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Kartvelian etymology :
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Proto-Kartvelian: *du(ś)te-
Russian meaning: луна, месяц
English meaning: moon
Georgian: tve (Old Georg. twite-, ttwe-)
Megrel: tuta-
Svan: došd-ul, došṭ-ul
Laz: (m)tuta-
Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 75, EWK 113-114. Надежных внешних параллелей пока не найдено. Если основа редуплицирована, как в ряде других случаев, т. е. *duśte- < *uśte, то заманчиво сравнить ИЕ формы: герм. *westra- "запад", лат. vesper 'вечер', слав. *večerъ etc. (*west-ro- / *west-kʷero-) (хотя ПИЕ реконструкция и анализ ПИЕ формы весьма затруднительны).
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-meg,kartet-sva,kartet-laz,kartet-notes,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *wV(n)[cw]V
Meaning: evening; late, old
Comments: Expected *č in Ur.
References: ND 16355 *`ŋuć/ć̣V 'late, evening' (is based on an outdated Alt. reconstruction). nostret-meaning,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-notes,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *weskʷer-, *wesper- (Gr hw-)
Meaning: evening
Armenian: gišer `Nacht'
Old Greek: héspero-s m. `Abend'; héspero- `abendlich'; hespérǟ f. `Abend; Westen'
Latin: vesper, gen. -eris/-erī m.; vespera f. `Abend'; vesper, -a `zum Abend gehörig'; vesperna f. `Abendessen'
Celtic: Cymr ucher `Abend'
Russ. meaning: вечер
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-arm,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-lat,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Vasmer's dictionary :
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Word: ве́чер,
Near etymology: укр. ве́чiр, др.-русск., ст.-слав. вечеръ ἑσπέρα (Клоц., Супр.), болг. ве́чер, сербохорв. ве̏че̄, род. п. ве̏чера, словен. većȇr, чеш., слвц. večer, польск. wieczór, в.-луж. wječor, н.-луж. wjacor, jacor.
Further etymology: Родственно лит. vãkaras, лтш. vakars "вечер", далее, сюда же, вероятно, греч. ἑσπέρα, гомер. τὰ ἕσπερα (= русск. вечера́ мн. ч., по И. Шмидту, Pluralb. 18), лат. vespera "вечер", ирл. fescor "вечер", в которых допускается влияние *vest- (нем. West "запад"; см. Эндзелин, KZ 52, 119; М. -- Э. 4, 448) или табуистическое изменение; см. Шпехт у Хаверса 125. Во всяком случае, вряд ли связано с и.-е. *veq- "говорить", вопреки Патрубани (МО 2, 221 и сл.); против -- см. Ильинский, AfslPh 34, 16. Подробнее об этих словах см. Вальде 827 и сл.; Бругман, IF 13, 157 и сл.
Trubachev's comments: [Слав. *večerъ, лит. vãkaras связано чередованием гласных с лит. ū́kti "покрываться облаками", ū́kanas "облачный", ùnksna "тень"; см. Вайан, Gram. comparée, 1, 1950, стр. 303; Боднарчук, "Wien. slav. Jb.", 2, 1952, стр. 198. См. еще об этих словах Ниеминен, "Neuphil. Mitteil.", 56, 1955, стр. 38 и сл. -- Т.]
Pages: 1,309
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-trubachev,vasmer-pages,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *wakar-a- c.
Meaning: evening
Lithuanian: vãkara-s `Abend(zeit, -unterhaltung)', pl. vãkarai, dial. vakaraĩ, vakãrai `Abendgegend, Westen', vãkar `gestern'
Lettish: vakars `Abend', pl. vakari `Westen'
Comments: ? Lith ū̃ka-s 'Nebel, Bewölkung, Dunst', ū́kana 'ds.; Nebelschwade, trüber Tag', ū́kana- nebelig, trüb, bewölkt'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,baltet-notes,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 2194
Root: u̯esperos (u̯ekeros)
English meaning: evening
German meaning: `Abend'
Material: Gr. ἕσπερος m. `Abend, abendlich', ἑσπέρα f. `Abend', ἑσπέριος, ἑσπερινός `abendlich'; lat.vesper, -eris und -eri `Abend, Abendzeit', vespera `Abendzeit' (daraus air. fescor, mcymr. gosper, gosber); wohl zu nhd. West (oben S. 73); dagegen balt.-sl. *u̯ekera- m. `Abend': lit. vãkaras `Abend' (Pl. vakaraĩ `Westen', vakarų̃ vė́jas `Westwind'), lett. vakars `Abend', aksl. večerъ ds., wozu Adv. aksl. vьčera `gestern' usw., Grundbed. vielleicht `Dunkel', zu lit. úkanas `trübe', ùnkna `Schatten', lat. umbra (*unksrā) `Schatten'; cymr. ucher `Abend' nicht hierher, sondern aus idg. *u̯oik̂sero- (Pokorny ZcP. 15, 377); arm. gišer `Nacht' aus *u̯oik̂ero-, nach Petersson Heteroklisie 231 ff. zur Wurzel u̯eik̂- `feucht' (?) in ai. vēśantá- m. `Teich' (vgl. die FlN lit. Viešintà, Viešmuõ usw.), aisl. veig `berauschendes Getränk', lett. vieksts `Wasserstrudel'.
References: WP. I 311, WH. II 770 f., 814 f., Trautmann 348, Vasmer 1, 196, Frisk 575; der Wechsel u̯esperos : u̯ekeros vielleicht nach Specht Idg. Dekl. 119 tabuistisch zu erklären; vgl. auch Havers Sprachtabu 125, 178.
Pages: 1173-1174
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *óče
Meaning: late, evening
Russian meaning: поздний, вечер
Comments: Martin 234-235. Cf. TM: Nan. wasoana 'not long ago' (see ТМС 2, 295). Kor. ǝ- is probably a result of secondary assimilation ( < *ɨ̀čǝ́i or *ùčǝ́i). altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-mong,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *öčüge
Meaning: yesterday
Russian meaning: вчера
Written Mongolian: öčigen, öčüg-edür (L 629) Middle Mongolian: ɛčgen (IM), učugä̆ (MA), očigan, očigen 'recent, shortly' (SH), očigen 'recent' (HYt), hečegen (LH), hūčken odur (Lig.VMI) Khalkha: öčigdör, öcögdör
Buriat: üsegder
Kalmuck: öcgḷdṛ, ücgḷdṛ
Ordos: üčügüdür, čügüdür, čügdür
Dongxian: učuGudu (MGCD fučuɣudu) Shary-Yoghur: čugdur
Comments: MGCD 551, KW 302, 460. Some (late) MMong. forms, as well as one of Dong. variants reflect *h- which must be secondary (influence of *hečü-s 'end'?). monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dun,monget-yuy,monget-mgr,monget-mogh,monget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *ǝ̀čǝ́i
Meaning: yesterday
Russian meaning: вчера
Modern Korean: ǝǯe
Middle Korean: ǝ̀čǝ́i
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *ǝ́sǝ́-
Meaning: late
Russian meaning: поздний
Old Japanese: oso-
Middle Japanese: ósó-
Tokyo: òso-
Kyoto: ósò-
Kagoshima: óso-
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 1709
Proto: *wanša
English meaning: old
German meaning: alt
Finnish: vanha 'alt', vanhemmat 'die Eltern' ( > Saam. N vānhëm ~ vāhnëm 'one of the two parents')
Estonian: vana 'alt' ( > Finn. dial. vana)
Udmurt (Votyak): vuž (S K) 'alt'
Komi (Zyrian): važ (S P PO) 'alt'
Sammalahti's version: *vanša
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-est,uralet-udm,uralet-kom,uralet-samm2,
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