Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *=ĕ́ƛ̣Ĕ

Meaning: middle, half

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *=ĕƛ̣_Ĕ

Sino-Tibetan: *ƛăj

Yenisseian: *ʔaʔl

Basque: *erdi

Comments and references : HGC 35, LDC 34.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *=ĕƛ̣_Ĕ

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: middle, half

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *=oƛ̣:V

Proto-Tsezian: *=ɔƛV A

Proto-Lak: =ač̣i

Proto-Dargwa: *=aɣ

Proto-West Caucasian: *bǝĹa

Notes: One of the common NC nominal roots with changing class prefixes. In some modern languages the root may have been influenced by reflexes of another NC root, *büg_a 'side, waist' (q.v.) (due to the phonetic development *-g_- > -Ł_- in PEC). See Абдоков 1983, 144, 184.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *=oƛ̣:V

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: in the middle, between

Avar: b-áƛ̣:u-ʎ:

Chadakolob: ƛ̣o-ró

Andian language: =oƛ̣:u

Akhvakh: aƛ̣:e-ge

Chamalal: b-aƛ̣:a-ƛ:i

Tindi: b-aƛ̣:i

Karata: b-aƛ̣:i

Godoberi: b-aƛ̣:u

Comments: Cf. also Av. r-aƛ̣:-q:én 'half of body, carcass'; horƛ̣:ó-b (Andal., Kel. ƛ̣:o-ró-b) 'inside, between); Akhv. Tseg. aƛ̣:a-de-ƛ̣:, Tlan. b-aƛ̣:a-q:e, Ratl. aƛ̣:e-ƛ:i 'in the middle' (also Tseg., Tlan. b-aƛ̣:i-s:, Ratl. b-aƛ̣:e-s:i 'half', N.-Akhv. ãƛ̣:o 'near to'); Tind. r-aƛ̣:a-ʎ:i-la maḳʷa 'middle' etc.

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *=ɔƛV A

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 middle 2 half 3 between

Tsezi: roƛo 1,roƛiku 2

Ginukh: roƛo 1,=oƛoku 2

Khvarshi: loƛo 1

Inkhokvari: =oƛo-ƛ̣o 3

Bezhta: =aƛo 1,=aƛokos 2

Gunzib: =ɔƛe 1,=ɔƛegus 2

Comments: PTsKh *=oƛo 'middle', *=oƛo-ku 'half', *=oƛo-ƛ̣o 'between' (cf. also Tsez., Gin. =oƛƛo 'between'); PGB *=ɔƛV 'middle', *=ɔƛV-ku-s 'half', *=ɔƛV-dɔ 'between' (Bezht. Tlad., Khosh. =aƛodā, Gunz. =ɔƛedo). One of the noun roots with changing class prefixes.

Lak etymology :

Lak root: =ač̣i

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: half

Lak form: b-ač̣i, ač̣i

Comments: An old derivate (pointing to the original meaning 'side') is probably Lak. č̣a-ra-w 'near, close to', č̣a-ra-χ 'past (smth.)'.

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *=aɣ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: middle

Akusha: b-aj

Chiragh: d-aɣ

Comments: Cf. also Ur. =ajʔ, Kub. =ag (with changing class prefixes).

Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *bǝĹa

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 between, inside 2 near

Abkhaz: a-bž́á-ra 1

Abaza: bž́a-ra 1

Adyghe: bLā-ʁa 2

Kabardian: bLā-ʁa 2

Ubykh: bLa- 1

Comments: PAT *bǝž́a- (also used as a preverb 'between, inside' = Ub. bLa-). In PAK the preverb *bLa- means 'past (smth.)'. Its original meaning must have been 'near', cf. *bLa-ʁá 'near', and it has hardly any connection with PAK *bLa 'arm' q.v. In spite of some semantic difficulties we think that it is possible to relate PAK *bLa- 'near, past' to the Ub. and PAT forms (a semantic shift of 'inside' to 'environs').

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ƛăj

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: navel, centre

Tibetan: lte navel; centre.

Burmese: laj centre, middle.

Kachin: šǝdai¹ navel.

Lushai: lai centre, middle, navel, KC *M?-ltai (?).

Lepcha: la the middle, the midst of

Comments: Garo ste abdomen; Newari te; Miju blai liver, Tujia li.1 khu.1 li.1 'heart'. Sh. 159, 408; Ben. 65, 66. STEDT 159-169 distinguishes between *[m/s]-la(:)y and *s-tay, which is not quite certain, because Tibetan and Jingpaw forms can actually reflect *ƛ-. (we are not sure about Naga tāy, Mru dai, Tamang pe-te, Karen de; note, however, Lakher tlai, Kham tǝli etc. - these forms could signify that we actually deal with *T-lăj; for Garo ste cf. Bodo bi-klǝʔ, Dimasa ba-tla 'liver'). For forms meaning 'self' see also under *tă- (*tǝ̆-). Attributing here OC 臍 *ʒ́ǝ̄j "navel" (STEDT ibid.) seems extremely dubious, see another match under *ʒ́ǝ̄l.

Yenisseian etymology :

Proto-Yenisseian: *ʔaʔl

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: half

Ket: aĺ / aʔĺ 'half' (adj.); daĺa⁵ "half" (n.)

Yug: al / aʔl 'half' (adj.); dalla⁵ /dala⁵ "half"

Kottish: āl-īx, *āl-īg "midday, noon"

Comments: ССЕ 178-179. Note the derivative with prefixed *d- (= ПСК *r-ĕƛ̣_Ĕ). Werner 1, 24 *al (disregarding his own transcription aʔĺ, aʔl in Werner 1977).

Basque etymology :

Proto-Basque: *erdi

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: half, middle, center

Bizkaian: erdi

Gipuzkoan: erdi

High Navarrese: erdi

Low Navarrese: erdi

Salazarese: erdi

Lapurdian: erdi

Baztanese: erdi

Aezkoan: erdi

Zuberoan: érdi

Roncalese: erdi

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : HVLV

Meaning : middle, inside

Sino-Caucasian : *=ĕ́ƛ̣Ĕ

Austric : PAN *ilo 'inside, interior'

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