Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *bHV́̆Łī

Meaning: child

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *bHăŁ_i (~ -ǝ-)

Sino-Tibetan: *pōk

Yenisseian: *pV(ʔ)l- (~-ŕ-,-r₁-)

Comments and references : HGC 27.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *bHăŁ_i (~ -ǝ-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: young one, young (of animals)

Proto-Avaro-Andian: (?) *baƛa (~o,-ʎ-)

Proto-Tsezian: *ƛapV (~ -ɔ-)

Proto-Lezghian: *p:aIƛ:

Notes: The PTs (Bezht.) form has undergone a metathesis (*ƛapV (with assimilation) < *ƛabV < *baƛV). It is much more difficult to explain the PA form with *-ƛ- (or *-ʎ-) instead of the expected *-ƛ̣:-; reasons for deglottalisation are not at all clear.

    The root has probable correspondences in HU: Hurr. pōra-(m)mi, Ur. porā "slave" (with a typologically frequent semantic shift and a regular development *-Ł- > -r-), see Diakonoff-Starostin 1986, 16.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *baƛa (~o,-ʎ-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 young (of animals) 2 youngling,nestling

Chamalal: baʎa 1

Tindi: baʎa 1

Karata: baʎa 1

Botlikh: baha 1

Bagvalal: baʎa 2

Godoberi: baʎa 1

Comments: Since no And. and Akhv. forms are attested, it is impossible to choose between PA *o or *a, *ʎ or *ƛ in the reconstruction.

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *ƛapV (~ -ɔ-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: youngling, nestling

Bezhta: ƛapan (Khosh.)

Comments: Isolated in Bezht., but having possible external parallels.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *p:aIƛ:

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 son, boy 2 son 3 bastard

Lezghian: p:až 3

Tabasaran: baj 1

Agul: baIž 2 (Bursh.)

Comment: PL obl. base *p:aIƛ:e- (cf.Ag. Bursh. baIži-; the second front vowel conditioned the palatal reflexes of *ƛ: in all languages). Cf. also Tab. Kand. baž 'son, boy'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *pōk

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: child

Chinese: 僕 *bōk servant, follower.

Tibetan: phrug, phrug-gu, phru child, a young one, ãbrog-phrug 'boy'

Burmese: pauk young of animals; sprout.

Lushai: KC *pOk/ (?).

Kiranti: *b[a]k (/*ʔp-)

Comments: Namsangia bu-. Sh. 164; Luce 81. STEDT 131 (*puk ~ buk 'hatch'), 152-153 (*[p/b]uk ~ [p/b]ik 'born, give birth'), with addition of various forms in Tangkhul, Tsangla, Gurung, Chepang, Bengni, Naga, Hpun, but without Tib., Burm. and Chin.).

Chinese characters :

Character: 僕

Modern (Beijing) reading: pú

Preclassic Old Chinese: bōk

Classic Old Chinese: bōk

Western Han Chinese: bōk

Eastern Han Chinese: bōk

Early Postclassic Chinese: bōk

Middle Postclassic Chinese: bōk

Late Postclassic Chinese: bwōk

Middle Chinese: buk

English meaning : servant; groom

Shuowen gloss: 給事者也.

Comments: In MC there also exists an irregular reading bok (FQ 蒲沃), but the word rhymes in *-ōk in OC, thus buk is the normal reflex. Regular Sino-Viet. is bộc. The character is also (since LZ) used for a homonymous *bōk 'hide, conceal'. For *b cf. Xiamen pɔk⁸, Chaozhou pok⁸, Fuzhou puk⁸.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Karlgren code: 1211 b-f

Vietnamese reading: bõ

Shijing occurrences: 3.4

Chinese Dialects :

Number: 1784

Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology

Character: 僕

MC description : 通合一入屋並

ZIHUI: 0295 0747

Beijing: phu 12

Jinan: phu 2

Xi'an: phu 12

Taiyuan: phaʔ 41; phǝʔ 41

Hankou: phu 12

Chengdu: phu 12

Yangzhou: phɔʔ 4

Suzhou: boʔ 42

Wenzhou: bu 42

Changsha: phu 4

Shuangfeng: phu 12

Nanchang: phuk 41

Meixian: phuk 42

Guangzhou: puk 42

Xiamen: pɔk 42

Chaozhou: phok 42

Fuzhou: puʔ 42

Shanghai: poʔ 42

Zhongyuan yinyun: phu 41

Kiranti etymology :

Proto-Kiranti: *b[a]k (/*ʔp-)

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Meaning: be young, bear, hatch

Sunwar: 'pūk-ca 'to hatch'

Limbu: pakmaʔ

Dumi: bɨknɨ 'to bear young'

Yamphu: pa:kma

Limbu dictionary :

Entry: pakmaʔ, -pakt-/-pak-

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Grammar: vi.

Meaning: be younger, be the younger one.

Dumi dictionary :

Entry: bɨknɨ

Kiränti etymology: Kiränti etymology

Grammar: vi-1 bɨkh/bɨk

Meaning: bear young (of non-humans)

Comments: Mom naksɨm-nɨ bɨkti Those two sheep yeaned; Bhiʔi-mɨl hambɨkha The cows have calved.

Yamphu dictionary :

Entry: pa:kma

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Stem: <pa:kt- ; pa:k->

Grammar: v.intr.stat.

Meaning: to be young, to be junior

Comments: häŋ.ba pha:kt.ä. (you.ELA be_young.FCT) He's younger than you.

Nepali: kāncho hunu

Yenisseian etymology :

Proto-Yenisseian: *pVl- (~-ŕ-,-r₁-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: child

Arin: alpolát (М., Сл., Срсл., Кл.), ol-polat (Стр.) "child"

Pumpokol: phálla (Сл.), falla (Кл., Срсл.) "boy"; phála (Сл.), fala (Кл.), falla (Срсл.) "son"

Comments: ССЕ 255. Werner 1, 26-27.

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : PVLV

Meaning : young

Eurasiatic : "Alt. "*bāla 'child, young'

Sino-Caucasian : *bHV́̆Łī

Amerind (misc.) : *pela 'new; young, good' (R 506) [+ A K]

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