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Nostratic etymology :

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Eurasiatic: *ḳVjŋV
Meaning: cold
Indo-European: *k'eyǝ-
Altaic: *k`i̯ójŋo
Uralic: *konta, Sam. *k[ɨ]ńV
Kartvelian: *q̇in-
Dravidian: *kin-
Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *(')hanъ- ?
References: МССНЯ 371; ND 1908 *q̇(Uy)igŋU 'cold'.
nostret-meaning,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-drav,nostret-chuk,nostret-reference,

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Indo-European etymology :

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Altaic etymology :

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Proto-Altaic: *k`i̯ójŋo
Nostratic: Nostratic
Meaning: cold
Russian meaning: холодный
Turkic: *Kujaŋ
Mongolian: *köji-ten
Tungus-Manchu: *xiŋǖ-
Korean: *kjǝ̀ńɨ́r
Japanese: *kǝju-
Comments: АПиПЯЯ 53-54, 290; Ozawa 82-84. The cluster *-jŋ- explains the somewhat irregular behaviour of -ŋ-. The meaning 'rheumatism' in Turkic is a usual development < *'cold'.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,

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Turkic etymology :

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Proto-Turkic: *Kujaŋ
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: rheumatism
Russian meaning: ревматизм
Middle Turkic: qujaŋ (Babur)
Uzbek: qujọnčiq 'epilepsy'
Uighur: qujaŋ (R)
Khakassian: xujaŋ 'scary (of a horse)'
Tuva: qujaŋ
Kirghiz: qujaŋ 'sciatica'
Karakalpak: qujaŋ
Comments: TMN 3, 562. Turk. > Mong. qujaŋ, Khalkha xujaŋ, Kalm. xujṇ, Bur. xujaŋ 'rheumatism' > Man. xujan (ТМС 1, 475).
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-hak,turcet-tuv,turcet-krg,turcet-klpx,turcet-reference,

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Mongolian etymology :

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Proto-Mongolian: *köji-ten
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: cold
Russian meaning: холодный
Written Mongolian: köiten (L 498: küiten, küitün)
Middle Mongolian: kojiten (HY 5), kojiten (SH), kuitän (MA)
Khalkha: xüjten
Buriat: xüjten
Kalmuck: kītṇ
Ordos: kǖ, kǖtö, kǖton, küjten
Dongxian: kuičien
Baoan: kitaŋ
Dagur: kuiten (Тод. Даг.151, MD 185), xuiten (Тод. Даг. 151), kuitun
Shary-Yoghur: kǖten
Monguor: kwīden (SM 210), kuiden
Comments: KW 234, MGCD 397.
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dun,monget-bao,monget-dag,monget-yuy,monget-mgr,monget-reference,

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Tungus etymology :

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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *xiŋǖ-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: 1 cold 2 to freeze
Russian meaning: 1 холодный 2 замерзать
Evenki: iŋinipču 1
Even: iŋъńsi 1
Negidal: iŋinigdi 1
Ulcha: siŋgun- 2
Orok: siŋgū- 2
Nanai: sīŋgu- 2
Oroch: iŋeńi 1
Udighe: iŋinihi 1
Solon: inigigdi
Comments: ТМС 1, 321.
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-ulc,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-ude,tunget-sol,tunget-reference,

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Korean etymology :

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Proto-Korean: *kjǝ̀ńɨ́r
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: winter
Russian meaning: зима
Modern Korean: kjǝul
Middle Korean: kjǝ̀ńɨ́r, kjǝ̀ńắr, kjǝ'ǝr
Comments: Nam 42, KED 112.
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,

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Japanese etymology :

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Proto-Japanese: *kǝju-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: to freeze
Russian meaning: замерзать
Old Japanese: k(w)oju-
Comments: JLTT 711.
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-comments,

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Uralic etymology :

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Number: 349
Proto: *konta
> Nostratic: > Nostratic
English meaning: cold, frost
German meaning: Frost, Kälte
Finnish: kontta 'Steifheit, Starre', kontottu- 'starr, steif werden', kontas (gen. konttaan) 'steif, starr' ( ? > Saam. N gân'to- -nt- 'become stiff with cold', gântâs -n't- 'stiff with cold, frozen stiff')
Estonian: kõnt (gen. kõnda) 'Steifigkeit'
Saam (Lapp): goaddes -d'das- 'stiff, inflexible', ki̊ndas (Kld.) 'steif, gespannt'
Nenets (Yurak): χańʔ (O) 'leichter Nachtfrost im Herbst', χanīm- (O) 'kalt werden'
Enets (Yen): koddi- (Ch. B) 'frieren, erfrieren'
Nganasan (Tawgi): kandeʔa-, kantejea- 'erfrieren'
Selkup: qantei- (Ta.) 'einfrieren, frieren', kā̊ń 'Frost, Kälte'
Kamass: kanā- 'erfrieren', kana- 'frieren'
Addenda: Koib. konla 'зябну', konbam 'мерзну'; Mot. kandagum 'зябну', kondam 'мерзну'
Yukaghir parallels: qan(ʒ́ŋ) 'холод, зима'
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-est,uralet-saa,uralet-nen,uralet-enc,uralet-nga,uralet-slk,uralet-kam,uralet-add,uralet-yuk,

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Kartvelian etymology :

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Proto-Kartvelian: *q̇in-
Nostratic: Nostratic
Russian meaning: морозить, холодить
English meaning: to freeze, get cold
Georgian: q̇in-
Megrel: 'in-
Svan: (?) q̇gǝn-, q̇ǝgn-
Laz: q̇in-, 'in-, in-
Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 212, EWK 416. В МССHЯ 371 сравнивается с алт. *k`iŋu 'холод', урал. *k[ɨ]ńV 'мороз', драв. *ki[ṇ]V- 'холодный'. Картв.-драв. сравнение см. также в Бомхард 1996, 221.
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-meg,kartet-sva,kartet-laz,kartet-notes,

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Dravidian etymology :

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Proto-Dravidian : *kin-
Meaning : cold
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kin-
Proto-Gondi-Kui : *kin-
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Kolami-Gadba etymology :

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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kin-
Meaning : cold
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Kinwat Kolami : kinani
Kolami (Setumadhava Rao) : kinām
Number in DED : 1601
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-kol_kin,kogaet-kol_sr,kogaet-dednum,

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Gondwan etymology :

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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *kin-
Meaning : cold
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Proto-Gondi : *kin-
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-gon,

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Gondi etymology :

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Proto-Gondi : *kin-
Meaning : cold
Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology
Maria Gondi (Lind) : kīnd
Adilabad Gondi : kinan
Additional forms : Also Gondi_A (Su.) kinnān wet, cool; kinnīta cold
Number in DED : 1601
Number in CVOTGD : 678
gonet-meaning,gonet-prnum,gonet-gondi_l,gonet-gondi_a,gonet-addition,gonet-dednum,gonet-voc_num,

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Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology :

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Proto-Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *(')hanъ-
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Meaning (Rus.): зима, иней
Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *ʁano-ʒpъ-
Proto-Itelmen: *haŋ-k, *qaŋ-k
kamet-prnum,kamet-meaning,kamet-chuk,kamet-itel,

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Chukchee-Koryak etymology :

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Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *ʁano-ʒpъ-
Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology: Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology
Meaning (Rus.): индеветь
Chukchee: ʔanó-jpǝ-
Comments: Буквально "одеться инеем".
chuket-prnum,chuket-meaning,chuket-chu,chuket-comments,

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Itelmen etymology :

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Proto-Itelmen: *haŋ-k, *qaŋ-k
Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology: Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology
Meaning (Rus.): зима
Itelmen: (h)aŋk-le** 1, (h)ank-let-kǝs** 3
Itelmen meaning: зима 1, зимой 2, зимовать 2
West Itelmen: xańk-le
West Itelmen meaning: hiems
West Itelmen meaning (Polish): zima
South Itelmen: kai̯č-kizix
South Itelmen meaning (Latin): hiemare
South Itelmen meaning (Polish): zimować
Volodin-Zhukova reference: 344
Comments: Основа оформлена наречным аффиксом -le после суффикса местного падежа. В диалекте ИРС анлаутные велярные варианты, по-видимому, вторичны. В юж. камч. возможно особое сочетание -ŋk- > -ńḱ- > -i̯č-, или, что более вероятно, неправильное прочтение рус. рукописного "г" = [g] как "ч" = [č], тогда kai̯g- < "kaŋk-.
itelet-prnum,itelet-meaning,itelet-ite,itelet-itemea,itelet-wit,itelet-witmea,itelet-witmep,itelet-sit,itelet-sitmea,itelet-sitmep,itelet-vzhu,itelet-comments,

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