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Kartvelian etymology :

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Proto-Kartvelian: *ć-
Nostratic: Nostratic
Russian meaning: бить, давать
English meaning: to beat, to give
Georgian: c-, c-em-
Megrel: č-, č-am-
Laz: č-, č-am-
Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 227-228, EWK 454-455.
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-meg,kartet-laz,kartet-notes,

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Nostratic etymology :

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Eurasiatic: *cwVHV
Meaning: to give
Borean: Borean
Altaic: *či̯ŏge
Kartvelian: ? *ć-
Dravidian: *śī- (also *cay- 'leave, let go')
References: ND 449 *ĉih[i] 'carry, bring' (Drav., Kartv. + Sem. 'carry', ECush. 'give'); 413 *čayV 'bring, give' (have to be sorted out).
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-alt,nostret-kart,nostret-drav,nostret-reference,

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Altaic etymology :

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Proto-Altaic: *či̯ŏge
Nostratic: Nostratic
Meaning: to give, exchange
Russian meaning: давать, обменивать
Turkic: *dẹg-
Mongolian: *düji-
Tungus-Manchu: *ǯugē-
Korean: *čù-
Japanese: *tai ( ~ *tia)
Comments: АПиПЯЯ 13 (with a different Mong. parallel). Mong. *düji- has a secondary narrowing < *döji-; the early PJ form must have been *tǝjV, with a subsequent contraction.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,

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Turkic etymology :

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Proto-Turkic: *dẹg-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: 1 to cost, to be worth 2 price 3 to change, exchange 4 allotment, portion 5 worth 6 change, exchange
Russian meaning: 1 стоить, быть достойным 2 цена 3 изменять(ся), обмениваться 4 доля (причитающееся) 5 достойный, положенный 6 перемена, обмен
Old Turkic: teg-im 1, teg-im-lig 5, teg-ir 4 (OUygh.), teg-š-il-, teg-š-ür- 3 (OUygh.)
Karakhanid: teg- 1 (MK - ДТС), teg-ir 4 (MK), teg-iš 5 (KB), 'given in exchange' (MK), teg-š-üt 'exchange price' (MK), teg-š-ür-ül- 3 (KB)
Turkish: deɣ- 1, dejer 2, deɣ-im (dial.) 2, dejiš 6, dejiš- 3
Middle Turkic: (Xwar.) deg- 1, (OKypch.) deg-ir 2, teg-iš 2 (Sangl.), teg-iš- 3 (Sangl.)
Uighur: tegiš- 3
Azerbaidzhan: däjär 2, däjiš- 3
Turkmen: deg- 1, degiš- 3
Chuvash: tivǝś 'debt'
Gagauz: dīš 6, dīš- 3
Karaim: tij- 1, degiš- 3
Kumyk: tij- 1
Comments: EDT 482, 485, 487, 488, ЭСТЯ 3, 181-182, 179-180, Лексика 338. Usually regarded as a development of *dẹg- 'to touch, reach', which is somewhat dubious semantically; external parallels also seem to indicate that the two roots are originally distinct.
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-chg,turcet-uig,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-chv,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,

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Mongolian etymology :

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Proto-Mongolian: *düji-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: to buy or sell wholesale
Russian meaning: покупать оптом
Written Mongolian: düi- (L 279)
Khalkha: düj-
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,

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Tungus etymology :

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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *ǯugē-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: to exchange
Russian meaning: обмениваться
Evenki: ǯuɣē-lge-
Even: ǯuɣēn-met-/č-
Negidal: ǯuɣe-t-
Literary Manchu: ǯuwe-n 'debt'
Jurchen: ǯui̯-mu-sun- 'to lend' (443)
Ulcha: ǯue-či-
Orok: due-li-
Nanai: ǯue-či-
Oroch: ǯuwe-či-
Udighe: ǯue-si-
Solon: ǯugut-
Comments: ТМС 1, 270, 267.
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-man,tunget-chu,tunget-ulc,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-ude,tunget-sol,tunget-reference,

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Korean etymology :

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Proto-Korean: *čú-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: to give
Russian meaning: давать
Modern Korean: ču-
Middle Korean: čù- 'give', čūi-čhú- 'to present'
Comments: Liu 670, 673, HMCH 332, KED 435.
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,

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Japanese etymology :

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Proto-Japanese: *tai ( ~ *tia)
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: goods for exchange
Russian meaning: обмениваемые товары
Old Japanese: te
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,

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Dravidian etymology :

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Proto-Dravidian : *śī-
Meaning : to give
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Proto-South Dravidian: *ī-
Proto-Telugu : *ī-
Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *sī-
Proto-Gondi-Kui : *sī-
Proto-North Dravidian : *cij-
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-koga,dravet-gnd,dravet-ndr,

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South Dravidian etymology :

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Proto-South Dravidian : *ī-
Meaning : to give
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Tamil : ī (-v-, -nt-)
Tamil meaning : to give to inferiors, agree, consent
Tamil derivates : īkai gift; īkaiyan_ liberal person; īvu giving, gift, distribution; īvi (-pp-, -tt-) to distribute; īvōn_ donor
Kannada : ī (itt-)
Kannada meaning : to give, allow, permit
Kannada derivates : īsu, īyisu to cause to give
Number in DED : 2598
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-dednum,

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Telugu etymology :

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Proto-Telugu : *ī-
Meaning : to give, allow, permit
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Telugu : iccu (ī̆-, iyy-, ivv-)
Additional forms : Also [1] īgi, [2] īvi giving, donation, charity, a gift; [1] īgikā̃ḍu, [2] īvikā̃ḍu, [3] īvari a liberal, bountiful person
Number in DED : 2598
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-addition,telet-dednum,

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Kolami-Gadba etymology :

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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *sī-
Meaning : to give
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Kolami : sī- (sīt-)
Naikri : śī-
Naiki : sī-
Parji : cī- (ciñ-)
Ollari Gadba : sī- (sīd-, sīy-, sīn-)
Salur Gadba : sī-
Number in DED : 2598
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-kolami,kogaet-naikri,kogaet-naiki,kogaet-parji,kogaet-ollari,kogaet-salur,kogaet-dednum,

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Gondwan etymology :

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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *sī-
Meaning : to give
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Proto-Gondi : *sī-
Konda : sī- (-t-)
Proto-Pengo-Manda : *sī-
Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *sī-
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-gon,gndet-kon,gndet-pem,gndet-kui,

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Gondi etymology :

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Proto-Gondi : *sī-
Meaning : to give
Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology
Betul Gondi : sīānā "to give, allow"
Gommu Gondi : hī-
Muria Gondi : hī-
Maria Gondi : ī-
Seoni Gondi : hī-
Koya Gondi : ī-
Maria Gondi (Mitchell) : hiyānā (hit-)
Number in DED : 2598
Number in CVOTGD : 3418
gonet-meaning,gonet-prnum,gonet-gondi_tr,gonet-gondi_g,gonet-gondi_mu,gonet-gondi_ma,gonet-gondi_s,gonet-gondi_ko,gonet-gondi_m,gonet-dednum,gonet-voc_num,

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Konda etymology :

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Konda : sī- (-t-)
Meaning: to give
Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology
Number in DED : 2598
konet-meaning,konet-prnum,konet-dednum,

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Pengo-Manda etymology :

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Proto-Pengo-Manda : *sī-
Meaning : to give
Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology
Pengo : hī- (-t-), in songs sī-
Manda : hī-
Number in DED : 2598
pemet-meaning,pemet-prnum,pemet-pengo,pemet-manda,pemet-dednum,

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Kui-Kuwi etymology :

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Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *sī-
Meaning : to give
Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology
Kui : sīva (sīt-), jīva (jīt-) "to give, allow; n. act of giving, bestowal"
Khuttia Kui : hī-
Kuwi (Fitzgerald) : hīali
Kuwi (Schulze) : hīnai
Sunkarametta Kuwi : hī- (-t-)
Notes : Kui jīva secondarily voiced, like gīva (see PK *kī-).
Number in DED : 2598
kuiet-meaning,kuiet-prnum,kuiet-kui,kuiet-kuttia,kuiet-kuwi_f,kuiet-kuwi_s,kuiet-kuwi_su,kuiet-notes,kuiet-dednum,

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North Dravidian etymology :

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Proto-North-Dravidian : *cij-
Meaning : to give
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Kurukh : ciʔinā (ciccas) "to give, to allow"
Malto : ciye (cic-) "to give away"
Number in DED : 2598
ndret-meaning,ndret-prnum,ndret-kur,ndret-mlt,ndret-dednum,

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Long-range etymologies :

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Borean (approx.) : CVHV
Meaning : give
Eurasiatic : *ćwVHV
Afroasiatic : *čay- give; *ŝhy- carry
Sino-Caucasian : *=i[ć]V
Amerind (misc.) : *iCV 'give' (under *(w-)iš 'hand' R 346)
Reference : ND 413, 449.
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-amer,globet-reference,

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Sino-Caucasian etymology :

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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *=i[ć]V
Meaning: to give, sell
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
North Caucasian: *=ićV ( ~ -ä-)
Burushaski: *-ćhi-
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-buru,

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North Caucasian etymology :

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Proto-North Caucasian: *=ićV ( ~ -ä-)
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: to sell, distribute
Proto-Avaro-Andian: *=ič-
Proto-Tsezian: *=ɨ̃s:-
Proto-Dargwa: *=ic-
Proto-Khinalug: če=ḳʷi
Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Correspondences are regular (except for the nasalisation in PTs, which must be secondary - as well as the -n-conjugation in some Avar dialects).
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-darg,caucet-khin,caucet-comment,

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Avar-Andian etymology :

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Protoform: *=ič-
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: 1 to sell 2 to give
Avar: =ič- 1
Chadakolob: =ičn- 1
Chamalal: ič- 1,2
Karata: =ič- 1
Comments: -n-conjugation in Av. Chad. is not clear.
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-chm,aandet-krt,aandet-comment,

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Tsezian etymology :

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Proto-Tsezian: *=ɨ̃s:-
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: to sell
Tsezi: =is- (Radzhibov)
Bezhta: =is- (Tlad.)
Gunzib: =ɨ̃s-
Comments: PGB *=ɨ̃s- (cf. also Bezht. Khosh. =is-).
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-cez,cezet-bzt,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,

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Dargwa etymology :

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Proto-Dargwa: *=ic-
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: to sell
Akusha: =irc-
Chiragh: =ic- / =irc-
Comments: Cf. also Ur. =ic-/=irc- id.
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-chr,darget-comment,

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Khinalug etymology :

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Khinalug root: če=ḳʷi
North Caucasian etymology: 1847
Meaning: to sell
Khinalug form: če=ḳʷi
khinet-prnum,khinet-meaning,khinet-khi,

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Burushaski etymology :

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Common Burushaski: *-ćhi-
Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology
Meaning: give
Yasin: -ćí-
Hunza: -ćhí-
Nagar: -ćhí-
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-yas,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,

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