Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ɦemƛ̣Ă

Meaning: dream

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *ɦemƛ̣Ă

Sino-Tibetan: *mǝ̆ŋ (/ *mǝ̆k)

Burushaski: *-wélʒ́i

Basque: *lainho

Comments and references : There is some confusion with another root, cf. PNC *=HVwƛ̣_Ān `to sleep', *nhewƛ̣_ŭ ( < *mhewƛ̣_ŭ ?) `sleep'; PST *mīɫ `sleep'; ?Bur. Yas. nal, Hun., Ngr. -jál `shadow'; Bsq. *lainho 'mist, fog' (221), like Godoberi hanlu, etc. cf. LV A19, DCE 33.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *ɦemƛ̣Ă

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: dream

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *honƛ̣V (~ħ-,-a-,-m-)

Proto-Lak: anḳa-ṭun

Proto-Dargwa: *hanḳ

Proto-Lezghian: *hIemƛ̣(a) (~-ä-)

Proto-Khinalug: miḳä

Proto-West Caucasian: *pǝƛ̣ǝ

Notes: An interesting common NC root (sometimes contaminating with *nhewƛ̣_ŭ 'sleep, dream' q.v., but surely different, because reflexes of these two stems are opposed in many languages). PWC has a frequent labial prefix. The original meaning (preserved in many languages) is "dream, slumber"; Andian languages demonstrate a non-trivial semantic development "dream" > *"vision" > "cloud". Phonetically the Andian forms fit in very well, and the word has no other etymology, thus it seems worth to accept such a semantic change.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *honƛ̣V (~ħ-,-a-,-m-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 fog 2 cloud

Chamalal: hãla 1

Tindi: hinawu 2

Karata: hanƛ̣u 1,2

Godoberi: hanlu 1,2

Comments: Cf. also Cham. Gig. hanna. The Tind. form is not quite clear (cf. also the notation in Лексика: Tind. hinalu).

Lak etymology :

Lak root: anḳa-ṭun

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to doze, slumber

Lak form: anḳa-ṭun

Comments: A compound verb (with the nominal part anḳa- and the auxiliary verb -ṭun).

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *hanḳ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: sleep (n.)

Akusha: hanḳ

Comments: Cf. also Kait. anḳa-la id.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *hIemƛ̣(a) (~-ä-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 dream, sleep 2 in dream, while sleeping

Agul: emḳ́ 1

Archi: miḳí-r 2

Comment: Cf. also Ag. Tp. ʕemḳ 'dream'. This root should be kept strictly apart from PL *näwƛ̣ 'dream' q.v.

Khinalug etymology :

Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *pǝƛ̣ǝ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: dream, sleep (n.)

Abkhaz: a-pχǝ́z

Abaza: pχǝz

Adyghe: ṗč̣ǝħāṗ

Kabardian: ṗṣǝħāṗa, ṗṣǝħ

Ubykh: ṗć̣a-bIá

Comments: PAT *pǝxǝ-ʒǝ (cf. also Bzyb. a-pxǝ́ʒ); PAK *ṗč̣́ǝ-ħá, *ṗč̣́ǝ-ħáṗa. All three subgroups have compounds with not quite clear second components, but the identity of PAT *pǝxǝ-, PAK *ṗč̣́ǝ- and Ub. ṗć̣a- ( < PWC *pǝƛ̣ǝ-) is beyond doubt.

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *mǝ̆ŋ (/ *mǝ̆k)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: dream

Chinese: 夢 *mhǝŋs dream.

Tibetan: rmaŋ-lam dream.

Burmese: mak to dream, LB *mak; (Ben.) hmaŋ-ća-saŋ walk in sleep, hmaŋ-tak-miʔ to be possessed (applied to somnambulism).

Kachin: maŋ¹ to dream.

Lushai: maŋ (man) to dream, KC *maŋ.

Lepcha: moŋ a dream

Kiranti: *mǝ̀k // *mǝ̀ŋ

Comments: PG *maŋ^L dream; Thankur mǝŋ dream; Miri im-maŋ; BG: Garo dźu-maŋ, Bodo si-máŋ dream; Kham mǝN; Kanauri maŋ; Rawang ip-maŋ; Trung mlaŋ¹. Sh. 38, 139, 410, 444; Ben. 31; Mat. 169. ?Cf. Khmer srǝmaǝŋ 'half asleep'.

Chinese characters :

Character: 夢

Modern (Beijing) reading: mèng

Preclassic Old Chinese: mhǝŋs

Classic Old Chinese: mhǝŋh

Western Han Chinese: mhǝŋh

Eastern Han Chinese: mhǝŋh

Early Postclassic Chinese: mhɨ̀ŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: mhɨ̀ŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: mhɨ̀ŋ

Middle Chinese: mǜŋ

English meaning : to dream

Russian meaning[s]: 1) сон, сновидение; видеть сон; грезы, мечты, видения; 2) неясный, смутный

Shuowen gloss: 不明也.從夕.**省聲. [315]

Comments: Also read *mhǝŋ, MC müŋ (FQ 莫中), Pek. méng 'be blind to, unenlightened' (cf. 蒙). Cf. also Viet. mo' 'to dream' (with a loss of the final nasal after a nasal initial). For *mh- cf. Min forms: Xiamen baŋ⁶, Chaozhou maŋ⁶, Fuzhou maöŋ⁵, moŋ⁵ (cf. also 懵 MC mǜŋ, Fuzhou moŋ⁵ 'dark, obscure, silly').

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 36

Four-angle index: 4153

Karlgren code: 0902 a-c

Vietnamese reading: mộng

Jianchuan Bai: mɨ3

Dali Bai: mɨ3-

Bijiang Bai: mɨ2

Chinese Dialects :

Number: 1797

Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology

Character: 夢

MC description : 通合三去送明

ZIHUI: 1125 2421

Beijing: mǝŋ 3

Jinan: mǝŋ 3

Xi'an: mǝŋ 3

Taiyuan: mǝŋ 3

Hankou: moŋ 3

Chengdu: moŋ 3

Yangzhou: mɔuŋ 3

Suzhou: moŋ 32

Wenzhou: moŋ 32

Changsha: moŋ 32

Shuangfeng: maŋ 32; mǝn 32

Nanchang: muŋ 32

Meixian: muŋ 3

Guangzhou: muŋ 32

Xiamen: bɔŋ 32 (lit.); baŋ 32

Chaozhou: maŋ 32

Fuzhou: mauŋ 32; mo_yŋ 32

Shanghai: moŋ 32

Zhongyuan yinyun: muŋ 3

Kiranti etymology :

Proto-Kiranti: *mǝ̀k / *mǝ̀ŋ

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Meaning: dream

Tulung: mat-

Kaling: monä (moŋɔ)

Limbu: mākmā (māktu)

Yamphu: makma

Comments: Cf. also *-mǝŋ in *sèmmǝŋ dream (n.)

Limbu dictionary :

Entry: ma:kmaʔ, -ma:kt-/-ma:k-

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Grammar: vt.

Meaning: see (in the expression: sɛpmaN ma:kmaʔ 'to dream').

Yamphu dictionary :

Entry: makma II

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Stem: <mag-/makt-/maks- ; mak->

Grammar: v.intr. & v.tr.

Meaning: to dream

Comments: semmaŋ.beʔ ekdam maʔ.in.u.ŋ.ä. (dream.LOC ek_dam dream.NP.о3.EXAG.FCT) I dream daily of it. sa:ro kiʔä semmaŋ makt.u.ŋ. (sāhro long dream dream.о3.EXAG) I had a really long dream.

Nepali: sapanā dekhnu

Burushaski etymology :

Common Burushaski: *-wélʒ́i

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: dream

Yasin: -wélʒ́i

Hunza: -úlʒ́i

Nagar: -úlʒ́i

Basque etymology :

Proto-Basque: *lainho

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 cloud 2 mist, fog 3 vapor

Bizkaian: laiño 2

Gipuzkoan: laiño, laño 2

High Navarrese: laño 2

Low Navarrese: lanho 3

Salazarese: laño, llano 2

Lapurdian: lanho 3

Baztanese: lano 1

Aezkoan: lano 2

Zuberoan: lãnhṹ 2

Roncalese: lano 2

Comments: Very similar in form and meaning to *lanbro (q.v.), but originally distinct.

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : HVMLV

Meaning : sleep, dream

Sino-Caucasian : *ɦemƛ̣Ă sleep ( + *mhewƛ̣_ŭ)

Amerind (misc.) : Almosan *m'aɫ 'sleep'; Hokan *mVl (under *maki 'die' R 165; not clear whether *maki itself belongs here)

Total pages generated Pages generated by this script 700814 1600548	Help
StarLing database server Powered by CGI scripts Copyright 1998-2003 by S. Starostin Copyright 1998-2003 by G. Bronnikov Copyright 2005-2014 by Phil Krylov