Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *xqŏnʡV

Meaning: yard, building

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *qŏnʡV

Sino-Tibetan: *kʷān

Comments and references : WFR 63. Cf. Navajo -ɣàn `home; dwelling; corral (for horses, sheep); (animal's) den, burrow'; hṑ-ɣàn `hogan; native dwelling' ?

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *qŏnʡV

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: yard, enclosure

Proto-Nakh: *qVwe

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *qVnV ( ~ χ-)

Proto-Lak: quI

Proto-Lezghian: *χIan(a)

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Reflexes of the root in some languages are very close to those of PEC *χħǟnɨ 'door, part of door' (q.v.), due to a merger of *q and *χ; but the two roots are certainly opposed.

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *qVwe

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 enclosure for sheep 2 pen, enclosure

Chechen: qī

Ingush: qij

Comments: 5th class in Chech., 3d class in Ing. Without Bacbi it is impossible to establish the quality of the medial consonant (*w,*j,*d,*b or *g).

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *qVnV ( ~ χ-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: palace

Avar: hin

Comments: Av. paradigm C or A (pl. hún-dul).

Lak etymology :

Lak root: quI

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: yard

Lak form: quI

Comments: Gen. quIni-l.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *χIan(a)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 door 2 enclosure, yard

Lezghian: χen 1

Archi: χIan 2

Comment: The root is very similar to PL *χ:Ian (q.v.), but they are opposed in Lezghi and have different EC origins.

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *kʷān

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: dwelling

Chinese: 官 *kʷān official's residence, office.

Burmese: kwanh temporary building for royal abode, temple.

Kachin: kun² the side of a Kachin house, assigned for family compartments.

Chinese characters :

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : KVNV

Meaning : yard, building

Afroasiatic : *g(w)a/in(y/H)- ?

Sino-Caucasian : *xqŏnʡV

Austric : PAA *kVŋ 'field, village, house', PAN *kuan 'hamlet'.

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *g(w)a/in(y/H)-

Meaning: area, plot of land producing edible plants

Semitic: *gann- 'garden'

Berber: *gan 'tree; forest'

Western Chadic: *gwan- 'field, farm'

East Chadic: *ganH- 'field, farm'

Notes: (likely related to *g(w)ny/w/ʔ 'to cultivate, till field; to crop')

Semitic etymology :

Number: 1939

Proto-Semitic: *ga/inn-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: garden

Ugaritic: gn 'jardin, huerto' (DLU, 148)

Hebrew: gan (HAL, 198), gannā, *ginnā (Ibid. 199) 'garden'

Aramaic: gn (Cohen et al. 1970-, 147)

Judaic Aramaic: gīnnǝtā, gīnā (Ja., 240) id.

Syrian Aramaic: gannǝtā 'hortus' (Brock., 122)

Mandaic Aramaic: ginta 'garden' (DM, 91)

Arabic: ǯannat- 'jardin' (BK 1, 333; considered a loan from Arm., see LGz., 199), Alg. dial. ǯannat 'campagne' (BK 1, 333)

Epigraphic South Arabian: Sab. gnt 'garden, orchard' (SD, 50)

Notes: Cf. Gez. gannat 'garden, Paradise' (considered a loan from Syr.-Arm., see LGz., 199), Tgr. gänna, ǯännät, Tna ǯännät 'paradise', Amh. gannat 'garden, paradise', Mhr gǝnnēt, Hrs. gennét, Jib. gént, Soq. gínnǝh 'paradise' (Cohen et al. 1970-, 147; all are loanwords)

Berber etymology :

Proto-Berber: *gan

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'tree; forest'

Semlal: ta-gän-t 'forêt' Dest 132

Canarian: Ferro gan 'el arbol santo' W 448

West Chadic etymology :

Proto-WChadic: *gwan-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'field'

Hausa: gṓnā́

Fyer: hagôn [JgR]

Sha: gòŋ [JgR]

Daffo-Butura: góŋ [JgR]

East Chadic etymology :

Proto-EChadic: *ganH-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'field'

Migama: gàn [JMig]

Bidiya: gàŋ [JBid]

Austric etymology :

Proto-Austric: *kVʔn

Meaning: village

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Proto-Austroasiatic: *kVŋ (cf. also *kVŋ house)

Austroasiatic meaning: field, village

Proto-Austronesian: *kuan

Austronesian meaning: hamlet; kin-based residential unit

Notes: (or to prnum 661?)

Austro-Asiatic etymology :

Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *kVŋ

Meaning: field, village

Austric etymology: Austric etymology

Proto-Palaungic: *kaɨŋ

Proto-Khmu: *kuŋ

Khmer etymology :

Khmer: craoh

Meaning: to filter

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Comments: JP derive the word from *raoh to drain

References: JP280

Viet-Muong etymology :

Proto-Viet-Muong:

Meaning: dyke

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Thavung-So: tako:ŋ.3

Thavung-So meaning: low dyke around rice fields

Palaung-Wa etymology :

Proto-Palaung-Wa: *kaɨŋ

Meaning: field (wet)

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Proto-Wa: *kaɨŋ

Proto-Plang: *k[aɨ/ǝ]ŋ

Proto-De'ang: **ku:ŋ

Proto-Angku: *kuŋ

Wa etymology :

Proto-Wa:

Meaning: wet rice field

Palaung-Wa etymology: Palaung-Wa etymology

Paraok: kaɨŋ

Paraok meaning: wet rice field

Wa: kAŋ, ban-

Wa meaning: wet rice field

Ava: kaiŋ

References: D-124: *kɨŋ

Plang etymology :

Proto-Plang: *k[aɨ/ǝ]ŋ

Meaning: wet rice field

Palaung-Wa etymology: Palaung-Wa etymology

Bulang: kɨŋ.1

Bulang meaning: dam, embankment

Samtao (Diffloth): kɨŋ.1

Samtao (Diffloth) meaning: wet rice field

Angku etymology :

Proto-Angku: *kuŋ

Meaning: wet rice field

Palaung-Wa etymology: Palaung-Wa etymology

Pangpin: khuk.55

Hu: khuŋ.1

References: WW-28; 91:78

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