Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *lVPV

Meaning: to rise, fly

Altaic: *lép`ó ( ~ *ĺ-)

Uralic: *le[m]pV (*lä[m]pV)

Eskimo-Aleut: *ńapa-(ʁ-)

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *lép`ó ( ~ *ĺ-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to rise, high

Russian meaning: подниматься, высокий

Tungus-Manchu: *lep- / *lupu-

Korean: *nòph-

Japanese: *nǝ́mpǝ́r-

Comments: Martin 1996, 98. An Eastern isogloss.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *lep- / *lupu-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to raise hands 2 to jump out 3 to move out 4 to pull out

Russian meaning: 1 поднимать руки 2 выскочить, вылететь 3 выходить, проникать 4 вытащить

Evenki: lupū- 3, luptu- 4

Negidal: lepujiken- 2

Literary Manchu: lebkide- 1

Ulcha: lupurum 4

Nanai: lopto- 4

Udighe: lopto- 4

Comments: ТМС 1, 511-512, 514.

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *nòph-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to be high, elevated

Russian meaning: быть высоким, приподнятым

Modern Korean: nop- [noph-]

Middle Korean: nòph-

Comments: Nam 113, KED 352.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *nǝ́mpǝ́r-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to rise

Russian meaning: подниматься

Old Japanese: nobor-

Middle Japanese: nóbór-

Tokyo: nòbor-

Kyoto: nóbór-

Kagoshima: nobór-

Comments: JLTT 736.

Uralic etymology :

Number: 481

Proto: *lempV (*lämpV)

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: to soar, fly

German meaning: schweben, fliegen

Udmurt (Votyak): lob- (S K) 'fliegen, schweben', lobal- (G) 'fliegen' ?

Komi (Zyrian): leb- (V), veb- (P) 'id.; auftauchen', le^.bal- (PO) 'fliegen'

Hungarian: lebëg- 'schweben, flattern', levegő 'Luft; (altung.) Gehänge; Zinne', libëg- 'schweben, schaukeln', libben- 'auffliegen, flattern' ?

Sammalahti's version: *ḷ-

Eskimo etymology :

Proto-Eskimo: *ńapa-(ʁ-)

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to stand erected, pole, mast

Russian meaning: стоять вертикально, столб, шест

Proto-Yupik: *ńapa-ʁ-

Proto-Inupik: *napa- (*-ru-, *-ʁ-ia-), *nappa-ʁ-

Comments: Could be an independent root, not related to *Napar 'tree'.

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 216

Yupik etymology :

Proto-Yupik: *ńapa-ʁ-

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: to erect, to set upright 1, pillar, pole, mast 2, prize on the pole, target on the pole 3

Russian Meaning: ставить вертикально 1, столб, мачта 2, приз на столбе, мишень 3

Sirenik: //japaʁ-, japaχtǝ- [Vakh.] 1, japáqaχ, japaʁjǝʁǝχ 2, japáχtǝkcǝ́χ 3

Chaplino: napáχtaqā 1, napáqaq (t), napáʁjaq (t), [nǝfkūtaq (t) 'pole'] 2, napáʁusaq (t) 3

Naukan: napáχtuq 1, napáxtǝ 'mast', napáχtuq 'pole', napáqulŋú 3

Alutiiq Alaskan Yupik: napaχtǝ- 1, napaʁjaq 2

Central Alaskan Yupik: napaχtǝ- 1, napaʁutaq, napaqutaq 2

Norton Sound (Peripheral): napaʁjaq 2

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 216

Inupik etymology :

Proto-Inupik: *napa- (*-ru-, *-ʁ-ia-), *nappa-ʁ-

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: to stand erected, to be upright 1, to erect, to raise up 2, sth. upright, post 3

Russian meaning: стоять вертикально 1, ставить вертикально, поднимать 2, нечто стоящее, вертикальное 3

Seward Peninsula Inupik: nappaq- 2, navaʁiaq 3

SPI Dialects: Imaq napátaq 3, napátoq 1

North Alaskan Inupik: napa- 1, nappaq- 2, naparuq 4, napaʁiaq 3, nappaq (ʁ) 'hump of hunchback'

NAI Dialects: Qaw napa- 1 (dead tree), napaʁiaq 3

Western Canadian Inupik: napa- 1, napāq- 2, napaʁiaq 3

Eastern Canadian Inupik: napa- 1, nappa(q)- 2, napajuq 3

ECI Dialects: Aiv napaʁiaq 3

Greenlandic Inupik: napa- (napavoq*) 1, nappaʁ- 2, napašuq 3

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 216, 217

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