Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *ʒwVHlV

Meaning: to pour, stream

Borean: Borean

Altaic: *ǯi̯ōlu

Kartvelian: *zɣwel-

Dravidian: *ǯal-

References: ND 452 *ĉalV 'to pour (out)' (Drav. + dub. IE, Ur, Arab.); 2669 *źaGuĺV ~ *źuGaĺV 'to flow, pour' (Kartv. + same Drav. + ??Hitt. + very dub. Turk. + Arab. + very dub. Berb.).

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *ǯi̯ōlu

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: river bed, stream

Russian meaning: русло реки, поток

Turkic: *jul

Mongolian: *ǯilga

Tungus-Manchu: *ǯila-

Comments: Лексика 89. A Western isogloss.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *jul

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: stream, brook, fountain

Russian meaning: река, ручей

Old Turkic: jul (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: jul (MK)

Khakassian: čul

Oyrat: jul

Chuvash: śъʷl

Salar: jul

Comments: EDT 917-918, VEWT 209-210, ЭСТЯ 4, 244.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *ǯilga

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: river bed, ravine

Russian meaning: русло реки, ущелье

Written Mongolian: ǯilɣa (L 1055)

Middle Mongolian: ǯilɣas (MA 372)

Khalkha: ǯalga

Buriat: žalga

Kalmuck: ǯalɣǝ (КРС)

Dagur: ǯalag (Тод. Даг. 142)

Shary-Yoghur: ǯalGa

Comments: MGCD 428. Mong. > Kirgh. ǯɨlɣa etc. (see VEWT 200, ЭСТЯ 4, 36-38).

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *ǯila-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: swift (not freezing) river current, ice-hole

Russian meaning: быстрое (незамерзающее) течение, прорубь

Literary Manchu: ǯilan, ǯulan

Comments: ТМС 1, 257.

Kartvelian etymology :

Proto-Kartvelian: *zɣwel-

Nostratic: Nostratic

Russian meaning: лить (о ливне)

English meaning: to pour down (of rain)

Georgian: zɣvel-

Megrel: zɣvar-zɣval-

Notes and references: EWK 149; Fähnr.-5

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *ǯal-

Meaning : 1 to strain, sprinkle 2 spring

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *čal-

Proto-Telugu : *ǯall-

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *ǯal-

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *ǯal-

Notes : Contaminated with *čàl- 'well, spring'.

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *čal-

Meaning : to sprinkle, scatter

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : callu (calli-)

Tamil meaning : to sprinkle water

Kannada : callu, cel, cellu, celaŋku

Kannada meaning : to scatter, pour out, shed, spill

Kannada derivates : callisu, cellisu to cause to scatter, etc.; calaku, calaŋku, calaŋgu to let go from the hand, discharge, throw away; jellane with a violent gush (of water); caḷe, caḷeya, caḷaka, caḷaya, caḷiya sprinkling

Kodagu : cell- (celli-)

Kodagu meaning : to throw away (liquid), scatter (grain)

Tulu : calluni

Tulu meaning : to spill, shed (intr.)

Tulu derivates : celluni to sprinkle, spill, shed; spill (intr.), drop; cellāṭa scattering, spilling

Number in DED : 2384

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *ǯall-

Meaning : rain, a shower, spray of rainwater, etc.; v.i. = callu

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : jallu

Number in DED : 2384

Kolami-Gadba etymology :

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *ǯal-

Meaning : to sow, scatter

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Salur Gadba : jall- "to sow seed, scatter"

Number in DED : 2373

Gondwan etymology :

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *ǯal-

Meaning : to strain, sprinkle (water)

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Gondi : *ǯal-

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *ǯal-

Gondi etymology :

Proto-Gondi : *ǯal-

Meaning : to strain water

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Seoni Gondi : jal- "to strain water from boiled rice"

Koya Gondi : jall- "to swill with water"

Additional forms : Also Gondi_Ko (Su.) all- to sprinkle (water)

Notes : Gondi_Ko jall- must be a local form (borrowed?).

Number in DED : 2384

Number in CVOTGD : 1403

Kui-Kuwi etymology :

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *ǯal-

Meaning : to scatter

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Kuwi (Schulze) : jallinai

Kuwi (Israel) : jal- (-it-) "to throw out liquids"

Number in DED : 2384

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : CVLV

Meaning : water, pour

Eurasiatic : *ʒwVHlV

Sino-Caucasian : *sdwV́lV

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *śdwV́lV

Meaning: water, to pour

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *=ōʒ_wV(lV)

Sino-Tibetan: *śiǝ̄lH

Burushaski: *chel

Comments and references : SCE 101.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *=ōʒ_wV(lV)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to pour, weep

Proto-Nakh: *t-ēbč̣- ( ~ -ǯ-)

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *=Vc̣:-

Proto-Tsezian: *=ɨcʷ- ( ~ -i-)

Proto-Lezghian: *ʔoc̣:ʷɨ-

Proto-West Caucasian: *c̣ʷV

Notes: Correspondences are regular, and the EC-WC parallel seems quite probable.

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *t-ēbč̣- ( ~ -ǯ-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to weep, bemoan

Chechen: tīž-

Comments: Attested only in Chech., but having probable external parallels.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *=Vc̣:-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to drip, pour; to weep

Avar: =ec̣:-

Comments: Cf. also Av. c̣:al-t- 'to soak, become wet' (probably derived from stem II of the same root).

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *=ɨcʷ- ( ~ -i-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to melt, thaw 2 to pour

Tsezi: =ec- 1

Ginukh: =ec- 1

Khvarshi: ec-ah- (Radzhibov) 1

Bezhta: =uc-/=ũc- 1,2

Gunzib: =ũc- 1

Comments: PGB *=uc- / *=ũc- (nasalisation can be due to the influence of another root, cf. PEC *=iʒ_wVn 'to strain, filter'); PTsKh *=ɨc- (~-i-).

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *ʔoc̣:ʷɨ-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to wash 2 washed

Archi: =oc̣:a- 1

Udi: oc: 2

Comment: Cf. Arch. dur. =orc̣:u-r.

Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *c̣ʷV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to weep, cry

Abkhaz: a-č̣̌ǝ́-wa-ra

Abaza: č̣ʷu- / č̣ʷǝwa-ra

Ubykh: c̣ʷa-

Comments: PAT *c̣ʷǝ-wa-; Ub. sǝ-c̣ʷá-n.

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *śiǝ̄lH

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: wash

Chinese: 洗 *sǝ̄rʔ / *sǝ̄jʔ wash.

Tibetan: bsil to wash [instead of *bśil under the influence of bsil to cool, sel to clean], bśal to wash, rinse.

Kachin: šin³, gǝšin² to wash.

Lushai: sil to wash, KC *r-sil.

Kiranti: *sèl

Comments: PG *śal(a) rinse; Mikir iŋthi; Newari sil-e; Rawang thi zal bathe; Trung džăl¹. Sh. 161, 409; Ben. 173.

Chinese characters :

Character: 洗

Modern (Beijing) reading: xǐ

Preclassic Old Chinese: sǝ̄rʔ

Classic Old Chinese: sǝ̄́n

Western Han Chinese: sǝ̄́n

Eastern Han Chinese: sǝ̄́n

Early Postclassic Chinese: sǝ̄́n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: sǝ̄́n

Late Postclassic Chinese: sǝ̄́n

Middle Chinese: síej

English meaning : to wash, wash clean

Russian meaning[s]: 1) мыть, стирать; купать(ся); умывать(ся); 2) смыть (позор), реабилитировать(ся); 3) начисто, совершенно, до конца; 4) Си (фамилия)

Comments: See also 洒. In Viet. cf. perhaps also té 'to splash (water)'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 7350

Karlgren code: 0478 j

Vietnamese reading: tâ`y

Jianchuan Bai: se1

Dali Bai: se1

Chinese Dialects :

Number: 789

Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology

Character: 洗

MC description : 蟹開四上薺心

ZIHUI: 3156 0699

Beijing: śi 2

Jinan: śi 2

Xi'an: śi 2

Taiyuan: śi 2

Hankou: śi 2

Chengdu: śi 2

Yangzhou: śi 2

Suzhou: si 2

Wenzhou: sei 21

Changsha: si 2

Shuangfeng: śi 2

Nanchang: śi 2

Meixian: sɛ 2

Guangzhou: šai 21

Xiamen: se 2 (lit.); sue 2

Chaozhou: soi 21

Fuzhou: sɛ 2

Shanghai: si 3

Zhongyuan yinyun: si 2

Kiranti etymology :

Proto-Kiranti: *sèl

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Meaning: clean, wash

Tulung: sal- (instead of an expected *sel-) sift, remove foreign or superfluous matter from; (Toba) söl- 'wash'

Kaling: selnä (selu) clean (grain and vegetables)

Limbu: wā-sīmā (-sīru) wash

Kulung: selma 'scrape' (?)

Yamphu: se:ma 'to clean'

Comments: Toba 98 *siC-. Perhaps 2 roots: cf. also Yamphu si:ma 'to sieve'.

Kulung dictionary :

Entry: selma

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Grammar: vt-4 [1: sel- 2: sell- 3: sel-]

Meaning: scrape.

Yamphu dictionary :

Entry: se:ma III

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Stem: <se:s- ; se:->

Grammar: v.tr.

Meaning: to clean, to separate the good from the bad, to clear up.

Burushaski etymology :

Common Burushaski: *chel

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: water

Yasin: cel

Hunza: chil

Nagar: chil

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