Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *HVrVlV (*HVlVrV)

Meaning: reed

Borean: Borean

Kartvelian: *lel-

Dravidian: ? SDr *(V)reḷ- 'reed'

References: ND 833 *ħ[U]reḷ/ĺV 'reed' (+ Sem.); 1297 *Liḷ/ĺV 'reed, water-plant'.

Kartvelian etymology :

Proto-Kartvelian: *lel-

Nostratic: Nostratic

Russian meaning: камыш

English meaning: reed

Georgian: lel-

Megrel: lar-č̣am-, lar-č̣em-

Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 120-121, EWK 218-219.

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : HVRLV

Meaning : leaf; reed?

Eurasiatic : *HVrVlV (*HVlVrV)

Afroasiatic : Sem. *ħurVll- 'reed' (?)

Sino-Caucasian : *ƛ̣wɨ̆rʡV

Austric : PAA *la, SM *ɔla 'leaf' (also *lVr k. of palm)

Reference : ND 833 (Nostr.-Sem.).

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ƛ̣wǝ̆rHV́

Meaning: leaf

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *ƛ̣wɨ̆rʡV

Sino-Tibetan: *ƛā(k)

Basque: *lahar̄

Comments and references : BCD 21. [Cf. Drav. *alar 'blossom, flower'?]

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *ƛ̣wɨ̆rʡV

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: leaf

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *ƛ̣ol(H)i

Proto-Dargwa: *ḳa

Proto-Lezghian: *ƛ̣uruƛ̣

Proto-West Caucasian: *ṗƛ̣a

Notes: The PWC form has a frequent labial prefix (*P-). In PA there occurred a lateral assimilation (*r > l after *ƛ̣-); otherwise the correspondences are regular, and the comparison can be considered as quite reliable. See Abdokov 1983, 107 (with a basically correct comparison, but citing also many superfluous forms, not belonging to the present root).

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *ƛ̣ol(H)i

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 leaf 2 leaves (for tanning)

Avar: ṭa 2

Andian language: ƛ̣oli (Gud.) 1

Akhvakh: ƛ̣ãde 1

Chamalal: al (U.-Gakv.) 1

Tindi: ali 1

Karata: ƛ̣ale 1

Botlikh: ʕali 1

Bagvalal: ḳ́al 1

Godoberi: lali 1

Comments: Av. paradigm A (gen. ṭá-dul). Cf. also Akhv. Tseg. ṭali, Tl. ṭander, Ratl. ƛ̣ãder (all Akhv. forms except Tseg. go back to a suffixed form *ƛ̣ol-di-r), Kar. Arch. ale, Rach. ƛ̣ale, Chab. ṭala, Tok. alʔi, Cham. Gig. al.

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *ḳa

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: foliage

Akusha: ḳa-ri

Comments: A plural form from PD *ḳa 'leaf', reflected in Ur., Kub. ḳa.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *rɨƛ̣ʷ- / *ƛ̣ʷɨrɨƛ̣ʷ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 leaf 2 bud

Lezghian: riq̇I-äj (Khl.) 1

Rutul: q̇uruq̇ 1

Budukh: ḳuruḳ 2

Comment: Rut. and Bud. reflect a reduplicated form (*ƛ̣ʷɨrɨƛ̣ʷ > *ƛ̣uruƛ̣); the Lezg. form has a frequent suffix *-Vj. 3d class in Rut. and Bud.

Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *ṗƛ̣a

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 leaf 2 foliage

Adyghe: ṗč̣́ā-ś 2

Kabardian: ṗṣ́ā-śa 2

Ubykh: ṗć̣a-pá 1

Comments: PAK *ṗč̣á-śa (the second component is not quite clear; without it cf. probably Kab. ṗṣ́i-j 'plane seeds' = "belonging to leaves", see Shagirov 2, 53; despite Abdokov 1983, 107 it is hardly a separate WC root). In Ub. cf. also ṗć̣á-wa 'leaf', ṗć̣ā́-d(ǝ)ʁa 'paper'. The correspondence PAK *č̣́: Ub. ć̣ points unambiguously to PWC *ƛ̣.

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ƛā(k)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: leaf

Chinese: 蘀 *ƛ_āk withered and fallen leaves, �, 茶 *Łā a k. of plant, tea.

Tibetan: lo-ma leaf; la-ma 'a k. of grass'

Burmese: lak-phak, la-phak tea.

Kachin: lǝphra³ dry and fallen leaves.

Kiranti: *lä(m)

Comments: Mikir lo; Magari hla; Vayu lo; Chepang lo; Ben. 146.

Chinese characters :

Character: 蘀

Modern (Beijing) reading: tuò

Preclassic Old Chinese: ƛ(h)āk

Classic Old Chinese: ƛ(h)āk

Western Han Chinese: l̥āk (~ ƛh-)

Eastern Han Chinese: l̥āk

Early Postclassic Chinese: thāk

Middle Postclassic Chinese: thāk

Late Postclassic Chinese: thāk

Middle Chinese: thâk

English meaning : to wither; withered leaves

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Karlgren code: 0790 r

Kiranti etymology :

Proto-Kiranti: *lä(m)

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Meaning: leaf

Tulung: -lam in sēlam, selbam ( = K sɔphulem) leaf, paper

Kaling: -lem in sɔphu-lem dry leaf

Limbu: -lā in tetlā leaf

Kulung: sibo-lou (Toba)

Comments: Toba 92 *sV __m. Cf. also *bhak-läm shoulder blade.

Limbu dictionary :

Entry: tɛtla

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Grammar: n.

Meaning: leaf

Comments: cf. tɛʔl.

Basque etymology :

Proto-Basque: *lahar̄

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: bramble, creeping thorn

Araban: agar

Bizkaian: lar, (Arratia, Markina, Orozko) laar, (Oñate) naar, (Otxandiano) nar, (Zigoitia) ar

Gipuzkoan: laar

High Navarrese: lar

Low Navarrese: lahar

Salazarese: naar, ñar

Lapurdian: lahar, (Ainhoa) laar

Baztanese: lagar, laar

Zuberoan: nahar

Roncalese: nar, ñar

Comments: Widespread but sporadic dissimilations of *lahar̄ > na(ha)r̄. also to *ahar̄ > agar, ar.

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