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Afroasiatic etymology :

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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *č̣ipar-
Meaning: fingernail
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
Semitic: *t_̣ip(V)r- 'fingernail'
Central Cushitic (Agaw): *c̣ifar- 'finger' (unless <Eth)
High East Cushitic: *ʒurup- 'fingers' (pl.) (?)
South Cushitic: *č̣araf- 'fingernail'
Omotic: *ǯafar- 'finger' (?)
Notes: Cf. HSED, 513: most of Sem.; CCush.; SCush. irregular CCush., HEC and Omot. forms (probably unrelated).
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-sem,afaset-agw,afaset-hec,afaset-scu,afaset-omo,afaset-notes,

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Semitic etymology :

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Number: 2233
Proto-Semitic: *t_̣ip(V)r- {} *č̣ip(V)r-
Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology
Meaning: nail
Akkadian: ṣupru OB on [CAD ṣ 250], [AHw 1113]
Amorite: ṣupru [CAAA 34]
Hebrew: ṣippōrän [KB 1051].

    Gemination of the second radical may be due to the association with ṣippōr 'bird'. On suffixed -n see Introduction

Biblical Aramaic: ṭipr-ṓhī (pl. suff.) [KB deutsch 1716]
Judaic Aramaic: ṭuprā, ṭǝpar 'nail, claw' [Ja 525]; ṭpr, pl. ṭwpryn [Sok 230]; ṭuprānā 'nails' [Ja 526], with the -ān- suffix
Syrian Aramaic: ṭeprā [Brock 286]
Modern Aramaic: MAL ṭefra '(Finger-)Nagel' [Berg 98] HRT ṭepra '(Finger-, Fuss-) Nagel [J Hert 201] NASS ṭɔrpɔ 'nail' [Tser 094] (metathesis), ṭuṗurta 'claw, nail' [ibid.] (p assimilated to ṭ) ZKH ṭupra '(toe)nail' [R Zakho 110] MMND ṭofra 'claw, paw' [M MND 497, 514]
Mandaic Aramaic: ṭupra 'claw, nail' [DM 178]
Arabic: d_̣ifr-, d_̣ufr-, d_̣ufur- [BK 2 135]
Modern Arabic: Cf. Urm ṭipr- 'tail'
Geʕez (Ethiopian): ṣǝfr 'fingernail, claw' [LGz 549]
Tigre: ṣǝfǝr 'finger, toenail' [LH 650]
Tigrai (Tigriñña): ṣǝfri 'unghia, artiglio' [Bass 975]
Amharic: ṭǝfǝr 'claw, hoof, nail' [K 2195]
Gafat: ṣǝfrä 'ongle, griffe' [LGaf 234]
Harari: ṭifir 'claw, fingernail' [LHar 152]
East Ethiopic: SEL tifǝr, WOL ZWY ṭǝfǝr [LGur 514]
Gurage: CHA EŽA GYE MUH MSQ GOG SOD (GOG also ṭäfǝr with -a-), ENN END ʔǝ̃fǝr (ʔ <*ṣ ??) [ibid.]
Mehri: d_̣fēr 'nail of a finger or toe, claw' [JM 83]
Jibbali: d_̣ífɛ́r [JJ 48]
Harsusi: d_̣efīr [JH 29]
Soqotri: ṭífer (ṭífher) [LS 207] (see also [SSL LS 1477; SSL 4 98])
Notes: Also *t_̣up(V)r- {} *č̣up(V)r- where -u- of the first syllable can possibly be explained as an independent development in individual languages under the influence of -p-.

    MSA *d_̣ifīr-.

    [Fron 49] (*ẓupr- 'unghia, artiglio' /GEZ,ARB,JUD,HBR,AKK/); [Holma 127]: AKK, ARB, SYR, ARM, GEZ, HBR; [KB 1051]: HBR, AKK, ARM, ARB, GEZ, TGR; [Brock 286]: SYR, JUD, HBR, AKK, ARB, GEZ; [LGz 549]: GEZ, ETH, ARB, JIB, HBR, ARM; [LS 207]: SOQ, MSA, ARB, HBR, ARM, GEZ, AKK

semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-akk,semet-amo,semet-hbr,semet-bib,semet-jud,semet-syr,semet-new,semet-mnd,semet-ara,semet-dial,semet-gzz,semet-tgr,semet-tgy,semet-amh,semet-gaf,semet-hrr,semet-east,semet-gur,semet-mhr,semet-jib,semet-hss,semet-soq,semet-notes,

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Central Cushitic (Agaw) etymology :

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Proto-Agaw: *c̣ifar-
Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology
Meaning: 'finger'
Bilin: c̣ǝfǝr
Qwara: ǯerfa
Dembea: (?) zalfa
Awiya (Aungi): tseefir
Notes: Metathesis in Kwr and Dmb. Unless <Eth.
agwet-prnum,agwet-meaning,agwet-bil,agwet-kwr,agwet-dmb,agwet-aun,agwet-notes,

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High East Cushitic etymology :

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Proto-High East Cushitic: *ʒurup- (?)
Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology
Meaning: 'fingers' (pl.)
Burji (Bambala, Dashe): zurup-mata
Notes: Unexpected *ʒ-. Metathesis?
hecet-prnum,hecet-meaning,hecet-bmb,hecet-notes,

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South Cushitic etymology :

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Proto-South Cushitic: *č̣araf-
Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology
Meaning: 'fingernail'
Alagwa (Wasi): č̣arafu
Burunge (Mbulungi): č̣arafu
Notes: Metathesis.
scuet-prnum,scuet-meaning,scuet-alg,scuet-bur,scuet-notes,

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Omotic etymology :

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Proto-Omotic: *ǯafar-
Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology
Meaning: 'finger'
Kafa (Kaficho): yafaroo
omoet-prnum,omoet-meaning,omoet-kaf,

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Long-range etymologies :

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Borean (approx.) : CVPV
Meaning : finger, claw
Eurasiatic : *č`wVṗV
Afroasiatic : *č̣ipar-
Reference : ND 427 (with somewhat different SH data).
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-reference,

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Nostratic etymology :

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Eurasiatic: *č`wVṗV
Meaning: finger, claw
Borean: Borean
Altaic: *ši̯op`a
Uralic: *čuppV 'finger'
References: ND 427 *č̣oṗV(RV) 'finger-nail, claw'.
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-reference,

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Altaic etymology :

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Proto-Altaic: *ši̯op`a
Nostratic: Nostratic
Meaning: claw, to claw
Russian meaning: коготь, хватать когтями
Mongolian: *sabur
Tungus-Manchu: *šopa-
Comments: Мудрак Дисс. 41. Cf. *sép`a.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-reference,

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Mongolian etymology :

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Proto-Mongolian: *sabur
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: bird's claws; fork
Russian meaning: птичьи когти; вилы
Written Mongolian: sabur, (L 653) sabar
Khalkha: savar
Buriat: habar
Kalmuck: sawṛ
Ordos: sawar
Dagur: sabǝr
Shary-Yoghur: sabar
Monguor: sawar (SM 330)
Comments: KW 316, MGCD 585. Mong. > Oyr. sabar etc.
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dag,monget-yuy,monget-mgr,monget-reference,

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Tungus etymology :

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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *šopa-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: 1 claws 2 to claw
Russian meaning: 1 когти 2 хватать когтями
Evenki: čowo-mo 1, čowīlā- 2
Negidal: čowo-kī 1
Spoken Manchu: sovǝrǝqǝ, sovǝrǝqu 'claw' (2288); šovǝrǝ-, sovuru- 'to grab' (1541)
Literary Manchu: šoforo 1, šoforo- 2
Nanai: cofola- (Bik.) 'to compress'
Oroch: čopokto 1, čopoktolo- 2
Comments: ТМС 2, 402.
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-neg,tunget-sib,tunget-man,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-reference,

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