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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *[ʒ]VḳV
Meaning: dirt, faeces
Chukchee-Kamchatkan: PCKor *ǝcɣej 'sand, pebbles'
Comments: Possible if: Kartv. (assim.) < *mʒiḳu-; Ur. (assim.) < *śäksä ?
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-chuk,nostret-notes,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *s[e]k-
Meaning: faeces
Hittite: sakar, gen. saknas `Kot, Excrement'
Old Indian: ava-, apa-skara- m. `faeces, ordure'
Old Greek: skō̂r, gen. skatós n. `Kot, Exkrement'
Russ. meaning: дерьмо
piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-ind,piet-greek,piet-germ,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *skarna-n
Meaning: dung, filth
Old Norse: skarn n. `Mist, Dünger'
Norwegian: skarn
Swedish: skarn `Unrat, Auswurf'
Danish: skarn
Old English: scearn, -es n. `dung, filth, sharn'
English: sharn
Old Frisian: skern
Middle Dutch: scharn
Middle Low German: scharn
Low German: scharn
Old High German: scarno m. (de plant)
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-swed,germet-dan,germet-oengl,germet-engl,germet-ofris,germet-mdutch,germet-mlg,germet-lg,germet-ohg,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 1741
Root: sker-(d)-
English meaning: to defecate
German meaning: `cacāre; Mist, Kot des Leibes'
Material: Av. sairya- `Dünger, Mist', mpers. sargōn, np. sargīn ds.; gr. σκω̃ρ, σκατός `Kot', wovon σκωρία `Schlacke';
lat. mūscerda `Mäusekot'; sūcerda `Schweinekot', bū-, ovi-cerda haben cerda für *scerda durch falsche Zerlegung von mū[s]scerda; aksl. skarędъ `ekelhaft' entscheidet dafür freilich nicht, vgl. ai. chr̥nátti, chardayati `erbricht, speit aus', mir. sceirdim `speie aus', als d-Erw. unseressk̂er-;
aisl. skarn, ags. scearn, afries skern, nd. scharn `Mist';
lett. sãrn̨i Pl. `Schlacken, Menstrua, Excremente', lit. šarwai `Menstrua'; urslav. *serǫ (*seri̯ō), *sьrati `cacāre' (z. B. Serb. sȅrem, srȁti), russ. sór `Mist', usw.
hitt. šakkar n., Gen. šaknaš `Kot, Exkremente', šaknu-u̯ant `unrein'.
References: WP. II 587 f., WH. II 133 f., Trautmann 303, Frisk Indogerm. 25 f.
Pages: 947-948
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *ǯak`V ( ~ č-)
Meaning: gravel, pebbles
Russian meaning: галька
Comments: Lee 1958, 113. A Tung.-Kor. isogloss. Because of the MKor. form a reconstruction *ǯajk`V is also possible. altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *ǯaxar(a)
Meaning: gravel, pebbles
Russian meaning: галька
Literary Manchu: ǯaχara, ǯaχari
Nanai: ǯaχar
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-man,tunget-nan,tunget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *čjàkà-
Meaning: 1 gravel, pebbles 2 mother of pearl
Russian meaning: 1 галька 2 перламутр
Modern Korean: čagal 1, čagä 2
Middle Korean: čjàkài 2, čjakai-tor 1
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 1563
Proto: *säksä
English meaning: dirt, dirty
German meaning: Schmutz, Unreinlichkeit; schmutzig, unrein
Saam (Lapp): sāikse (T), sāχs (Kld. Not.) 'Schmutz, Unreinlichkeit'
Mordovian: seks, sekśe (E), seksa (M) 'Schmutz, Unreinigkeit (am menschlichen Körper)'
Udmurt (Votyak): ses (J) 'Unreinigkeit'
Komi (Zyrian): se̮s (Ud. I) 'Abscheuligkeit, Häßlichkeit; abscheulich, unrein', se̮ste̮m (Ud. P) 'rein, sauber, reinlich, schön' ( > Khanty O sistȧm, Kaz. sĭstam 'rein', So. sistam 'sauber'), se̮ste̮mti- (V) 'rein machen, sauber machen' ( > Khanty Kaz. sĭstamt- 'reinigen', Mansi So. sistamt- 'säubern')
Sammalahti's version: *säksä
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-saa,uralet-mrd,uralet-udm,uralet-kom,uralet-samm2,
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Kartvelian etymology :
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Proto-Kartvelian: *mc̣iḳu-
Russian meaning: пачкать, загрязнять
English meaning: to dirty, befoul
Georgian: mc̣iḳ-
Megrel: c̣iḳ(w)-
Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 142.
kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-meg,kartet-notes,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : CVKV
Meaning : dirt, faeces
Amerind (misc.) : *ṭuki (rather: *c̣uki) 'black; excrement' (R 65) [+ A K]? globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-scc,globet-amer,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *č̣Hɨ̆xq̇wẮ (~ -G-)
Meaning: dirt; resin
Comments and references : LDC 24.
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-yen,sccet-buru,sccet-basq,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *č̣_Hɨ̆q̇wĂ (~ *ć̣_-, -G-)
Meaning: dung, ordure, dirt
Notes: A Lezg.-WC isogloss. The comparison is quite satisfactory both phonetically and semantically. Cf., perhaps, also Akhv. čaḳ:i 'urine' - although this would raise some semantic and phonetic problems.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-lezg,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *č̣ɨq̇Iʷ / *č̣ʷɨq̇:I
Meaning: 1 ordure,faeces 2 dirt(on clothes) 3 eye secretion
Tabasaran: č̌q:I-ur 1
Rutul: č̣uq̇Iʷ 2
Tsakhur: č̣uq̇I 3
Kryz: č̣äq 3
Budukh: č̣uq̇ 3
Comment: Cf. also Tab. Düb. č̌uq:Iur 'faeces'. The Tab. and Kryz. forms go back to the variant *čʷɨq̇:I (in Tab. with a collective suffix -r), all other forms - to the variant *č̣ɨq̇Iʷ (with an assimilatively weakened q̇Iʷ). In Bud. the root means also "ear-wax", "mould" and "fish eggs".
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-tab,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-krz,lezget-bud,lezget-comment,
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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :
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Proto-West-Caucasian: *č̣Vq̇ʷǝ (~ *c̣-)
Meaning: manure, dung (of cattle)
Abaza: ħajwan-q̇ʷǝc̣
Ubykh: c̣aq̇ʷ
Comments: In Abaz. a compound (with the borrowed ħajwan 'animal'); metathesis is usual for expressive roots of this type. Since there is no Bzyb form, both *č̣ (PAT *ć̣) and *c̣ (PAT *c̣) can be reconstructed for PWC.
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-aba,abadet-ubk,abadet-comment,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *ǯik (~-g,-χ)
Meaning: resin, gum
Ket: dik
Yug: d́ik
Kottish: čīk, pl. -an "Harz; Schwefel"
Comments: ССЕ 310. Werner 1, 193 *d'ik.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-kot,yenet-notes,
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Burushaski etymology :
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Common Burushaski: *ćíki
Meaning: musk (from the navel of a mountain goat)
Hunza: ćíki
Nagar: ćhíki
Comments: Sh. ćhíki
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,buruet-notes,
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Basque etymology :
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Proto-Basque: *esko
Meaning: wax
Gipuzkoan: ezko
Low Navarrese: ezko
Lapurdian: ezko
Zuberoan: ezko
Comments: In this analysis Bsq *esko is syncopated in the usual way, from *e=Seko, or the like. BZK, GIP ezko 'damp, moist' is probably unrelated (see Bsq *hese / *heśe 'fresh, moist').
basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-gip,basqet-bnv,basqet-lab,basqet-zbr,basqet-comments,
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