Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *HaḳumV

Meaning: sky, cloud

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *akVm- (but 'stone' hardly here)

Uralic: *kumV

Kartvelian: *ḳwam-/ḳwm-

Dravidian: *kum-

References: ND 1067 *ḳümV(-Tä) 'fog, mist; cloud' (possibly also 1068a *ḲumʔV 'be hot, smoulder') . May be = *ḳUmV q.v.

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *k(')em-er/n-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: sky, cloud

Hittite: kammara- c. 'Wolke, Dunst, Qualm, Rauch' (Tischler 472-473 without convincing etymologies)

Germanic: *xim-in-a-, *xim-il-a- m.

Russ. meaning: небо, облако

References: [Different in Pokorny]

Comments: Cf. *akm- (/-k'-) 'stone, rock, (heaven, cloud)' #24

Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *xim-in-a-, *xim-il-a- m.

IE etymology: IE etymology

Gothic: { himin-s }

Old Norse: { himin-n }

Old English: heofon

English: heaven

Old Frisian: himul, himel

Old Saxon: himil; hevan

Middle Dutch: hēmel

Dutch: hemel

Middle Low German: hemmel; hēven

Old High German: himil (8.Jh.)

Middle High German: himel st. m. 'himmel; baldachin, trag-, thronhimmel'

German: Himmel m.

Uralic etymology :

Number: 401

Proto: *kumV

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: cloud

German meaning: Wolke

Finnish: kumuri 'Wölkchen'

Mordovian: kovol (E) 'Wolke'

Komi (Zyrian): ki̮me̮r, ki̮me̮^.r (S P) 'Wolke', ki̮med- (VO) 'заслонять свет'

Mansi (Vogul): χomχat- (So.) 'nebelig werden'

Hungarian: homály 'Finsternis, Dunkelheit; (altung.) finstere Wolke, Nebel'

Sammalahti's version: *kumala [warum *-la? - EH)

Kartvelian etymology :

Proto-Kartvelian: *ḳwam-/ḳwm-

Nostratic: Nostratic

Russian meaning: дымиться

English meaning: to smoke (intr.)

Georgian: ḳwm-; ḳwaml- 'smoke'

Megrel: ḳum-a

Megrel meaning (Rus.): дым

Megrel meaning (Eng.): smoke

Svan: ḳwām-; ḳwäm 'smoke'

Laz: mḳom-; ḳom-a 'smoke'

Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 108-109, EWK 193-194. Интересно сравнить с алт. *k`oĺmV 'тень, облако' (связь с ПСК *ḳ_wɨ̆nħV 'дым' представляется менее вероятной).

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *kum-

Meaning : smell of embers, smoke

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *kumb-/*kUm-

Proto-Telugu : *kumm-

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *kum-

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *kumb-/*kUm-

Meaning : hot, charred; smell of ashes

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : kumpu (kumpi-)

Tamil meaning : to become charred (as food when boiled with insufficient water)

Tamil derivates : kumpal smell of charred rice; kumpi hot ashes; kumur_u (kumur_i-) to burst with distress; kumai (-v-, -nt-) to be hot, sultry

Malayalam : kumpi, kumpiri

Malayalam meaning : mirage

Malayalam derivates : kumpal inward heat; kummu expr. descriptive of heat; kummal sultriness, mustiness; kumur_uka, kumir_uka to be hot, close; kumur_al oppressive heat; ? kukkuka to be hot; ? kuppu heat

Kannada : kome

Kannada meaning : to begin to burn, as fire or anger

Tulu : kumbi

Tulu meaning : mirage

Tulu derivates : gumulu fire burning in embers; gumuluni to be hot, feel hot as in a fit of fever

Number in DED : 1752

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *kumm-

Meaning : smouldering ashes

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : kummu

Additional forms : Also kumulu to smoulder, burn slowly underneath without flame, be consumed inwardly, grieve, pine

Number in DED : 1752

Gondwan etymology :

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *kum-

Meaning : smoke

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Gondi : *kum-

Gondi etymology :

Proto-Gondi : *kum-

Meaning : smoke

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Koya Gondi : kumpōḍ (Su.)

Additional forms : Also Gondi_Hislop kum smoke

Number in DED : 1752

Number in CVOTGD : 763

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : HVKMV

Meaning : sky, cloud

Eurasiatic : *HaḳumV

Sino-Caucasian : *ḳwɨ̆́ŋħV

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ḳwɨ̆́ŋħV

Meaning: smell; smoke

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *ḳ_wɨ̆nħV

Sino-Tibetan: *ghiw

Yenisseian: *gi(ʔ)ŋ

Basque: *(e=)kee

Comments and references : HGC 22, WFR 67.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *ḳ_wɨ̆nħV

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: smoke

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *ḳ:ʷinhi

Proto-Tsezian: *qʷɨ (~*qo)

Proto-Lak: ḳuw

Proto-Dargwa: *k:aw

Proto-Lezghian: *k:un:

Proto-West Caucasian: *ʁʷA

Notes: A widely spread common NC root. Correspondences are fully regular. See Abdokov 1983, 101 (Tsez.: WC).

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *ḳ:ʷinhi

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: smoke

Avar: ḳ:uj

Chadakolob: ḳʷi

Andian language: ḳ:ʷoj

Akhvakh: ḳ:ʷī̃

Tindi: k:ʷĩ

Karata: ḳ:ũji (Tok.)

Bagvalal: ḳ:ũj

Comments: Cf. also Akhv. Tseg. ḳ:ũj. Av. paradigm A (ḳ:új-dul, ḳ:úja-l).

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *qʷɨ (~*qo)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: smoke

Bezhta: qo

Gunzib: qo

Comments: PGB *qo.

Lak etymology :

Lak root: ḳuw

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: soot

Lak form: ḳuw

Comments: 4th class. Cf. Khosr. ḳʷa (gen. ḳu-ra-l) id.

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *k:aw

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: smoke

Akusha: gaw

Comments: Cf. also Ur. gaw, Gapsh. k:aw etc.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *k:un:

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 smoke 2 dust

Archi: gun 2

Udi: k:uin 1

Comment: Cf. also Arch. erg. gunne (for PL *-n:), Ud. (MSU) k:üjün. 4th class in Archi. An important Arch.-Ud. isogloss, lost in other Lezgian languages.

Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :