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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *q̇ǝmʕṓ
Meaning: box, vessel
Comments and references : WFR 99, LV B25.
sccet-meaning,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *q̇ǝmʕō
Meaning: trough, wooden vessel
Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Correspondences are regular.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-aand,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-khin,caucet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *q̇omi
Meaning: 1 trough 2 a round wooden trough
Andian language: q̇om 1 (Khaidakov)
Godoberi: ami 2
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-and,aandet-gdb,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: aImu
Meaning: wooden tub, trough
Lak form: aImu
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *q̇aIm
Meaning: dish, basin
Akusha: q̇aIm
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *q̇Iam: ( ~ -p:)
Meaning: 1 cradle 2 trough (for dough)
Lezghian: q̇eb 1
Tabasaran: q̇Iab 1,2
Agul: q̇Iab 1,2
Rutul: q̇Iab 1
Kryz: q̇u-su 1
Budukh: q̇ab-su 1
Comment: Cf. also Lezg. erg. q̇eṗini, Khl. q̇Iäb, q̇Iäṗe-ni. Obl. base *q̇Iam:a- (*q̇Iap:a-), cf. Tab. q̇Iaba-, Ag. q̇Iaba-, Rut. q̇Iábɨ-. 3d class in all class-distinguishing languages. Bud. and Kryz. reflect a compound with a not quite clear second component. Since there are no Arch., Ud. and Tsakh. reflexes (Tsakh. q̇Iab, attested only in the Mishlesh dialect, is most probably borrowed from Rutul), one can reconstruct both *-p: and *-m:; the latter seems preferable because of external evidence. See Магометов 1966, 340.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-krz,lezget-bud,lezget-comment,
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Khinalug etymology :
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Khinalug root: q̇am
North Caucasian etymology: 1503
Meaning: spoon
Khinalug form: q̇am
khinet-prnum,khinet-meaning,khinet-khi,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *q(h)ǝ̄m
Meaning: box, receptacle
Tibetan: sgam chest, box, trunk.
Burmese: am desk drawer.
Lushai: ēm a generic name for several kinds of baskets.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,stibet-lush,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 函
Modern (Beijing) reading: hán
Preclassic Old Chinese: g(h)ǝ̄m
Classic Old Chinese: g(h)ǝ̄m
Western Han Chinese: gǝ̄m (~ ɣ-)
Eastern Han Chinese: gǝ̄m (~ ɣ-)
Early Postclassic Chinese: gǝ̄m (~ ɣ-)
Middle Postclassic Chinese: gǝ̄m (~ ɣ-)
Late Postclassic Chinese: gǝ̄m (~ ɣ-)
Middle Chinese: ɣʌm
English meaning : to contain; container, box
Russian meaning[s]: 1) письмо; официальное письмо (отношение); 2) ящик, футляр, ножны, колчан; 3) вмещать, содержать; 4) древн. доспехи, латы
Comments: Regular Sino-Viet. is hàm.
Radical: 17
Four-angle index: 962
Karlgren code: 0643 a-f
Vietnamese reading: hòm
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-viet,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 491
Character: 函
MC description : 咸開一平覃匣
ZIHUI: 0428 1754
Beijing: xan 12
Jinan: xã 12
Xi'an: xã 12
Taiyuan: xä̃ 1
Hankou: xan 12
Chengdu: xan 12
Yangzhou: xɛ̃ 12
Suzhou: ɦö 12
Wenzhou: ɦa 12
Changsha: xan 12
Shuangfeng: ɣã 12
Nanchang: hɔn 12
Meixian: ham 12
Guangzhou: hām 12
Xiamen: ham 12
Chaozhou: ham 12
Fuzhou: xaŋ 12
Shanghai: ɦe_ 32
Zhongyuan yinyun: xiam 12
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *kam(a) ( ~ q-, h-)
Meaning: vessel, dish
Kottish: ham, pl. hāmaŋ, Ass. (Kl.) hama
Comments: Werner 1, 298 *qam(ǝ).
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-kot,yenet-notes,
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