Dahalo etymology :

Dahalo: baḥ

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: kill

Notes: met.?

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *qVbVʔ-

Meaning: break, destroy, kill

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Egyptian: ḫbꜣ 'destroy' (pyr), ḫb, ḫbḫb 'kill' (gr)

Western Chadic: *qV(HV)b- 'split or crack (wall preparatory to falling)' 1, 'break' 2, 'slaughter, cut' 3

Dahalo (Sanye): baḥ 'kill' (met.?)

Egyptian etymology :

Old Egyptian: ḫbꜣ (pyr)

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'destroy'; ḫb, ḫbḫb 'kill' (gr)

West Chadic etymology :

Proto-WChadic: *qV(HV)b-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'split or crack (wall preparatory to falling)' 1, 'break' 2, 'slaughter, cut' 3

Hausa: gágábee 1

Tangale: kɛɛbe 2 [JgT], kabi 3 [JgR]

Guruntum: ŋgwabí 2 [Cs]

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : KVPV

Meaning : to dig, hack

Eurasiatic : *ḳVṗV

Afroasiatic : *qVbVʔ- ? (Dolg. lists various < *ḳVwVP- meaning 'dig, hew, split')

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *ḳVṗV

Meaning: dig, hack

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *kep-

Altaic: *k`ăpra

Kartvelian: *ḳap- (also *ḳeṗ- 559)

References: ОСНЯ 1, 317-318, МССНЯ 362; ND 1116 *ḳa(')P_V 'to chop, dig'.

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *(s)kape- (-ph-)

Meaning: to dig, to mattock

Other Iranian: NPers kāfaδ, kāvaδ `gräbt'

Old Greek: skapánǟ f. `Grabscheit, Spaten', (s)kápeto-s `Grab, Grube'

Slavic: *kopā́tī, *kõpjǭ

Baltic: *kāp=

Russ. meaning: копать, мотыжить

References: WP II 559 f

Vasmer's dictionary :

Baltic etymology :

Proto-Baltic: *kāp=

Meaning: dig

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Old Prussian: enkopts 'begraben' Voc. 755

Comments: Cf. also PIE *kōp-.

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *k`ăpra

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to scrape, rasp, plane

Russian meaning: скрести, строгать

Turkic: *K(i)arba-

Mongolian: *kawra-

Tungus-Manchu: *xarpu- / *xarpi-

Comments: Poppe 17, 82. A Western isogloss.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *K(i)arba-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to grope (for smth.) 2 to grasp (with hands or teeth) 3 to swim (grope through water with hands and feet) 4 to rake up

Russian meaning: 1 нащупывать 2 хватать (руками или зубами) 3 плавать (хвататься за воду руками и ногами) 4 сгребать

Old Turkic: qarva- (OUygh.) 1

Karakhanid: qarva- (MK) 1

Turkish: kavra- 2

Middle Turkic: qarba- (Qutb)

Turkmen: Gabra- 2

Khakassian: xarba- 2

Shor: qarba- 2

Oyrat: qarba- 2

Yakut: xarbā- 2,3,4

Dolgan: karbā- 'to row, swim'

Tuva: qarban- 3

Comments: EDT 646, VEWT 243, ЭСТЯ 5, 302-303, Мудрак 103 (with a wrong attribution of Tuva xɨr-). Despite Kaɫ. MEJ 42, Stachowski 139, forms like Yak. xarbā- are hardly borrowed < Mong. qarma- (on which see under *k`aŕa).

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *kawra-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: file

Russian meaning: напильник

Written Mongolian: qaurai (L 946), qaɣurai (DO 371)

Middle Mongolian: qūra (IM), qurai (MA 313)

Khalkha: xūraj

Buriat: xūraj

Kalmuck: xǖrǟ

Ordos: xūrǟ

Dagur: xaur-dāgu, (Тод. Даг. 175) xaura

Shary-Yoghur: χūrī

Monguor: xụ̄rā- 'se peler, s'écorcher' (SM 184)

Comments: KW 204, MGCD 380. Mong. > Man. χuwara (Rozycki 114).

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *xarpu- / *xarpi-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to rasp, plane 2 plane, knife

Russian meaning: 1 строгать 2 нож (для строгания)

Negidal: atpụgda 2

Orok: χalpịn- 1

Nanai: χarpịčị- 1

Oroch: appili 2

Udighe: afili 2

Comments: ТМС 1, 59.

Kartvelian etymology :

Proto-Kartvelian: *ḳap-

Nostratic: Nostratic

Russian meaning: обрезать, рубить

English meaning: to lop, chop

Georgian: ḳap-

Svan: ḳap-

Notes and references: EWK 185-186. В ОСНЯ 1, 317-318 основа сравнивается с ПИЕ *kep- 'рубить, копать' < ностр. *ḳaHpV.

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