : scab

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : pakku

Tamil meaning : scab of a sore, dried mucus of the nose

Kannada : hakku

Kannada meaning : crusted or dry mucus or rheum, scab

Kannada derivates : hakkaḷe an incrustation

Number in DED : 3811

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *pakk-

Meaning : scab

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : pakku

Number in DED : 3811

Kolami-Gadba etymology :

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *pak-

Meaning : scab

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kondekor Gadba : pakku "dried portion of any bodily secretion, scab"

Number in DED : 3811

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *pVḳʷVʔ-

Meaning: bark, husk; to skin, peel; tan

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Semitic: *paḳʔ- 'placenta' ~ *pḳʔ 'skin' (v.), 'scrape, tan'

Western Chadic: *pakʷ- 'skin' (v.) 1, 'peel' 2, 'scrape bark, shave wood' 3

Central Chadic: *pVkʷ- 'peel, husk' (n.) 1, 'pluck off leaves, pinch' 2

East Chadic: *pVḳ- 'skin' (v.) 1, 'peel vegetables' 2

South Cushitic: *paḳ- 'bark'

Dahalo (Sanye): páḳo 'tree bark, half beehive'

Omotic: *foḳ- 'tan' 1, 'bark' 2

Notes: Same as *faḳ- 'tear open'?

Semitic etymology :

Number: 282

Proto-Semitic: *paḳʔ-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'skin' (v.) 1, 'scrape, tan' 2, 'placenta' 3

Syrian Aramaic: pḳʔ 1

Arabic: faḳʔ- 3

Amharic: faḳä 2

West Chadic etymology :

Proto-WChadic: *pakʷ-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'skin' (v.)1, 'peel' 2, 'scrape bark, shave wood' 3

Angas: pok [Fl] 1

Boghom: pwok 2 [Cs]

Ngizim: pà-pkú 3 [ShN]

Central Chadic etymology :

Proto-CChadic: *pVkʷ-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'peel, husk (of grain)' (n.)

Mofu-Gudur: -pokw- [BMof]

Mafa=Matakam: to-pokw- [BMof] ( glume de mil )

East Chadic etymology :

Proto-EChadic: *pVḳ-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'skin' (v.) 1, 'peel vegetables' 2

Tumak: pǝ̀g 1 [Cp]

Ndam: pǝ̄gǝ̂ 1 [Jg]

Kera: póké 2 [Eb]

South Cushitic etymology :

Proto-South Cushitic: *paḳ-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'bark'

Qwadza (Ngomvia): paʔuko

Notes: <*paʔ- <*paḳ- plus the -uko noun suffix. Ehr HRSC 143.

Dahalo etymology :

Dahalo: paḳo

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'tree bark, half beehive'

Omotic etymology :

Proto-Omotic: *foḳ-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'tan' 1, 'bark' 2

Ometo: foḳ 1; Wol foḳo Bl, fokuwa Lam 2

Kafa (Kaficho): fōča Bend 2 (-č- <*k <*ḳ?)

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *bǟkwV

Meaning: skin, leather

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *wǟkwV (~*b-,-ō-)

Sino-Tibetan: *Pāk (~ɔ̄k, -ǝ̄k)

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *wǟkwV (~*b-,-ō-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: skin (of animals)

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *bikʷi

Proto-Tsezian: *bek

Notes: An Av.-And.-Cez. isogloss.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *bikʷV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 goat skin 2 fur coat (with long sleeves)

Chamalal: boč 1

Tindi: boka 1

Godoberi: buki 1

Comments: Cf. also Cham. Gig. buči id. The word was borrowed into some Tsezian languages (with the secondary meaning 'fur coat'): Inkh., Tsez., Gin. boko.

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *bek

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: skin (of cattle)

Tsezi: bik

Ginukh: bik

Comments: PTsKh *bek.

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *Pāk

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: skin, hide

Chinese: � *phāk hide soaked in rain, � *pāk leather strap.

Tibetan: pags, lpags skin, hide; the peel.

Kiranti: Yamphu sip-präk 'bark, shell'

Comments: Cf. Karen *b̄Vʔ.1L 'skin, bark'.

Chinese characters :

Character: �

Modern (Beijing) reading: pao

Preclassic Old Chinese: phāk

Classic Old Chinese: phāk

Western Han Chinese: phāk

Eastern Han Chinese: phāk

Early Postclassic Chinese: phāk

Middle Postclassic Chinese: phāk

Late Postclassic Chinese: phāk

Middle Chinese: phâk

English meaning : hide soaked in rain

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Kiranti etymology :

Proto-Kiranti: *Prak

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Meaning: bark, shell

Yamphu: sip-präk

Yamphu dictionary :

Entry: sippräk

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Grammar: n.

Meaning: the outer layer, i.e. shell, bark or skin.

Nepali: bokro

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