Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ʕindaw-

Meaning: community, fraternity, tribe, family, people (orig. of individuals equal in age or/and social status?)

Semitic: *ʕīd-at- ~ *ʕidd- 'assembly, gathering of people'

Berber: *(H)ud/*(H)idaw '(gathering of) people; companions, relatives'

Western Chadic: *(n)diw- 'people'

East Chadic: *(H)induw- 'human'

Beḍauye (Beja): *(H)endaw 'people, tribe, crowd', *da 'people'

Central Cushitic (Agaw): *ʕad- 'tribe, clan'

Saho-Afar: *Hend- 'clan, tribe, family'

Low East Cushitic: *ʕida(n) 'people; tribe; community'

High East Cushitic: *ʕayd- 'family'

Omotic: *ʕVndVw- 'family'

Notes: Cf. СИФКЯ, 148: Beja, Bil., Saho, Som.; SCu. hee/heeru/heedi hardly belong here; the Eth forms are regarded as Cushitisms.

Semitic etymology :

Number: 1982

Proto-Semitic: *ʕīd-at- ~ *ʕidd-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'assembly, gathering of people'

Ugaritic: ʕdt 'asamblea' (ʕ. ilm 'la asamblea de los dioses') [Olmo old 599]

Hebrew: ʕēdā 'gathering; swarm (of bees); company, band; troop, congregation; the (official) congregation of Israel' [KB 789-90]

Judaic Aramaic: ʕēdā 'assembly, congregation; court; prayer meeting' [Ja 1043]

Syrian Aramaic: ʕēdǝtā (ex HBR ʕēdā nuper sumptum ?) 'ecclesia' [Brock 515]

Arabic: ʕidd- 'grand nombre, foule, grand quantite; ami, camarade; pareil, égal' [BK 2 187], cf. ʕdd 'compter, supputer; ê. en petit nombre' [ibid.]

Geʕez (Ethiopian): (?) ʕǝd 'man, male, husband', pl. ʕǝdaw, ʔaʕǝdāw 'men, people' [LGz 56]

Tigre: (?) ʕäd, pl. ʕäddotat 'tribe (i.e. the own tribe), family, people, village, country' [LH 482]; cf. ʕäddä 'to count, determine' [LH 485], ʕädäd 'number, limit, measure' [ibid. 486]. Acc. to СИФКЯ, 148 < Cu.

Tigrai (Tigriñña): (?) ʕaddi 'country, village; people' [LGz 56]. Acc. to СИФКЯ, 148 < Cu.

Berber etymology :

Proto-Berber: *ʕidaw/y

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'gathering of people; companions, relatives'

Nefusa: y-ud-ân 'gens' [Laoust 244]

Sokna: ud-ân 'gens' [Laoust 244]

Ayr: idaw 'faire compagnie (avec); aller ensemble; se réunir', idawăt 'rassemblement de pers.', a-m-idi 'compagnon, ami' Aloj., 27

Tawllemmet: idaw 'faire compagnie (avec); aller ensemble; se réunir', idawăt 'rassemblement de pers.', a-m-idi 'compagnon, ami' Aloj., 27

Zenaga: eddiya 'famille, parents' Nic., 245

Rif: i-ud-än 'gens' [Ren 307]

Sened: i-ud-än 'gens' [Ren 307]

Iznassen: i-ud_-an 'gens' [Laoust 244]

West Chadic etymology :

Proto-WChadic: *(n)diw-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'people, men'

Ngizim: ṇdiwa

East Chadic etymology :

Proto-EChadic: *(H)induw-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'human'

Lele: induwa Skin 206

Bedauye (Beja) etymology :

Bedauye: *(H)endaw 1, *da 2

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 1 'people, tribe, crowd', 2 'people'

Notes: enda 'Männer, Leute, Volk', éṇḍawa 'Ansidelung, Volksstamm' Rein Beḍ 21, da 'Männer' (m. pl.) ibid., 55; oʔandoa 'род, племя; деревня' (o - артикль) СИФКЯ, 148

Central Cushitic (Agaw) etymology :

Proto-Agaw: *ʕad-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'tribe, clan'

Bilin: ʕad 'Stamm, Tribus' Rein Bil 61

Saho-Afar etymology :

Proto-Saho-Afar: *Hend-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'tribe, family'

Saho: endaa 'род, племя, семья' [СИФКЯ 148]

Low East Cushitic etymology :

Proto-Low East Cushitic: *ʕida(n)

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'people; tribe; community'

Somali: ʕid 'gente; comunità, gruppo di abitanti di una stessa località; tribù; famiglia' Som-It, 99

Oromo (Galla): daadoo 'coopertative work' Gr., 91; possibly <*ʕVda(w)da(w)- (*ʕ> Oromo 0)

Arbore: ʔedan 'people' [Hayw. Arb., 338]

High East Cushitic etymology :

Proto-High East Cushitic: *ʕayd-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'family'

Sidamo: aydde 'family' Huds 60

Omotic etymology :

Proto-Omotic: *ʕVndVw-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'family'

Janjero (Yamma, Yemsa): ad- 'family' Sk. Hs., 206

Ari: (e)ed 'family' Sk. Hs., 206

East Mao (Diddesa): ondu 'family' Sk. Hs., 206

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