Afroasiatic etymology : List with all references

Number: 2214

Proto-Semitic: *ŝaʕr- {} *ĉaʕr-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: hair (of body and head)

Akkadian: šārtu 'hair, hairy skin; eyebrow' OB on [CAD š1 125], [AHw 1191].

Note a stable -ā- instead of the expected -ē- (<*-Vʕ-). Cf. šuʔru, šūru 'eyebrow' OB, SB [CAD š3 366], [AHw 1287]

Eblaitic: sa-ra-tum, šè-ra-du-um /s^yaʕratum/ [Fr 180; Kr 35; Bl E No. 28]

Ugaritic: šʕrt 'Wolle' [Aist 312], /šaʕartu/ [Huehner 183]

Hebrew: ŝēʕār 'hair' [KB 1344].

Possibly an old apophonic plural *ŝiʕar- from sing. ŝiʕr-; may it be reflected in the nomen unitatis ŝaʕărā [ibid. 1345] < *ŝaʕrat- < *ŝiʕrat- (*-i- >-a- before ʕ) ?

Biblical Aramaic: ŝǝʕar (constr.) 'Haar' [KB deutsch 1786]

Judaic Aramaic: sǝʕar, sēʕār (det. saʕrā) 'hair' [Ja 1613]; sʕr [Sok 571]

Syrian Aramaic: saʕrā 'crines' [Brock 488]

Modern Aramaic: MAL saʕra 'Haare' [Berg 78] MLH ṣʕore (pl.) 'Gerste' [J Mlah 198] HRT ṣʔare 'Gerste' [J Hert 199: die sekundäre Emphatisierung'] ṣeʔra 'Liegenhaar' [J Hert 199]

Mandaic Aramaic: sara 'hair' [DM 315]

Arabic: šaʕr- 'cheveux ou poil (chez l'homme)' [BK 1 1237]

Geʕez (Ethiopian): ŝǝʕǝrt 'hair of body or head' [LGz 525].

-ǝ- of the first syllable is probably from *-a- before ʕ followed by ǝ

Harsusi: ŝōr 'hair, wool' [JH 117]

Soqotri: ŝáʕihor (pl.) 'cheveux' [LS 432] (also [SSL LS 1472]); QALAN-V ŝä́ʕihoer 'poils de chèvre longs' [SSL 4 97]

Notes: ʌ-a- in most languages; as for HBR and GEZ, see below. ETH *ṣagʷar 'hair' (see [LGz 550]) sometimes compared to this root is not related (probably a Cushitism). Note that MHR ŝɛ̄r 'straw' [JM 370], JIB ŝáʕǝr do. [JJ 244] are not explained, as it may seem at a first glance, by a semantic shift 'hair' > 'straw', but rather originate from SEM *ŝaʕ(V)r- 'barley; grass; straw' (cf. [LGz 525]); the two roots are hardly related contrary to what is often assumed, cf. [Militarev Evidence 79] [Fron 43] (*ŝaʕr-(at-) 'capelli' [Holma 3]: AKK,HBR,ARB,SYR,GEZ [KB 1344]:HBR,ARM,EBLA,UGR,AKK,ARB,GEZ [Brock 488]: SYR,ARM,ARB,HBR,AKK,GEZ [LGz 525]: GEZ,ARB,SOQ,HBR,ARM,UGR,AKK [LS 432]: SOQ,ARB,HBR,SYR,GEZ (also ṣǝgʷǝr),AKK

Berber etymology :

Proto-Berber: *-zHar <*ĉVHar-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'hair'

Semlal: a-zzär

Seghrushen: a-zzar

Izdeg: a-zzar

East Chadic etymology :

Proto-EChadic: *ĉ/čVHVr-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'feather'

Dangla: číré [Fd]'long f.'

Migama: čéèrè [JMig]

Omotic etymology :

Proto-Omotic: *saHaR-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'hair'

Dizi (Maji): saaru

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : CVRV

Meaning : hair

Eurasiatic : *sVHrV

Afroasiatic : *ĉaʕVr-

Sino-Caucasian : *ć̣ħwǝ̄rǝ

Reference : ND 2228.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *sVHrV

Meaning: hair

Borean: Borean

Altaic: (Mong. sojir)

Uralic: *säɣV-rV ~ *säkrV

Dravidian: GK *sōṛ- 'hair (in beard)'

References: ND 2228 *ŝäɣUŕV 'hair'.

Uralic etymology :

Number: 1865

Proto: *säɣV-rV ~ *säkrV

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: hair

German meaning: Haar

Mordovian: (čer (E), šäjär (M) 'langes Haar - rejected by Redei)

Mari (Cheremis): (šar 'Pferdehaar - rejected by Redei)

Mansi (Vogul): šǟr (T) 'Pferdeschweif', sɔ̄̈r (KM), šār (P), sāɣǝr (So.) 'Roßhaar', sa'i̊r (N) 'Haar'

Hungarian: szőr 'Haar' (altung. szér), sörény 'Mähne' (altung. sereńe)

Nenets (Yurak): (tar 'Haar' - rejected by Redei)

Enets (Yen): (tōʔ (Ch.), toʔ (B) - rejected by Redei)

Nganasan (Tawgi): (tarʔ - rejected by Redei)

Selkup: (tar, tare 'Wolle' - rejected by Redei)

Kamass: (ther 'Haar, Wolle - rejected by Redei)

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ć̣ħwǝ̄rǝ́

Meaning: hair

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *ć̣ħwǝ̄rǝ

Basque: *čor̄u

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *ć̣ħwǝ̄rǝ

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: hair; switch, long branch

Proto-Nakh: *(p)s(ɦ)ārV

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *č̣urV

Proto-Tsezian: *č̣ur

Proto-Lak: č̣ara

Proto-Lezghian: *č̣aIr

Proto-Khinalug: č̣ar

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Correspondences are regular.

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *(p)s(ɦ)ārV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: long switch, long branch; wire

Chechen: sāra

Ingush: särg

Comments: In Ing. - a form with the diminutive *-ḳ (cf. also Chech. (Usl.) sārag id.). 6th class in both languages. Since there is no Bacb. reflex, it is impossible to determine whether we deal with PN *s- or *ps-, and whether there was a medial laryngeal. External evidence is in favour of PN *psɦārV.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *č̣urV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 horse's hair 2 graft, cutting

Avar: č̣or 2

Andian language: č̣ur 1 (Khaid.)

Comments: Av. paradigm A (gen. č̣óri-l). Khaidakov quotes also Av. č̣ir-iq̇: 'a k. of vermin' lit. "hair-parasite" - probably some dialectal form.

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *č̣ur

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: women's hair

Gunzib: č̣ur

Comments: The Gunz. form is quoted from Khaidakov, thus not very reliable.

Lak etymology :

Lak root: č̣ara

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: hair

Lak form: č̣ara

Comments: 4th class. Cf. Khosr. č̣arā id.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *č̣aIr

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: hair

Lezghian: č̣ar

Tabasaran: č̣ar

Agul: č̣ar

Rutul: č̣ar

Tsakhur: č̣aIr

Kryz: č̣er

Budukh: č̣er

Archi: č̣aIri

Comment: Obl. base *č̣aIra-, cf. Ag., Rut. č̣ara-, Tsakh. č̣aIra-. 4th class in Tsakh. and Arch., 3d class in Kryz. and Bud. In most languages (except Tsakh. and Arch.) the root also means "goat's wool".

See Талибов 1960а, 296; Лексика 1971, 105.