West Chadic etymology :

Proto-WChadic: *tuḅ-< *ṭub-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'cover'

Kariya: tǝḅǝ [SkNb]

Jimbin: duḅa [SkNb]

Notes: regressive voicing of t-.

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ṭuṗ-

Meaning: cover

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Semitic: *ṭVpVy- 'cover' (v.)

Berber: *ṭVb- 'cover' (v.)

Western Chadic: *ṭub- 'cover' (v.)

Semitic etymology :

Number: 666

Proto-Semitic: *ṭVpVy-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'cover' (v.)

Syrian Aramaic: ṭpy

Berber etymology :

Proto-Berber: *ṭVb-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'cover' (v.)

Ayr: ǝ-ḍǝb

Tawllemmet: ǝ-ḍǝb

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : TVPV

Meaning : to cover

Afroasiatic : *ṭuṗ-

Sino-Caucasian : *dVṗV

Austric : PAA *dap / *tap 'layers', PAN *aCab 'cover'

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *dVṗV

Meaning: to cover

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Sino-Tibetan: *thĕp

Burushaski: *tap

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *thĕp

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: fold, place one upon another

Chinese: 摺 *tep (~-ap) to fold.

Tibetan: thebs series, order, succession.

Burmese: thap to place one on another, add, LB *stap.

Kachin: gǝthap² to add, place one upon another.

Lushai: čhep (čheʔ) pile up, stack up.

Kiranti: *d(h)ep 'cover'

Comments: Sh. 65; Ben. 184.

Chinese characters :

Character: 摺

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhé

Preclassic Old Chinese: tap (~ -ep)

Classic Old Chinese: tap

Western Han Chinese: tap

Eastern Han Chinese: ćap

Early Postclassic Chinese: ćap

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ćap

Late Postclassic Chinese: ćap

Middle Chinese: ćep

English meaning : to fold [Song]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) складывать; сгибать; складка; сгиб; изломанный, согнутый; 2) книжка, сложенная гармошкой; квитанционная книжка; квитанция, удостоверение

Comments: The character is attested since Han, when it was read *r(h)ǝ̄p (MC lлp, Mand. lā) 'to break'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 1644

Vietnamese reading: xếp

Kiranti etymology :

Proto-Kiranti: *d(h)ep

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Meaning: cover

Limbu: tepmā cover(n.)

Dumi: depnɨ

Kulung: demma

Yamphu: topma

Limbu dictionary :

Entry: tɛpmaʔ, -tɛpt-/-tɛp-

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Grammar: vt.

Meaning: 1) cover, enshroud, wrap, swaddle; place a cover on; 2) brood (an egg)

Comments: 1) cf. su:pmaʔ 2)\x waʔre thi:n thɛptu The hen broods [her] egg.

Dumi dictionary :

Entry: depnɨ

Kiränti etymology: Kiränti etymology

Grammar: vt-2a dept/dep-di:ph/di:p

Meaning: cover, cover up, shut off, seal

Nepali: chopnu, ḍhāknu

Comments: cf. khopnɨ.

Kulung dictionary :

Entry: demma

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Grammar: vt-4 [1: dep- 2: depp- 3: dem-]

Meaning: cover, cover up

Nepali: ḍhāknu, chopnu.

Yamphu dictionary :

Entry: topma II

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Stem: <tob- ; top->

Grammar: v.intr. & v.tr.

Meaning: 1) to cover up, e.g. food against the flies; 2) to make liquor by putting a porous vessel on top of the fermented grain being cooked.

Nepali: chopnu

Burushaski etymology :

Common Burushaski: *tap

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: to cover (with a hat, coat etc.)

Hunza: tap -́t-

Austric etymology :

Proto-Austric: *TVP

Meaning: cover

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Proto-Austroasiatic: *dʔap

Austroasiatic meaning: to cover

Munda parallels: M. dab

Miao-Yao parallels: Yao dap.1 to cover up, cover over

Proto-Austronesian: *aCab (also qatep 'roof, thatch', *tutub, *tutup 'cover')

Austronesian meaning: to cover

Proto-Thai: tap CLf for thatch roofs

References: HY

Austro-Asiatic etymology :

Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *dʔap

Meaning: cover

Austric etymology: Austric etymology

Thai: tap CLf for thatch roofs

Proto-Bahnaric: *ʔdǝp / WB *ʔdap

Proto-Palaungic: *dVp

Proto-Khmu: *dap

Bahnar etymology :

Proto-Bahnaric: *dʔǝ̆p / *dʔăp

Meaning: cover, shut

Presyllable: #/kǝ-

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Bahnar: kǝtap

Bahnar meaning: egg (not in D)

Proto-North Bahnaric: *tap.T, kǝ-

Proto-South Bahnaric: *tap

Harak: kǝntap

Cua: kǝtap egg

References: PNB-190, SPT, SBS-227

North Bahnaric etymology :

Proto-North-Bahnaric: *tap.T, kǝ-

Meaning: egg

Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology

Rengao form: kǝtap.T

Rengao meaning: egg

Jeh form: tǝtap.T

Jeh meaning: egg

Sedang form: kǝta.L

Sedang meaning: egg

Hre form: kǝtap.T

Hre meaning: egg

Didra: xtaʔ.T

References: PNB-190, GS-47

South Bahnaric etymology :

Proto-South Bahnaric: *tap

Meaning: egg

Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology

Chrau form: cap

Chrau meaning: egg

Stieng form: tap

Stieng meaning: egg

References: SBS-227

Harak etymology :

Proto-Harak:

Meaning: egg

Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology

Alak: kǝntap

Palaung-Wa etymology :

Proto-Palaung-Wa: *d[ɨǝ]p

Meaning: cover, cap

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Proto-Wa: *dop, N-; *dɨǝp, N-

Riang: dup.1

Riang meaning: to cover

Wa etymology :

Proto-Wa:

Meaning: cover, cap

Palaung-Wa etymology: Palaung-Wa etymology

Paraok: dop.B

Paraok meaning: cover, cap

Wa: dop.B

Wa meaning: cover, cap

Ava: dhop

Lawa: ndɨǝp, lǝ*

Lawa meaning: lid

Um: dɨap, rǝn*

Wa (dial.): dɔp.2

Wa (dial.) meaning: lid

References: D-143: *dap

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