Afroasiatic etymology : List with all references

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ḫunʒ(-ir)-

Meaning: pig

Semitic: *ḫV(n)zīr- 'pig'

Berber: *-gVnduz 'calf' 1, 'piglet (?)' 2 (?)

Western Chadic: *gunVʒ- 'wild boar' ~ *gursun-'pig'

Central Chadic: *ḫaʒ-in- 'pig' ~ (H)avanʒ(-Vr)- 'porcupine'

East Chadic: *ku/inǯ(-u/ir)- 'porcupine' 1, (?) 'pig'

Omotic: *guʒin/m- 'pig'

Notes: Otherwise <*qunʒ(-ir)-, cf. ECh. Cf. CCh Daba guldom- 'pork' and Oromo golǯaa, Sid golǯo 'boar'. Cf. HSED 1374 (Sem; WCh: Hs; ECh: Dgl Kbl; note LEC, HEC); Sk Hs 93; Lamb Sh 313 (Old Cush *gudim- 'dog/pig')

Number: 2393

Proto-Semitic: *ḫV(n)zīr-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: pig

Akkadian: ḫuzīru 'hog' OAkk. on [CAD ḫ 266], [AHw. 362]. Reliably attested in Old Assyrian only (e.g., šumma ḫu-zi-ru lā ikabb[erū] 'if the pigs do not grow fat' BIN 6 84:35). In Malku Malku V 45 equated to the standard Akk. term for pig šaḫû. In proper names, from OAkk. on which does not necessarily pressupose that the term was vernacular and currently used in the respective dialects. Note that šaḫû seems not to be attested syllabically in the Assyrian dialects so that one wonders whether ḫuzīru was the Assyrian word for 'pig' (suggested in nuce in [CAD š1 103] where the logogram S̆AH in a Neo-Assyrian letter is said to be probably read as ḫuzīru). The word ḫuzirtu which denotes a kind of insect (in the combination ḫuzirtu ša eḳli) is thought to be derived from this term in [CAD] and [AHw.].

Ugaritic: ḫu-zi-rù /ḫuzīru/ 'pig' [Huehner. 128]. Equated to Sum. [S̆A]H_, Akk. šeḫû (sic, instead of the standard šaḫû). The term is not attested alphabetically in spite of a widespread assumption (cf. e.g. [Sasson 415]) since the terms ḫnzr and ḫzr denote a profession or an administrative function (v. [Huehner. 84-5] and [DLU 195, 204]).

Hebrew: ḥăzīr 'swine, boar' [KB 302] (from an earlier *ḥuzīr-, cf. ḥwzyr in Qumran Hebrew [DCH 184]); pB. [Ja. 443] (also ḥăzīrā 'sow'). The only passage where ḥ. explicitly denotes a wild boar is Ps 80.14 (ḥăzīr miyyāʕar 'wild boar from a thicket'). In other passages, including the well-known dietary prohibitions of Lv 11.7, Dt 14.8 ḥ. must denote, at least primarily, a domesticated pig.

Aramaic: Off. ḥzwr 'pig, swine' [HJ 357].

Judaic Aramaic: ḥăzīr (det. ḥăzīrā, f. ḥăzīrtā) 'swine' [Ja. 444], ḥazzērā 'swine-herd' [ibid.], ḥzyr (f. ḥzyrh, det. ḥzyrth) 'sow' [Sok. 194].

Syrian Aramaic: ḥzīrā, ḥzīrtā 'sus' [Brock. 225-6], [PS 1239].

Mandaic Aramaic: hizura 'pig, wild pig, boar' [DM 142].

Arabic: ḫinzīr- 'porc, cochon; sanglier', ḫinzīrat- 'cochon femelle, truie' [BK 1 639], [LA IV 260]. Cf. ḫanzuwān- 'porc, cochon mâ̂le' (also 'singe mâle') [BK 1 639], [LA V 347].

Geʕez (Ethiopian): ḫanzir (ḥanzar, ḥanzir, ḥǝnzir) 'pig, wild boar' [LGz. 263].

Mehri: ḫǝnzīr 'pig' [JM 445].

Jibbali: ḫanzír 'pig' [JJ 303].

Notes: According to [Zimmern 50] (followed by most later authorities, cf., e.g., [Jefferey 126], [LGz. 263]), the Arb. and Gez. forms are Aramaisms. While probably correct for Gez., this view needs serious argumentation in what concerns Arb., in particular because of the -n- which is not found in any attested Arm. language. As for the relationship between the Hbr. and Arm. forms and Akk. ḫumṣīru (also suggested by Zimmern and remarkably popular in Assyriological literature, see most recently [Englund 44]), it is most unlikely already for phonological reasons, not to speak about semantics (the Akk. term means 'mouse', not 'pig'). The MSA forms are likely borrowed from Arb. Cf. Tgr. ḥǝnǯur 'wasp' (d'Abb.: 'scarabée')' [LH 86], curious in view of the meaning shift 'sow' > 'kind of insect' presumably attested in Akk. (к переходу значения см. акк. выше). [Fron. 31]: *ḫa(z)zīr- 'maiale' (Arb., Syr., Hbr., Ugr. /ḫzr, ḫnzr/, Akk.); [KB 302]: Hbr., Arm., Ugr. (ḥnzr, sic!), Arb., Gez. (< Arb.), Akk. (ḫuzīru, ḫumṣīru); [Brock. 225-6]: Syr., Arm., Akk. (ḫumṣīru 'mus'); Arb. (ḫinzīr-) and Gez. are regarded as borrowings while the verbal root ḫzr 'strabo fuit' is unconvincingly posited as the true Arb. parallel for the present root; [LGz. 263]: Gez. (< Arb.), Arb., Hbr., Arm., Akk., Ugr. (ḫnzr, cf. above); [Firmage 1153]: Akk., Hbr., Ugr., Arm., Gez., Arb.

Proto-Berber: *-gVnduz

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'calf' 1, 'piglet (?)' 2

Semlal: aknnǖz n-tarūšt 'les petits du porc-épic (tarūšt 'porc-épic')

Rif: a-yenduz 'taureau'

Menasser: a-genduz 1

Sened: Snhj a-genduz 1

Iznassen: a-yenduz 1

Snus: a-yenduz 1

Shenwa: a-genduz 1

Qabyle (Ayt Mangellat): a-genduz 1

Notes: Koss 413. Cf. a-ḫǝnnūs, a-knuz (lang. unknown)

Proto-WChadic: *gunVʒ- ~ *gursun-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'wild boar' 1, 'pig' 2

Hausa: gúnzū́ 1, gursunu 2 (Abr Hs 346)

Mupun: gurusunu (<Hs?)

Proto-CChadic: *ḫaʒ-in- ~ (H)avanʒ(-Vr)-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'pig' 1, 'porcupine' 2

Lamang: ḫʔvaz 'pig'; Hidkala ā́vàndzra 'porcupine' Dolg Marb

Musgu: aǯin, azǝŋ 'pig'

Notes: Sk Hs 94

Proto-EChadic: *ku/inǯ(-u/ir)-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'porcupine' 1, 'pig' 2 (<Arb?)

Kabalai: kunǯu 1

Dangla: kinzir 2

Mokilko: kìnzîr 2

Notes: Dng kinzir and Mkk kìnzîr 'pig' are very possibly Arabisms

Proto-Omotic: *guʒin/m-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: pig

Ometo: Sheko gudine, Wol gudun-ta, Gamu gudun-ci, Dač̣e gudun-c̣, Gofa gudun-c̣a,

Kafa (Kaficho): gudino

Ari: gudim

Notes: Lamb Sh 313 ('Schwein'). Cf. Mao kand [Bnd. Om. 304], Ganza kuze/äl 'pig' ibid 281

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