Nostratic etymology : List with all references

Number: 323

Proto: *kitke (*kütke-)

English meaning: to bind

German meaning: binden

Finnish: kytke- 'binden, fesseln', kytkyt (gen. kytkyen) 'Fessel, Halseisen' ( > Saam. N gieŧkoš, giŧkuš '(cow's) collar made of wood or iron')

Estonian: kütke (gen. kütke, kütkme) 'Halfter für Rindvieh'

Mari (Cheremis): kǝcke- (KB), kićke- (U B) 'einspannen, vorspannen'

Udmurt (Votyak): ke̊tki̊-, ki̮tki̮- (S), kǝ̑tkǝ̑- (K) 'einspannen (das Pferd), anschirren', kị̑tkị̑- (G) 'anspannen'

Mansi (Vogul): kät- (TJ, P) 'binden'

Hungarian: köt- 'binden; stricken; (altung.) verpflichten'

Sammalahti's version: FU *kütki-

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *GuT- (?)

Meaning : to be tight, tightly bound together

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *guT-

Proto-Telugu : *kud-

Notes : Initial consonant unclear.

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *guT-

Meaning : tightness; to tie

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : kutai

Tamil meaning : loop, running knot, button or clasp of a bracelet

Malayalam : kuta

Malayalam meaning : loop (as of bowstring)

Malayalam derivates : kutam tightness, elasticity

Kannada : kude

Kannada meaning : a fetter

Kannada derivates : gutta closeness, tightness; gudi to tie the feet or legs; gudi, gudige, guduge, gudupu rope for the feet used in climbing palm trees; guddi a clog tied to the neck of cattle

Number in DED : 1713

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *kud-

Meaning : to become tight or close (as a knot)

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : kudiyu

Telugu (Krishnamurti) : kuducu "to hold tight, tie tight"

Additional forms : Also guttamu fitting, tight (as a bracelet); gudi-gar_r_a a clog tied to the neck of cattle

Number in DED : 1713

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : KVTV

Meaning : to bind, girdle

Eurasiatic : *KuTV

Sino-Caucasian : *QwVdV

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *QwVdV

Meaning: girdle

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Sino-Tibetan: *qhʷēt

Yenisseian: *h[e]qtV

Comments and references : Cf. *xq̇warṭV̄^T .

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *qhʷēt

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: encircle, girdle, embrace

Tibetan: mkhjud-pa to keep, to hold, embrace, ãkhjud-pa to embrace.

Kachin: mǝkjit³ to gird, girdle, (H) kjit to gird, girdle, gjit to tie, bind.

Lushai: vēt (veʔ) to put round or in, cause to encircle.

Yenisseian etymology :

Proto-Yenisseian: *h[e]qtV

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: girdle, belt

Yug: axtaŋ⁵ / axta:hŋ⁴ / ɛxtaŋ⁵ / ɛxta:^hŋ⁴, pl. axtaŋɨn⁵ / ɛxtaŋɨn⁵; (Кастр.) eäqta, pl. eäqtān "belt"

Kottish: hītēg, *hītēx, pl. hītakŋ "belt"; Ass. (Бол.) xitej id.

Arin: ittä (Лоск.) "belt"

Comments: ССЕ 231. Werner (...) explained the Yug form as a compound: *ɛʔx "groin" (?) + t (gen.) + a:^hŋ "rope"; this is rather dubious, first of all, because the word ɛʔx 'groin', as far as I know, is not attested in any sources. The same explanation ("aχ / ɛχ 'Taille', 'Busen' (?) + t + a:^hŋ 'Seil') is repeated in Werner 1, 88, however, with an additional possibility: "oder man könnte den ersten Teil dieses Wortes mit dem jug. Verbum aχtej 'zumachen' verbinden". Kott. hītēg is treated (Werner 1, 317) as a compound hit 'man' + thēg 'belt' (?). Despite all these hypotheses the straightforward comparison of ɛxtaŋ with Kott. hīteg remains for me the most plausible solution. Pump. (Срсл.) ekta 'belt' is most probably a recording of the Yug form. The stem indeed resembles a compound, but the components are so far unclear.