Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *bawil ~ *wabil- ~ *mbVl-

Meaning: ram

Semitic: *wābil- 'ram'

Berber: *b_/bVli 'sheep, rams'

Egyptian: *ybl 'ovis tragelaphus'

Western Chadic: *mbil- 'sheep'

Central Chadic: *bVlaw ~ *bV(ʔ)wVl- 'ram, goat'

East Chadic: *bVl(bVl)- 'goat'

Low East Cushitic: *bulal- 'lamb'

High East Cushitic: *ʔambul- 'goat' 1, 'ram' 2

South Cushitic: *mbal- 'bush-buck', Tragelaphus scriptus (antelope) (?)

Notes: HSED 2570: Hbr. Eg. Mafa Mkk 'buffalo'. EDE II, 23-24. Cf. *bal- 'sheep' in non-Afras. African languages (C.Sud., W.Atl.)

Semitic etymology :

Number: 2549

Proto-Semitic: *wābil-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: ram

Phoenician: ybl 'ram' [T 123], [Krah. 204] (in the punic priestly tariff KAI 69/7: bybl ʔm bʕz 'for a ram or a goat').

Hebrew: yōbēl 'ram' [KB 398]; pB. 'leader, bell-wether, ram' [Ja. 567]. Only in ḳärän/šōpǝrōt hayyōbēl/yōbǝlīm 'horn(s) of the ram(s)' as musical instruments (in Jos 6 passim and Ex 9.13). Designation of the fiftieth year as the "jubilee year" is thought to be derived from this faunal term (cf. [BDB 385]: ""originally no doubt ... 'year of the ram('s horn)'".

Aramaic: Dem. ʔybl 'ram' [HJ 1252].

Judaic Aramaic: yūbǝlā 'ram' [Ja. 567], ywbl (ywbylh, ywblh) 'lamb' [Sok. 237]. It seems difficult to establish what linguistic backround underlies the passage quoted (bʕrbyʔ ṣwwḥyn lʔymrʔ ywblʔ 'in Arabia they call a ram y.' Ber. 13c(6)); the term is marked as "dial." (= "dialectal"?) by Sokoloff. Cf. further [Talshir 153- 4].

Arabic: wābilat- 'petits chameaux ou agneaux; petits d'un trou- peau composé de chameaux ou de moutons' [BK 2 1478], [Fr. IV 431], [LA XI 722]. Not without semantic difficulties.

Notes: The form ya-bi-li 'rams' (= Sum. UDU.NITÁ.MES̆) in the Neo- Assyrian lexical list Practical Vocabulary Assur 305 [AHw. 411], [CAD i 321] must be an Aramaic loanword. In [DRS 486] Enm. Gyt. web_äna, End. web_äna 'the young (male) of a goat or sheep' [LGur. 641] are tentatively compared to the present root (with assimilation *l > n influenced by b and w?). Akk. būlu 'herd of cattle, sheep or horses' OB on [CAD b 313], [AHw. 137] is noteworthy in spite of the fact that the term is also used to denote wild animals. [DRS 485]: Akk. (yabilu), Pho., Hbr., Arm., Arb. (wābil- 'chamelons, agneaux'); [T 123]: Pho., Hbr., Arm., Arb. (wābil- 'young sheep'), Akk. (yabilu).

Berber etymology :

Proto-Berber: *b_/bVli

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'sheep, rams'

Ghadames: ta-b_ali 'brebis' Kössm. No. 193

Audjila: te-b_el id. ibid. (Par. 171)

Notes: Gurara Tuat Tidikelt belli 'moutons' N-Z, 52. Kössm., 97: Kinderwörter. Tak. II, 24 "therefore cannot be considered"

Egyptian etymology :

Old Egyptian: ỉbꜣw

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'Mähnenschaf (ovis tragelaphus)' OK; MK E-G I, 62

West Chadic etymology :

Proto-WChadic: *mbil-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'sheep'

Geji: mbila 'sheep' Skin. 95, 34

Central Chadic etymology :

Proto-CChadic: *bVlaw ~ *bV(ʔ)wVl-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'ram, goat'

Boka: ḅwǝ̀lǝ 'goat' Tak II, 24

Mafa=Matakam: bǝ́láw 'race de mouton sp.' Tak. II 24 apud Brt-Bléis, 88

East Chadic etymology :

Proto-EChadic: *bVl(bVl)-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'goat'

Lele: bùlóbùló 'bouc (he-goat)' Tak. II, 24 apud WP, 1982, 8; bùló bùló [Grg]

Kabalai: bâl [Cp]

Migama: bṑlíyò [JMig]

Sokoro: bàl [CLR: 169]

Low East Cushitic etymology :

Proto-Low East Cushitic: *bulal-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'lamb'

Oromo (Galla): bulā́l-ē 'Lamm' Rn. 1902, 90

High East Cushitic etymology :

Proto-High East Cushitic: *ʔambul-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'goat' 1, 'ram' 2

Hadiya (Gudella): ambula 2

Kambatta: ambula 1, 2

South Cushitic etymology :

Proto-South Cushitic: *mbal-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'bush-buck', Tragelaphus scriptus (antelope)

Ma'a (Mbugu): mbāla 'Buschbock' Mnh. 1906, 313

Notes: from Tak. II, 24

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