Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *gwVlV

Meaning: dry

Borean: Borean

Altaic: *k`óla ( ~ -u-, -i̯o-)

Kartvelian: *gwal-

Comments: ? Cf. Ur. *kulV 'end, stop, become exhausted'.

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *k`óla ( ~ -u-, -i̯o-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to dry, get stale

Russian meaning: сохнуть, терять свежесть

Tungus-Manchu: *xolga

Korean: *korh-

Japanese: *kárá-

Comments: АПиПЯЯ 290, SKE 121-122. An Eastern isogloss.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *xolga

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to dry 2 dry

Russian meaning: 1 сохнуть 2 сухой

Evenki: olgo- 1, olgokin 2

Even: olgъ̣- 1, olgъ̣qъ̣n 2

Negidal: olgo- 1, olgokin 2

Spoken Manchu: olǝhǝ-, olǝhu-1 (1814), olǝhǝ 2 (1815)

Literary Manchu: olGo- 1, olχon 2

Ulcha: xolǯo(n) 2

Orok: xoldoxo 2

Nanai: χolGo- 1, χolGoqto /ụ 2

Oroch: oggipta 1

Udighe: ogo- 1, ogo`u 2 (Корм. 274)

Solon: olgo- 1

Comments: ТМС 2, 12-13.

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *korh-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to get stale, rot

Russian meaning: черстветь, сгнивать, протухать

Modern Korean: kol- [kolh-]

Comments: KED 160.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *kárá-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to dry out; to become ripe

Russian meaning: высыхать; созревать

Old Japanese: kara-

Middle Japanese: kárá-

Tokyo: kàre-

Kyoto: káré-

Kagoshima: karé-

Comments: JLTT 704.

Kartvelian etymology :

Proto-Kartvelian: *gwal-

Nostratic: Nostratic

Russian meaning: стоять (о засухе)

English meaning: to be droughty

Georgian: gval-

Megrel: gol-

Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 60, EWK 81. Интересно сопоставить алт. *k`ola 'сохнуть'. Климов (1994, 97) сопоставляет основу с ПИЕ *ǵwel- / *ǵeul- 'уголь, пылать'. Заметим, что семантика картвельской основы хуже соотносится с ПИЕ, чем с алтайским корнем; в алт. ПИЕ основу следует скорее сопоставлять с *k`ialu 'зола, уголь'.

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : KVLV

Meaning : dry, burn

Eurasiatic : *gwVlV (cf. also */ḳ/alV)

Afroasiatic : *ḳVl-

Sino-Caucasian : *QwVɫV

Amerind (misc.) : *q̇ʷala 'cook, burn' (R 148) [+ A K]; *kʷali 'sun; light; kindle' (R 704)

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ḳVl-

Meaning: be hot, burn

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Semitic: *ḳVlVw- 'roast'

Egyptian: Copt krōm, Fay klōm

Central Chadic: *kwal- 'hotness'

Notes: Cf. Eg. ḳrr (pyr) 'burn (pots)' (see *ḳar- 'burn; fire')

Semitic etymology :

Number: 805

Proto-Semitic: *ḳVlVw-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'roast'

Akkadian: qalû

Mandaic Aramaic: ḳla 'burn'

Arabic: qlw [-i-, -u-]

Notes: Based on *ḳVl-

Central Chadic etymology :

Proto-CChadic: *kwal-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'hotness'

Bachama: kwulkwul [Kr: N 306], kulkul [Sk]

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *QwVɫV

Meaning: to burn, boil

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Sino-Tibetan: *kōɫ (~ g-, q-, G-, -ū-)

Burushaski: *ɣol-

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *kōɫ (~ g-, q-, G-, -ū-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: boil

Chinese: 滾 *kūnʔ seethe, boil.

Tibetan: skol (p., f. bskol) to boil (tr.), ãkhol (p. khol) be boiled.

Comments: Cf. also OCh. 涫 *kʷāns to bubble. Bod. 137; Coblin 49.

Chinese characters :

Character: 滾

Modern (Beijing) reading: gǔn

Preclassic Old Chinese: kūnʔ

Classic Old Chinese: kwǝ̄́n

Western Han Chinese: kwǝ̄́n

Eastern Han Chinese: kwǝ̄́n

Early Postclassic Chinese: kwǝ̄́n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kwǝ̄́n

Late Postclassic Chinese: kwǝ̄́n

Middle Chinese: kón

English meaning : seethe, boil

Russian meaning[s]: 1) клокотать, бурлить; быстро катиться (о волнах); 2) кипеть; кипящий, крутой; 3) вертеться, крутиться; скатиться; разг. выкатиться, убраться вон; 4) жарг. увильнуть (от уплаты)

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 5745

Chinese Dialects :

Number: 1839

Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology

Character: 滾

MC description : 臻合一上混見

ZIHUI: 3340 2183

Beijing: kuǝn 2

Jinan: kuẽ 2

Xi'an: kuẽ 2

Taiyuan: kuŋ 2

Hankou: kuǝn 2

Chengdu: kuǝn 2

Yangzhou: kuǝn 2

Suzhou: kuǝn 2

Wenzhou: kaŋ 21

Changsha: kuǝn 2

Shuangfeng: kuǝn 2

Nanchang: kun 2

Meixian: kun 2

Guangzhou: kuan 21

Xiamen: kun 2

Chaozhou: kuŋ 21

Fuzhou: kouŋ 2

Shanghai: kuǝŋ 3

Zhongyuan yinyun: kuǝn 2

Burushaski etymology :

Common Burushaski: *ɣol-

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: burn

Yasin: ɣol-, ɣul- intr., -s-qul- tr.

Hunza: ɣulú-

Nagar: ɣulú-

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