Change viewing parameters
Select another database

Afroasiatic etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *riʕ-
Meaning: break, destroy
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
Semitic: *rVʕ- 'break'
Central Chadic: *riy/ruw- 'destroy' 1, 'break (a rope)' 2
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-sem,afaset-cch,

Search within this database


Semitic etymology :

Search within this database
Number: 535
Proto-Semitic: *rVʕ-
Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology
Meaning: 'break'
Hebrew: rʕʕ
semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-hbr,

Search within this database


Central Chadic etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-CChadic: *riy/ruw-
Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology
Meaning: 'destroy' 1, 'break (a rope)' 2
Mofu-Gudur: -́ruw- 'couper en désordre' [BMof]
Gisiga: riye 1 [LGis]
Munjuk: riwi 2 [TMnj]
cchet-prnum,cchet-meaning,cchet-mof,cchet-gis,cchet-mnj,

Search within this database


Long-range etymologies :

Search within this database
Borean (approx.) : HVRV
Meaning : be destroyed, fall apart
Eurasiatic : *HVŕV
Afroasiatic : *riʕ- ?
Austric : *rVh 'cut' ?
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-austr,

Search within this database


Nostratic etymology :

Search within this database
Eurasiatic: *HVŕV
Meaning: go astray, fall apart
Borean: Borean
Indo-European: *erǝ-
Altaic: *ḗŕa
Uralic: *erä (Perm.) 'to be destroyed'; cf. also *arV 'to tear, rip', *jOrV 'to get lost'
Dravidian: *ed_- (?)
References: МССНЯ 359, ОСНЯ 1, 246-247; ND 779 *herV 'disintegrate, fall to pieces' (IE:Ur.:diff. Alt. /*ire 'melt'?/:Drav. + Sem.).
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-drav,nostret-reference,

Search within this database


Indo-European etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-IE: *er(e)-, *rē-
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Meaning: friable, thin
Old Indian: loc. r̥té m. `with the exclusion of, excepting, without'; árma- m. pl. `ruins, rubbish', armaká- n. id.
Old Greek: erē̂mo- , jungatt. érēmo- `einsam, unbewohnt, verlassen'
Slavic: *orītī; *rēdъkъ(jь), *rēdītī
Baltic: *er̃-t-a- adj.; *er̃d- vb. tr., *er̂-d-ē̂- vb., *er̂-d-a-, *ar̂-d-a- (1) adj., *ar̃-d-ī̂vb., *ar-d-uadj., *ar̂-d-ā̂ f., *ar̂-d-w-a-, *er̂-d-w-a- adj.; *ir̂- (1) vb. intr., *ir̃-d-en-a- adj.; *re-t-a- adj., *re-t-s-w-a- adj.
Latin: rārus, -a `locker, dünn; vereinzelt, selten'
Russ. meaning: рыхлый, редкий
References: WP I 142 f
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-lat,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,

Search within this database


Vasmer's dictionary :

Search within this database
Word: ре́дкий,
Near etymology: ре́док, редка́, ре́дко, сравн. степ. ре́же, укр. рiдки́й, блр. рэдкi, также "жидкий", др.-русск., ст.-слав. рѣдъкъ σπάνιος (Супр.), болг. ря́дък "редкий", сербохорв. ри̏jеткӣ, риjѐдак, ж. риjѐтка, словен. rẹ́dǝk, ж. rẹ́dka, чеш. řídký, слвц. riedky, польск. rzadki, в.-луж., н.-луж. rědki, полаб. rjódke.
Further etymology: Родственно лтш. rę̄ds, rę̃ns "редкий", лит. rė̃tis "сито из лыка", rẽtas "редкий", лат. rēte, -is ср. р. "рыболовная, охотничья сеть" (Фик, ВВ 2, 211; М.--Э. 3, 518, 520; Траутман, ВSW 12; Уленбек, Aind. Wb. 288; Перссон 278, 638). Популярное сравнение с лит. er̃dvas "просторный" (Траутман, там же; Педерсен, IF 5, 56; KZ 38, 309 и сл.; Вальде--Гофм. 2, 418 и сл.; Миккола, Ursl. Gr. 3, 51) спорно из-за ударения; см. Лиден, Bland. Bidr. 26; Перссон 638; Брюкнер, KZ 46, 234; Торбьёрнссон 1, 10; Миккола, Ваlt. u. Slav. 44; Мейе--Эрну 997. См. ре́жа, режь.
Trubachev's comments: [Сравнение с лит. er̃dvas представлено еще у Вайана (Gramm. соmраrе́е, 1, стр. 161). -- Т.]
Pages: 3,458-459
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-trubachev,vasmer-pages,

Search within this database


Baltic etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Baltic: *er̃-t-a- adj.; *er̃d- vb. tr., *er̂-d-ē̂- vb., *er̂-d-a-, *ar̂-d-a- (1) adj., *ar̃-d-ī̂- vb., *ar-d-u- adj., *ar̂-d-ā̂ f., *ar̂-d-w-a-, *er̂-d-w-a- adj.; *ir̂- (1) vb. intr., *ir̃-d-en-a- adj.; *re-t-a- adj., *re-t-s-w-a- adj.
Meaning: disintegrate
Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology
Lithuanian: ardī́ti 'Zusammengefügtes lösen, auftrennen, zerlegen, abbrechen', ardù- 'brüchig, aufgelöst, losgelassen; frech, aufsässig'; árda, ardà 'Unordnung, mangelnde Übereinstimmung, Streitigkeiten'; érdēti 'auseinanderfallen, sich auflösen, sich auftrennen, aufgehen', ìrti (ī̃ra, ìrō) 'dass.'; árdva-, ar̃dva-, er̃dva- 'geräumig, ausgedehnt, weit', érdvē 'Raum', er̃ta- 'geräumig, weit, gross'; rẽta- `dünn, weitläufig, selten', rẽsva- `selten, dünn';, értinti 'ausweiten'
Lettish: ā̀rdît (-u, -ĩju) 'Zusammengefügtes trennen; Zusammengelegtes auseinanderbreiten, spreiten; etw. Aufgebautes auseinandernehmen, niederreissen', ir̃t (ir̃stu, iru) (/ ir̂t) 'sich auf-, lostrennen', ę̄̀rds, ārds, ā̀rdavs2 'locker, gewandt, geläufig, fliessend (von der Rede), geräumig, bequem', ḕrst (-žu, -du) 'auseinanderbringen, reffeln, trennen', ir̃dęns, irdans, ìrdins2 'mürbe, locker, weich; geläufig'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,

Search within this database


Pokorny's dictionary :

Search within this database
Number: 500
Root: er-5, erǝ-, thematisch (e)r-ĕ-
English meaning: rare, loose, crumbly
German meaning: `locker, undicht, abstehend; auseinandergeben, auftrennen'
Material: Ai. r̥tē mit Abl., Akk. `mit Ausschluß von, ohne, außer' (Lok. eines Partiz. *r̥ta- `abgetrennt, abgesondert'), nírr̥ti-ḥ `Auflösung, Verwesung, Verderben'; ár-ma- Pl. `Trümmer, Ruinen', armaká- `trümmerhaft' oder n. `Trümmerstätte' (Bedeutung etwas unsicher); *erǝ- in īrma- `Wunde'; themat. *(e)r-e- in virala- `auseinanderstehend, undicht, selten';

    gr. ἐρη̃μος, att. ἔρημος `einsam';

    ganz unsicher lat. rārus `locker, nicht dicht, selten' (*erǝ-ró-s), eher glaublich rēte `Netz, Garn' (vgl. unten lit. rė̃tis, lett. rēta);

    lit. yrù, ìrti `sich auflösen, trennen, paĩras `locker'; rė̃tis m. `Bastsieb' (mit unursprünglichem Schleifton, wie oft in i-Stämmen), lett. rēta, rēte `Narbe', rēni rudzi `undicht stehender Roggen'; lit. er̃tas `weit, geräumig' (`*auseinanderstehend'); von der leichten Basis rẽtas `dünn, weitläufig, selten' (von der themat. Wurzelf. *(e)r-e-, wie auch:) rẽsvąs `selten, dünn', paresvis `spärlich';

    aksl. oriti `auflösen, stürzen, zerstören' (Kaus. *oréi̯ō `mache auseinandergehen'), skr. obòriti `niederwerfen', čech. obořiti `zerstören', russ. razorítь ds.

    er-dh-:

    ai. ŕ̥dhak `besonders, abgesondert', árdha-ḥ `Teil, Seite, Hälfte', ardhá- `halb', n. `Teil, Hälfte';

    lit. ardaũ, -ýti `trennen, spalten' (Kaus., wie ksl. oriti) ; er̃dvas `weit, geräumig', lett. ā̀rdaws, ir̃dens `locker, mürbe', ḕrds `locker, bequem (geräumig'), ir̃dít, ir̃dinât `lockern, trennen', ḕržu, ḕrdu, ḕrst `trennen'.

    rē-dh-:

    aksl. rědъkъ `selten' (wohl stoßtonig, vgl. čech. řidký, sloven. rẹ́dǝk, trotz serb.-kroat. rȉjedkī, rîdkī);

    über ered- s. oben S. 329 f., über ereu- unter besonderem Artikel unten S. 337.

    Inwieweit die von Persson Beitr. 666, 773, 839 f. als Erweiterungen unseres *er(ǝ)- betrachteten Wurzeln rē-d- `scharren', rei-, reu- `aufreißen' ihr wirklich entstammen, ist fraglich; die bei *er(ǝ)- besonders ausgeprägte Bedeutung des lockern, undichten, auseinanderstehenden lassen sie ganz vermissen oder wenigstens nicht als herrschende Bedeutung erkennen.

References: WP. I 142 f., Trautmann 12 f.
Pages: 332-333
PIE database: PIE database
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,

Search within this database


Altaic etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Altaic: *ḗŕa
Nostratic: Nostratic
Meaning: to go astray, mistake
Russian meaning: сбиваться с пути, ошибаться
Turkic: *āŕ-
Mongolian: *ereɣü
Tungus-Manchu: *er[e]-
Korean: *ǝ̀rjǝ́-b-
Japanese: *árá-
Comments: EAS 107, 145-146, SKE 56 (Mong.:Tung.:Kor.). Mong. and Turk. have also suffixed forms that may belong to the same root (with front / back vowel variation): cf. Mong. arča- 'to quarrel, argue'; erüs- 'to rival, compete'; Turk. *ersi- 'mean, nasty' (see Дыбо 12); perhaps also Mong. *arila- 'to disappear, vanish' ( < '*to miss'), see MGCD 118.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,

Search within this database


Turkic etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Turkic: *āŕ-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: 1 to go astray, lose one's way 2 to lose mind, go mad 3 to miss
Russian meaning: 1 сбиваться с пути 2 сходить с ума 3 упускать, промахиваться
Old Turkic: az- 1 (Orkh., OUygh.)
Karakhanid: az- 1 (MK, IM)
Turkish: az- 1
Tatar: az- 1
Middle Turkic: az- (Sangl., Houts., Pav. C., Qutb) 1
Uzbek: ɔz- 1
Uighur: az- 1
Sary-Yughur: az- 1
Azerbaidzhan: az- 1
Turkmen: āz- 1
Khakassian: as- 1
Shor: as- 1
Oyrat: as- 1
Halaj: hāz- 1
Chuvash: or- 2
Yakut: ās- 1, 3
Tuva: as- 1
Kirghiz: az- 1
Kazakh: az- 1
Noghai: az- 1
Bashkir: aδ- 1
Gagauz: āz- (Дмитриев 1955) 1
Karaim: az- 1
Karakalpak: az- 1
Comments: EDT 279, VEWT 22, 33, 193, Федотов 2, 283, ЭСТЯ 1, 94-95.
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-khal,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-tuv,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-reference,

Search within this database


Mongolian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Mongolian: *ereɣü
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: torture, crime
Russian meaning: пытка, преступление
Written Mongolian: eregü(ü) (L 321)
Middle Mongolian: ere'u (SH)
Khalkha: erǖ
Buriat: erǖdelge, erǖde- 'to torture'
Kalmuck: erǖ
Ordos: erǖ
Dagur: erūle- 'to torture' (MD 146), erun
Comments: KW 128, MGCD 269.
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dag,monget-reference,

Search within this database


Tungus etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *er[e]-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: 1 bad 2 torture, torment 3 to torture 4 to be mistaken
Russian meaning: 1 плохой 2 пытка, мучение 3 мучить 4 ошибаться
Evenki: erū 1, ere- 4
Literary Manchu: eru-n 1
Ulcha: eru-le- 2
Nanai: erũ 2
Solon: erū 1
Comments: ТМС 2, 465-466. For all the forms except Evk. ere- borrowing from Mong. cannot be excluded (see Doerfer MT 39, Rozycki 71), thus the actual TM protoform could have been *ere-.
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-man,tunget-ulc,tunget-nan,tunget-sol,tunget-reference,

Search within this database


Korean etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Korean: *ǝ̀rjǝ́-b-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: to be difficult, hard, in distress
Russian meaning: быть трудным, находиться в затруднении
Modern Korean: ǝrjǝp- (-w-)
Middle Korean: ǝ̀rjǝ́p- (-w-)
Comments: Nam 360, KED 1127.
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,

Search within this database


Japanese etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Japanese: *árá-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: to behave violently, be in distress
Russian meaning: быть бурным, буйствовать; быть заброшенным
Old Japanese: ara-
Middle Japanese: ara-
Tokyo: àre-
Kyoto: áré-
Kagoshima: àré-
Comments: JLTT 677.
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,

Search within this database


Uralic etymology :

Search within this database
Number: 28
Proto: *arV-
> Nostratic: > Nostratic
English meaning: to tear, rip
German meaning: reissen, abreissen, zerreissen
Udmurt (Votyak): ur- (S), ȯr- (K) 'abreißen; (aus)jäten'
Komi (Zyrian): or- (S P) '(zer)reißen, entzweigehen', u.r (PO) 'abreißen', (Wied.) or- 'abreißen, abbrechen; matt werden, ermatten, ermüden' ( > Khant. ăr- 'abmagern und seine Kraft verlieren', Mans. N ūr- 'abmagern')
Khanty (Ostyak): ari̮- (V) 'zerbrechen', orǝj- (DN) 'sich abnutzen (Kleidung)', ari- (O) 'zerreißen (ein Kleidungsstück)'
Mansi (Vogul): årt- (T), ōrt- (K P), ārt- (TJ), ōrt- (P) 'müde werden'
Hungarian: ár- (dial.) 'verderben, faulen, schlecht werden', árt- 'schaden'
References: КЭСКЯ; DEWO 162; MUSz. 754; SzófSz.; EtSz.; MSzFgrE; TESz; ИВПЯ 58
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-udm,uralet-kom,uralet-khn,uralet-man,uralet-ugr,uralet-lit,

Search within this database


Dravidian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Dravidian : *ed_-
Meaning : to go beyond, transgress
Proto-South Dravidian: *ir_-
Proto-North Dravidian : *es-
dravet-meaning,dravet-sdr,dravet-ndr,

Search within this database


South Dravidian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-South Dravidian : *ir_-
Meaning : to die; to extinguish
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Tamil : ir_a (-pp-, -nt-)
Tamil meaning : to die, become obsolete, depart
Tamil derivates : ir_akku (ir_akki-) to kill; ir_appu, ir_avi, ir_avu death; ir_u (ir_uv-, ir_r_-) to die, end in; (-pp-, -tt-) to destroy, bring to an end; ir_uti, īr_u termination, end, death, limit; īr_r_-ayal penultimate
Malayalam : ir_akkuka
Malayalam meaning : to die
Malayalam derivates : ir_appu, ir_uti end; īr_u ruin
Kannada : irku, ikku
Kannada meaning : to kill, destroy; n. killing, destroying
Kannada derivates : irkisu to cause to kill
Tulu : irkāvuni, ikkāvuni
Tulu meaning : to extinguish
Tulu derivates : irkuni to be quenched
Number in DED : 0514
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-tulder,sdret-dednum,

Search within this database


North Dravidian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-North-Dravidian : *es-
Meaning : to transgress
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Kurukh : esnā (essas)
Number in DED : 515
ndret-meaning,ndret-prnum,ndret-kur,ndret-dednum,

Search within this database

Select another database
Change viewing parameters
Total pages generatedPages generated by this script
8506041633186
Help
StarLing database serverPowered byCGI scripts
Copyright 1998-2003 by S. StarostinCopyright 1998-2003 by G. Bronnikov
Copyright 2005-2014 by Phil Krylov