Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *xq̇ǟ́ŋʔV̆

Meaning: louse, flea

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *q̇_ǟnʔV

Sino-Tibetan: *khăŋ (~ gh-)

Yenisseian: *qǝʔń

Burushaski: *khen

Basque: *a=kain

Comments and references : BCD 27. Alternatively comparable with PST *kin `ant' (see WFR 60, DCE 16) [but cf. Bur. Hun., Nag. khon id.]

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *q̇_ǟnʔV

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: louse, nit; worm

Proto-Nakh: *ʁōn-

Proto-Lak: q̇Iunuq̇Iaj-šat:a

Proto-Dargwa: *q̇i

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. The Lak. form is reduplicated and contains expressive pharyngealization.

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *ʁōn-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: louse

Chechen: ʁēn-ig

Ingush: ʁon-g

Comments: The Chech. and Ing. forms both contain a diminutive suffix -g ( < *-Vḳ), but the Ing. form is derived from the old direct stem *ʁōn(V), while the Chech. form - from the old oblique stem *ʁān(V)-. 3d class in both languages.

Lak etymology :

Lak root: q̇Iunuq̇Iaj-šat:a

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: worm

Lak form: q̇Iunuq̇Iaj-šat:a

Comments: In lit. Lak the stem is only present within a compound; cf., however, Khosr. q̇Iunuq̇Ii 'worm'.

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *q̇i

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: nit

Akusha: q̇i

Comments: Cf. also Kharb., Tsud. q̇i.

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *khăŋ (~ gh-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: a k. of insect

Chinese: 蜣 *khaŋ beetle.

Burmese: kaŋh centipede, scorpion and other myriapoda.

Lepcha: tŭŋ-kjóŋ the stick-insect (?)

Chinese characters :

Character: 蜣

Modern (Beijing) reading: qiāng

Preclassic Old Chinese: khaŋ

Classic Old Chinese: khaŋ

Western Han Chinese: khaŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: khaŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: khaŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: khaŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: khaŋ

Middle Chinese: khaŋ

English meaning : beatle

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Karlgren code: 0712 e

Yenisseian etymology :

Proto-Yenisseian: *qǝʔń

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: flea

Ket: qʌʔń (КРС, Werner 2, 148)

Kottish: imgara-xon (Бол.) 'flea', xon 'beetle'

Comments: ССЕ 258. The Kott. compound contains imgara 'little' in the first part. Werner 2, 148.

Burushaski etymology :

Common Burushaski: *khen

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: flea

Yasin: khen

Hunza: khin

Nagar: khin

Basque etymology :

Proto-Basque: *a=kain

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: (large) tick

Bizkaian: akan, akeen, aken

Gipuzkoan: akain, akaiñ, akañ(a), akien

Lapurdian: lakain

Comments: A western Bsq word: cf. eastern *i=tain 'tick'. Initial /l/ in LAB is possibly due to contamination with another word such as lapazorri ‘tick’. Similar Romance words have been cited: Gasc. lagagno, Occ. laganha, but apparently these words mean ‘locust’, not ‘tick’.

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : KVNV

Meaning : insect, worm

Eurasiatic : *ḳwVŋV

Afroasiatic : Sem. *kVnn- 'louse', Cush. *kVn- 'bee'

Sino-Caucasian : *[xq̇]ǟ́ŋʔV̆ (also *QwVnV̄́ 322)

Austric : *kVʔn (cf. also *KVŋ 'insect')

Amerind (misc.) : *kan 'snake; worm' (R 657) [ + A K]

African (misc.) : Bantu *-góŋgòdó 'millipede', etc.

Notes : Probably 2 roots.

Reference : See ND 897a, 1093.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *ḳwVŋV

Meaning: worm, insect

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *k[o]nid-

Altaic: *k`i̯uŋu

Kartvelian: *ḳoɣon-

Dravidian: *kun-i-

Eskimo-Aleut: *kiŋuɣ

References: Cf. ND 897a *ku/üǹ/ńV 'bee' (Drav. + ECush.).

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *k[o]nid-, *gh[o]nid-

Meaning: nit

Old Greek: konís, -ídos f. pl. `Eier von Läusen, Flöhen, Wanzen'

Slavic: *gnī́dā A

Baltic: *gnī̂d-ā̂, -iā̃ (1) f.

Germanic: *gnid-ō f., *gnit-ō f., *xnit-ō f.

Celtic: Ir sned f.; Cymr nedd, NKorn nēδ, Bret nez

Albanian: thënī́ `Laus'

Russ. meaning: насекомое (гнида)

References: WP I 461

Vasmer's dictionary :

Baltic etymology :

Proto-Baltic: *gnī̂d-ā̂, -iā̃ (1) f.

Meaning: nit

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Lettish: gnĩda, gn̨ĩda, gmĩde `Nisse, Lausei'

Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *gnidō, *gnitō(n), *xnitō

Meaning: nit

IE etymology: IE etymology

Norwegian: nit

Old Swedish: pl. gnether

Swedish: gnet

Danish: gnid 'nit', dial. gnit 'kleine Mücke'

Old English: hnitu, -e f. `nit'

Middle Dutch: nēte f.

Dutch: neet f.

Middle Low German: nēt, nit 'Nisse', gnite 'eine Art kleine Mücke'

Old High German: (h)niʒ (9. Jh.)

Middle High German: niʒ, niʒʒe st./wk. f. 'das lausei, die nisse'

German: Nisse f., Niss f.

Pokorny's dictionary :

Number: 986

Root: knid-, k̂nid-, sknid-

English meaning: louse, nit

German meaning: `Laus, Ei der Laus, Nisse'

General comments: oft tabuistisch umgestaltet; vgl. oben S. 437 ghnīdā ds.

Material: Arm. anic `Laus' (*nid-s);

    alb. thënī́ `Laus' (*k̂(ë)nid-);

    gr. κονίς, -ίδος f. (*knid-s), wohl an κόνις `Staub' angeglichen;

    mir. sned f. `Nisse', kymr. Pl. nedd, nkorn. neð, bret. nez ds. (*s(k)nidā);

    ags. hnitu f., ahd. (h)niz, nhd. Nisse `Ei der Laus' (*knidā).

    Könnte zu (s)ken- `kratzen' gehören, wie ghnīdā zu ghen- ds.

References: WP. I 461, WH. I 783 f., Specht Idg. Dekl. 44, Trautmann 93.

Pages: 608

PIE database: PIE database

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *k`i̯uŋu

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: worm, grub

Russian meaning: червь, личинка

Mongolian: *kiɣur-

Tungus-Manchu: *xuŋVl-

Japanese: *kuà

Comments: The Jpn. form goes back to *k`i̯uŋ(u)-gV.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *kiɣur-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: nit

Russian meaning: гнида

Written Mongolian: kiɣursu, quur(a)su (L 464: kiɣurasu(n), kiɣurusu(n))

Khalkha: xūrs

Buriat: x́ūrha(n)

Kalmuck: gǖr(ǝ), xūrsṇ, ɣūrsṇ

Ordos: Gūrsu

Dagur: ḱaur (Тод. Даг. 148)

Shary-Yoghur: χairsǝn

Monguor: ćirʒǝ (SM 456), (MGCD ćīrsǝ)

Comments: KW 140, 202, MGCD 381. Mong. > Khak. kör etc. (VEWT 292).

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *xuŋVl-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 worm 2 grub

Russian meaning: 1 червь 2 личинка

Evenki: uŋul 1

Even: uŋъl 1, 2

Negidal: uŋil 2

Spoken Manchu: imahǝ, nimahǝ 1 (2173)

Literary Manchu: uḿaxa / iḿaxa 1

Jurchen: wu-mia-xa (166) 1

Orok: xuŋguli 2

Nanai: xuŋguli 2

Oroch: umuli 2

Udighe: uŋulu 1

Comments: ТМС 2, 280. Cf. also PTM *(x)uńa 'grub, larva' (ТМС 2, 276).

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *kuà

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: silkworm

Russian meaning: шелковичный червь

Old Japanese: kwo

Middle Japanese: kàfí-kò

Tokyo: kái-ko

Kyoto: kàí-kò

Kagoshima: kai-kó

Comments: JLTT 433.

Kartvelian etymology :

Proto-Kartvelian: *ḳoɣon-

Nostratic: Nostratic

Russian meaning: комар

English meaning: mosquito

Georgian: ḳoɣo-, ḳoɣona-

Megrel: ḳoɣo(na)-, ḳoɣunia-

Svan: ḳoɣon-, ḳuɣun-, ḳǝɣǝn-

Laz: ḳo(r)ɣon-

Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 114. Ср. алт. *k`uŋV 'вид насекомого (овод, личинка, жук)'.

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *kun-i

Meaning : bee

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *kun-i

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *kun-i

Meaning : bee

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tulu : koṇi, koṇḍi

Tulu meaning : (?) a sting

Proto-Nilgiri : *kuṇ-ĭ

Miscellaneous : IRU kunni bee; PALKU kunni bee

Number in DED : 1867

Nilgiri etymology :

Proto-Nilgiri : *kuṇ-ĭ

Meaning : bee

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : kuṇy

Number in DED : 1867

Eskimo etymology :

Proto-Eskimo: *kiŋuɣ

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: insect, shrimp, worm

Russian meaning: насекомое, креветка, червь

Proto-Yupik: *kiŋuɣ

Proto-Inupik: *kiŋuɣ

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 176

Yupik etymology :

Proto-Yupik: *kiŋuɣ

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: worm 1, insect 2, shrimp 3

Russian Meaning: червь 1, насекомое 2, креветка 3

Sirenik: kiŋǝ́x

Chaplino: kiŋúk (ɣǝt), kiŋúk* 'insect, worm'

Naukan: //kiŋuk 3 [Av.]

Alutiiq Alaskan Yupik: kiŋuk 2, 1

Koniag (AAY): Perry kiŋ_uk 2, 1, imām kiŋua 'seafood'

Central Alaskan Yupik: kiŋuk, kiŋuq 1

Inupik etymology :

Proto-Inupik: *kiŋuɣ

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: shrimp 1, sand flea 2

Russian meaning: креветка 1, земляная блоха 2

Seward Peninsula Inupik: kiŋuk 1

SPI Dialects: Imaq kiŋúk 1

WCI Dialects: Sig, Car kiŋuk 1, Cop kiŋuk 'sand skipper' [Ras.]

Eastern Canadian Inupik: kiŋuk 2

Greenlandic Inupik: kiŋuk 2, 1

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 176

Austric etymology :

Proto-Austric: *kVʔn

Meaning: fish, snake

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Proto-Austroasiatic: *gi:ŋ / *giɛŋ

Austroasiatic meaning: snake

Proto-Austronesian: *Sikan

Austronesian meaning: fish

Austro-Asiatic etymology :

Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *gi:ŋ / *giɛŋ

Meaning: snake

Austric etymology: Austric etymology

Proto-Katuic: *gi:ŋ

Proto-Khmu: *giaŋ

Katuic etymology :

Proto-Katuic: *gi:ŋ

Meaning: poisonous snake

Presyllable: Cǝr-/Cǝl-

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Proto-West Katuic: BRU phǝrki:ŋ.B

Proto-East Katuic: PAK lǝki:ŋ

References: P-246

West Katuic etymology :

Proto-West Katuic:

Meaning: poisonous snake

Katuic etymology: Katuic etymology

Bru: phǝrki:ŋ.B

Bru meaning: a kind of poisonous snake having a triangular shaped body

East Katuic etymology :

Proto-East Katuic:

Meaning: poisonous snake

Katuic etymology: Katuic etymology

Pakoh: kǝki:ŋ

Pakoh meaning: an eel; cf. lǝki:ŋ poisonous snake

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