Change viewing parameters
Select another database

Kartvelian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Kartvelian: *cem-
Nostratic: Nostratic
Russian meaning: мазать
English meaning: to smear
Georgian: cm-; cm-el- 'fat (n.)'; com- 'dough'
Megrel: cimu-, cǝmu-
Megrel meaning (Rus.): накипь; com- 'тесто'
Megrel meaning (Eng.): deposition; com- 'dough'
Svan: cm-, cwm- 'to smear'; cemil 'fat (n.)'
Laz: cimu-luɣ-
Laz meaning (Rus.): спелый инжир; (n)com- 'тесто'
Laz meaning (Eng.): ripe fig; (n)com- 'dough'
Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 225; EWK 446. Ностратические параллели: ПИЕ *sme(i)- 'мазать', алт. *semV 'жир' (см. МССНЯ 348 *[sä]mV).
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-meg,kartet-mgmean,kartet-emgmean,kartet-sva,kartet-laz,kartet-lzmean,kartet-elzmean,kartet-notes,

Search within this database


Nostratic etymology :

Search within this database
Eurasiatic: *cwVHmV
Meaning: smear
Borean: Borean
Indo-European: *smē- (cf. also *saim- 'thick liquid')
Altaic: *seme (-a)
Uralic: (cf. *čamče 'Hautschicht')
Kartvelian: *cem- (cf. also *ćxim-)
Dravidian: Tel. camuru 'oil' (if distinct from *Savar-)
References: МССНЯ 348; ND 303*ć[o]m(')V 'to smear' (Kartv.-IE + Bj., Bl.?); ND 454 *ĉiχmV 'fat' (Kartv. + Alt. *č`īme 'bone, marrow (bone)?); 2063 *s̄ämi 'fat' (Tel. + Alt. + SH); 2072 *SämirV 'fat, grease' (? Turk. + IE *smer- which is also in *mVjrV).
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-drav,nostret-reference,

Search within this database


Indo-European etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-IE: *smā-
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Meaning: to oil
Old Greek: smáō, -omai̯, aor. smǟ́sai̯, -sasthai̯ `(ab)reiben, abwischen', md. auch `sich einreiben, salben'; smǟ̂ma n. `Reinigungsmittel, Seife, Salbe'; smǟ́khō = smáō; smṓkhō `zerreiben, zermalmen'
Latin: macula f. `Fleck, Flecken, Mal, Schandfleck, Makel; Masche in Geweben und Gespinsten'
Russ. meaning: мазать
References: WP II 685 f
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-greek,piet-lat,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,

Search within this database


Altaic etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Altaic: *sĕme (-a)
Nostratic: Nostratic
Meaning: fat
Russian meaning: жир
Turkic: *semiŕ
Mongolian: *semǯi
Tungus-Manchu: *semesik
Korean: *sam
Comments: EAS 71, KW 323, Poppe 29, Дыбо 14. It is interesting to note OJ same-nuri 'a way of applying varnish' (if same- here is not = sama- 'to fade'). Despite Poppe 1974, 120, *-ǯi in Mong. is a quite common suffix (see Poppe 1973, 234) and the Mong. form can hardly be regarded as borrowed < Turkic (Clark 1980, 39 says that the case "defies explanation" (as a borrowing); likewise, the TM forms are difficult to explain as borrowed < Mong.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-reference,

Search within this database


Turkic etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Turkic: *semiŕ
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: 1 fat (adj.) 2 fat (n.) 3 fatten
Russian meaning: 1 жирный 2 жир 3 жирнеть, тучнеть
Old Turkic: semiz 1 (Orkh., OUygh.)
Karakhanid: semiz (MK) 1
Turkish: semiz 1
Tatar: simɨz 1
Middle Turkic: semiz 1 (Pav. C.)
Uzbek: semiz 1
Uighur: semiz 1
Sary-Yughur: semiz 1
Azerbaidzhan: sämiz- 3
Turkmen: semiz 1
Khakassian: simis 1
Oyrat: semis 1
Chuvash: samъr 1
Yakut: emis 1
Dolgan: emis 1
Tuva: semis 1
Tofalar: semis 1
Kirghiz: semiz 1
Kazakh: semiz
Noghai: semiz 1
Bashkir: himiz 1
Balkar: semiz 1, 2
Karaim: semiz 1
Karakalpak: semiz 1
Salar: semüs 2
Kumyk: semiz 1, 2
Comments: EDT 830, VEWT 409, ЭСТЯ 7, Stachowski 45. A common Turkic derivative is *semri- / *semir- 'to become fat', see EDT ibid., ЭСТЯ 7.
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-alt,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,

Search within this database


Mongolian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Mongolian: *semǯi
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: inner fat, fat on liver
Russian meaning: внутренний жир, жир на печени
Written Mongolian: semǯi (L 687: semeǯe, semeǯi(n))
Middle Mongolian: simeǯi (MA 320)
Khalkha: semǯ
Buriat: hemže
Kalmuck: semǯṇ
Ordos: semeǯi(n)
Comments: KW 323. Mong. > Man. semeǯen, see Rozycki 178 (but not > semsu, TM *semesik).
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-reference,

Search within this database


Tungus etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *semesik
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: inner fat
Russian meaning: нутряной жир, сальник
Evenki: semesik
Even: hemehъk
Negidal: semesix
Literary Manchu: semsu
Comments: ТМС 2, 142.
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-man,tunget-reference,

Search within this database


Korean etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Korean: *sam
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: placenta, caul
Russian meaning: плацента, оболочка плода
Modern Korean: sam
Comments: KED 901.
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-reference,

Search within this database


Uralic etymology :

Search within this database
Number: 98
Proto: *čamče
> Nostratic: > Nostratic
English meaning: skin layer
German meaning: Hautschicht
Saam (Lapp): cuoʒ'ʒå -ʒʒ- (N) 'membrane; fleshy fibres on the inner side of the skin', tsuoddsa (L) 'Häutchen (im allg.); Häutchen, Membran (eines animalischen Bindegewebes)', tsŭŏD̀tsA (Ko. Not.), t́š́i̮mdts(A) (T.), tsùn̄dts(A) 'dünnes Häutchen (das man von der Fleischseite einer Haut abschabt)' ( > Finn. dial. sontu 'Häutchen')
Khanty (Ostyak): čuṇč (Trj.) 'Lederhaut (des Felles), untere Haut des Felles, das Fleisch bedeckende Haut', sus (O) id.
Sammalahti's version: *conci
References: FUV; DEWO 285; Coll.CompGr. 146, 397
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-saa,uralet-khn,uralet-samm2,uralet-lit,

Search within this database


Long-range etymologies :

Search within this database
Borean (approx.) : CVMV
Meaning : smear; fat
Eurasiatic : *ć`ämV
Afroasiatic : *sim-an- ~ *sin-am- (cf. also Sem. *šVmāχ- 'intestine, spleen'; *ŝaħm- 'fat')
Sino-Caucasian : *cwä̆́jŋĕ (cf. also *sḗħmV intestine, vein')
Austric : PAA *cVŋ 'bitter', PAN *qasiN 'saltiness, salty taste'
Reference : ND 303, 454, 2063; Sag 22 (Chin.-AN). obviously several roots that are to be sorted out. Cf. also Ainu *sanpe 'heart'.
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-austr,globet-reference,

Search within this database


Afroasiatic etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *sim-an- ~ *sin-am-
Meaning: oil, fat, (fat) milk
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
Semitic: *šam(-an)- 'fat, oil'
Berber: *-sim(-an)- '(liquid) fat, milk'
Egyptian: smy (med.) 'fat milk, cream'
Western Chadic: *sin(-am)- 'oil'
Central Chadic: (?) *sVmVn- 'thick'
East Chadic: *siwan- (<*siman-?) 'oil' 1, 'melted butter/oil' 2, 'fat' (n.) 3, 'fat' (adj.) 4
Warazi (Dullay): *šinam- 'butter' 1, 'fat' 2
Notes: Cf. SED 248; Bla Review 505. Cf. *sibin- 'oil, butter' (2853).
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-sem,afaset-brb,afaset-egy,afaset-wch,afaset-cch,afaset-ech,afaset-wrz,afaset-notes,

Search within this database


Semitic etymology :

Search within this database
Number: 2205
Proto-Semitic: *šam(a)n- {} *sam(a)n-
Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology
Meaning: fat (also oil)
Akkadian: šamnu (NA also šamanu) 'oil, fat' OB on [CAD š1 321], [AHw 1157]
Ugaritic: šmn 'Ol (ö), Fette' [Aist 309]
Phoenician: šmn 'oil' [T 323]
Hebrew: šämän 'Fett, Oe:l' [KB deutsch 1449].

    Cf. šāmān 'fette Gegenden, Fettgebilde' [ibid.])

Aramaic: OFF PLM šmn 'oil' [HJ 1163]
Judaic Aramaic: šǝman (šumnā) 'fat' [Ja 1536, 1597]; šwmn 'fat' [Sok 541]
Syrian Aramaic: šumnā 'pinguedo' [Brock 786]
Modern Aramaic: MAL šomna 'Butter' [Berg 91] MMND šamīna 'fat (a.), stout' [M MND 502, 521]
Mandaic Aramaic: šamina, šumna 'fat' [DM 443, 455]
Arabic: samn- 'graisse' [BK 1 1143].

    smn 'être gras et replet' [ibid.]

Jibbali: šɛ̃n 'fat, fatness' [JJ 262] (<*šVmn-)
Notes: Likely <*šam- {} *sam-, with the -Vn suffix, cf. AFRASIAN. In this connection, also note UGR šmt 'Fleishfetzen' [ibid. 311] compared by [Gordon 492]. Unless from *šaman-t-u (>*šamattu, an assimilation -nt- > -tt- being quite common in UGR), it may be from *šam- {} *sam-. The comparison, however, is questionable semantically; the UGR term is better compatible with EGYP (18 DYN) sms 'Fleischstück vom Rind' [EG IV 141] (<*smsm ?).

    See -u in part of ARM forms likely to be due to m.

    [Fron 42] (*šamn- 'grasso' /ARB,SYR,HBR,UGR,AKK/); [KB deutsch 1449]: HBR, ARM, PHO, UGR, AKK, ARB; [Brock 786]: SYR, ARM, HBR, ARB

semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-akk,semet-uga,semet-phn,semet-hbr,semet-arm,semet-jud,semet-syr,semet-new,semet-mnd,semet-ara,semet-jib,semet-notes,

Search within this database


Berber etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Berber: *-sim(-an)-
Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology
Meaning: '(liquid) fat, milk'
Ghat: isim 'graisse (de tout animal) Neh 165
Ahaggar (Tahaggart): ésim 'graisse fondu' F 1835
Tawllemmet: ē-šim 'liquid fat; broth'
Qabyle (Ayt Mangellat): t_a-ssǝm-t_ 'graisse animal' Dal 778
Canarian: Ferro achemen 'milk'
brbet-prnum,brbet-meaning,brbet-ght,brbet-ahg,brbet-twl,brbet-qbl,brbet-gua,

Search within this database


Egyptian etymology :

Search within this database
Old Egyptian: smy (med.)
Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology
Meaning: 'fette Milch, Sahne'
Notes: EG IV 130
egyet-prnum,egyet-meaning,egyet-notes,

Search within this database


West Chadic etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-WChadic: *sin(-am)-
Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology
Meaning: 'oil' 1, 'grease' 2
Warji: šivena 1
Diri: sinama 1 [SkNb]
Jimi: sin 1 [Cs]
Notes: reflexes in Tangale are regular, cf. also Jimi sin 'oil' [Cs]
wchet-prnum,wchet-meaning,wchet-wrj,wchet-dir,wchet-jim,wchet-notes,

Search within this database


Central Chadic etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-CChadic: *sVmVn- (?)
Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology
Meaning: 'thick'
Logone: s'ǝmǝn [LLog]
Notes: Semantically problematic.
cchet-prnum,cchet-meaning,cchet-log,cchet-notes,

Search within this database


East Chadic etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-EChadic: *siwan- (<*siman-?)
Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology
Meaning: 'oil' 1, 'melted butter/oil' 2, 'fat' (n.) 3, 'fat' (adj.) 4
Somrai: swānī 1 [Jg] , sṓane 2 [Lk: 81]
Tumak: hɔ̄ɔ̄n 1, 3 [Cp]
Ndam: swāń 1 [JgD]
Lele: sòn-gò 1 [Grg]
Kabalai: sùwǝ̀n-gǝ̀ 1, 3 [Cp]
Kera: sɔn 1, 3 [Eb]
Kwang: súwāné 1 [Jg]
Mobu (dial. Kwang): sùwánè 1 [Jg]
Migama: séwén 1 [JMig]
Bidiya: sɛ́wɛ́ŋ 3
Mubi: síwín 3 [Lk: 147] 1 [CLR: 261]
Birgit: séwèn 1 [CLR: 261]
Sokoro: súnu 1 [CLR: 261] , súnē 4 [Lk: 43]
echet-prnum,echet-meaning,echet-smr,echet-tum,echet-ndm,echet-lle,echet-kbl,echet-ker,echet-kwn,echet-mob,echet-mig,echet-bid,echet-mub,echet-brg,echet-sok,

Search within this database


Warazi etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Warazi: *šinam-
Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology
Meaning: 'butter' 1, 'fat' 2
Gawwada (Gawata): Dalpena šiinán-ko, pl. šiinam-aane 1
Gollango (Wellango): šiinan-ko, pl. šinam-aane 2
Notes: Amb et al
wrzet-prnum,wrzet-meaning,wrzet-gaw,wrzet-gll,wrzet-notes,

Search within this database


Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *cwä̆́jŋĕ
Meaning: liver; gall
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
North Caucasian: *c_wä̆jmĕ
Sino-Tibetan: *sĭn (? *sĭŋ)
Yenisseian: *seŋ
Burushaski: *-sán
Basque: *-sum(a)
Comments and references : HGC 20, WFR 79, LV A7, LDC 18. Irregular absence of -ʔ- in PY.
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-buru,sccet-basq,sccet-notes,

Search within this database


North Caucasian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-North Caucasian: *c_wä̆jmĕ
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: gall; anger
Proto-Nakh: *stim
Proto-Avaro-Andian: *s:imi
Proto-Tsezian: *s:ɨmǝ A
Proto-Lak: s:i
Proto-Dargwa: *sumi
Proto-Lezghian: *s:äm:a
Proto-West Caucasian: *ž́ʷǝ
Notes: Correspondences are regular. In most languages the root combines the meanings "gall" and "anger", so they must have existed simultaneously already in PNC.

    Abdokov (1983, 84) compares the EC forms with PWC *ca 'to burn', which is not plausible for both phonetic and semantic reasons (see PNC *=ĕrc_Ă).

caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,

Search within this database


Nakh etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Nakh: *stim
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: gall
Chechen: stim
Ingush: sim
Batsbi: sem
Comments: Obl. base *stima- (Chech. stima-, Ing. simo); 5th class in Chech., 6th class in Ing.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,

Search within this database


Avar-Andian etymology :

Search within this database
Protoform: *s:imi
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: gall; anger
Avar: c:in
Chadakolob: cim
Andian language: s:im
Akhvakh: s:imi
Chamalal: s:im
Tindi: s:imi
Karata: s:ime
Botlikh: s:imi
Bagvalal: s:im
Godoberi: s:imi
Comments: Av. paradigm B or C (gen. c:i-dá-l, Chad. cimí-l).
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-and,aandet-akv,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-krt,aandet-btl,aandet-bgv,aandet-gdb,aandet-comment,

Search within this database


Tsezian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Tsezian: *s:ɨmǝ A
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: gall
Tsezi: semi (Kid.)
Ginukh: seme
Khvarshi: semi (Radzhibov)
Bezhta: simo (Tlad., Khosh.)
Gunzib: sɨmi (Nakh., Gunz.)
Comments: PTsKh *sɨmǝ (~-i); PGB *sɨmV. Inkh. sime 'gall' is an Andian loan (otherwise *sɨmo would be expected); cf. also Gin. cim 'anger' < Av.
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-cez,cezet-gin,cezet-khv,cezet-bzt,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,

Search within this database


Lak etymology :

Search within this database
Lak root: s:i
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: gall; anger
Lak form: s:i
Comments: Cf. Khosr. s:i id. The Lak. word also means 'rust', which is probably a secondary semantic development (but cf. Av. Andal. /cited from Mikailov 1959/ suʔi 'rust' - perhaps a historically different root?).
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,

Search within this database


Dargwa etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Dargwa: *sumi
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: gall, anger
Akusha: himi
Chiragh: sume
Comments: Cf. also Ur., Muir. himi, Sirg. simi, Kub. time id.
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-chr,darget-comment,

Search within this database


Lezghian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Lezghian: *s:äm:a
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: gall
Lezghian: seb
Tabasaran: seb
Agul: seb
Rutul: seb (Shin.)
Archi: s:am
Comment: Cf. Lezg. pl. sep:-erar, Lezg. Khl. seb (sep:-erar) "abuse", Tab. Kand. sib 'gall', Düb. s:iw 'gall bladder', Ag. Bursh. sew (probably a misspelling instead of *s:ew); Rut. säb 'gall secreted while vomiting'. 3d class in Rut. and Arch.; obl. base *s:äm:ä- (cf. Ag. sebi-, Rut. sä́bä-).
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-arc,lezget-comment,

Search within this database


Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-West-Caucasian: *ž́ʷǝ
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: 1 anger 2 hidden anger, malice 3 revenge
Abaza: gʷǝ-žʷ 2
Adyghe: gʷǝħa-gʷǝ-ź 1
Kabardian: gʷǝ-ź-ʁaź 2
Ubykh: ǵǝ-žʷ 3
Comments: The root is attested only in an old compound with *ǵʷǝ 'heart'. Cf. also Ab. gʷǝžʷ-ḳ 'anger'. In Abkh. we have a-gʷǝ-pž̌á-ra 'anger, resentment' which is obviously a later contamination of the same stem with Abkh. a-pž̌a-rá 'to tear asunder'.
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-aba,abadet-adg,abadet-kab,abadet-ubk,abadet-comment,

Search within this database


Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *sĭn
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: liver
Chinese: *sin bitter, pungent.
Tibetan: mćhin the liver.
Burmese: sańh the liver, LB *[s]iŋh.
Kachin: mǝsin2 the liver; heart.
Lushai: thin the liver, the heart, KC *m-thin.
Kiranti: *seŋ
Comments: Kanauri śinʔ; Rgyarung -bśi; Mikir iŋthin; Rawang phǝśin, Trung pǝ-čin1 the liver; Magari mi-sin; Chepang sinh; Kham seNL. Sh. 52; Ben. 55; Mat. 181; Coblin 44.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,stibet-kach,stibet-lush,stibet-kir,stibet-comments,

Search within this database


Chinese characters :

Search within this database
Character:
Modern (Beijing) reading: xīn
Preclassic Old Chinese: sin
Classic Old Chinese: sin
Western Han Chinese: sjǝn
Eastern Han Chinese: sjǝn
Early Postclassic Chinese: sjin
Middle Postclassic Chinese: sjin
Late Postclassic Chinese: sjin
Middle Chinese: sjin
Fanqie: 西因
Rhyme class:
English meaning : the 8th of the Heavenly Stems
Russian meaning[s]: 1) горький, терпкий; острый; 2) удручающий, тяжелый, скорбный; тяжело трудиться; 3) восьмой циклический знак десятеричного цикла; восьмой; 4) Синь (фамилия)
Shuowen gloss: 秋時萬物成而孰. 金剛味辛. 辛痛即泣出. 從一. 從[辛]. [辛]罪也. 辛承庚象人股. 凡辛之屬皆從辛.
Comments: Used also for a homonymous *sin 'be bitter, pungent, painful'.
Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology
Dialectal data: Dialectal data
Radical: 160
Four-angle index: 2405
Karlgren code: 0382 a-f
Jianchuan Bai: ćhĩ4
Dali Bai: ćhi4
Bijiang Bai: chẽ4
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-fanqie,bigchina-rhyme,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-shuowen,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-jianchuan,bigchina-dali,bigchina-bijiang,

Search within this database


Chinese Dialects :

Search within this database
Number: 461
Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology
Character:
MC description : 臻開三平真心
ZIHUI: 6580 2136
Beijing: śin 11
Jinan: śiẽ 11
Xi'an: śiẽ 11
Taiyuan: śiŋ 1
Hankou: śin 11
Chengdu: śin 11
Yangzhou: śĩ 11
Suzhou: sin 11
Wenzhou: saŋ 11
Changsha: sin 11
Shuangfeng: śin 11
Nanchang: śin 11
Meixian: sin 11
Guangzhou: šan 11
Xiamen: sin 11
Chaozhou: siŋ 11
Fuzhou: siŋ 11
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,

Search within this database


Kiranti etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Kiranti: *seŋ
Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology
Meaning: kidney, liver
Limbu: seŋ kidney
Comments: Cf. also *sä̀ʔpók (<*sèŋ-ʔpók ?) bladder > Kal. säphu, Tul. sāpu, sapu (Toba 87 *säphu); L sāpɔk stomach.
kiret-prnum,kiret-meaning,kiret-lim,kiret-notes,

Search within this database


Yenisseian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Yenisseian: *seŋ
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: liver
Ket: śēŋ, pl. śɛŋǝn5; śénan, śéŋnan 'stomach' (Werner 2, 189-190)
Yug: seŋ, pl. sɛŋɨn5; séńńan 'stomach' (Werner 2, 189-190)
Comments: ССЕ 272. The word for "heart" in Kott. and Arin possibly reflects a compound *seŋ + *tVp-, lit. "liver" + "spleen": cf. Kott. šitap, Ass. šitábu (М., Сл., Срсл., Кл.), Ar. šenóugbu (М., Сл., Кл., Срсл.), šenebo (Лоск.); a similar origin may be also suggested for Ket śɛ́rap, MKet. śɛ̀dáp (Werner 2, 186) 'Bauchspeicheldrüse; Milz'. Werner's analysis of -p(u), -bu in these compounds as *pu 'belly' is less plausible because it does not explain the first part of compund (šita-, šene-). See Werner 2, 190 (connecting also Kott. šičil, Ar. sal - on which see *sisa(l)-), 1, 332.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-notes,

Search within this database


Burushaski etymology :

Search within this database
Common Burushaski: *sán
Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology
Meaning: spleen
Yasin: -sán
Hunza: -sán
Nagar: -sán
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-yas,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,

Search within this database


Basque etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Basque: *beHa-sun
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: 1 bile, gall; hatred, bitterness 2 gall bladder (of fish) 3 affliction, woe, anguish
Bizkaian: beaztun 1, (Bermeo) 2
Gipuzkoan: beazun 1
Low Navarrese: behazun 1
Lapurdian: beazuma 1, (arc) behazune 3
Comments: The segment *beHa- appears to be an old word, perhaps *beHe 'liver': cf. PST *phe ‘spleen’ (Thankur =pǝy ‘liver’, etc.); PY *b[a]jbVl ‘kidney’ could be a similar compound < *b[a]j-pɨʔɨĺ (second element = *pɨʔɨĺ ‘intestines’).
basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-bzk,basqet-gip,basqet-bnv,basqet-lab,basqet-comments,

Search within this database


Austric etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Austric: *ʔcVʔń
Meaning: salty, bitter
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
Proto-Austroasiatic: cVŋ
Austroasiatic meaning: bitter
Proto-Austronesian: *qasiN
Austronesian meaning: saltiness, salty taste
austr-meaning,austr-prnum,austr-aa,austr-aame,austr-an,austr-anme,

Search within this database


Austro-Asiatic etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Austro-Asiatic: cVŋ
Meaning: bitter
Austric etymology: Austric etymology
Presyllable: *caŋ
Proto-Palaungic: *soŋ V?
Proto-Khmu: *caŋ
aaet-meaning,aaet-prnum,aaet-prpr,aaet-pawa,aaet-kmu,

Search within this database


Palaung-Wa etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Palaung-Wa: *soŋ
Meaning: bitter
Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology
Proto-Wa: *soŋ
Proto-Plang: *sɔŋ
Proto-De'ang: *saŋ; *sɔ:ŋ
Riang: câŋ.1
Riang meaning: bitter
Proto-Angku: *ṣaŋ
Lamet: caŋ.1 bitter
pawaet-meaning,pawaet-prnum,pawaet-prwa,pawaet-prpl,pawaet-prde,pawaet-riang,pawaet-rimeam,pawaet-pran,pawaet-lamet,

Search within this database


Wa etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Wa:
Meaning: bitter
Palaung-Wa etymology: Palaung-Wa etymology
Paraok: soŋ
Paraok meaning: bitter
Wa: soŋ
Wa meaning: bitter
Ava: sɔŋ
Lawa: sɔŋ
Lawa meaning: bitter
Um: sɔŋ
Wa (dial.): soŋ.1
Wa (dial.) meaning: bitter
References: D-133: *sâŋ
prwaet-meaning,prwaet-prnum,prwaet-praok,prwaet-praokme,prwaet-meng,prwaet-mengme,prwaet-mas,prwaet-lawa,prwaet-lawame,prwaet-um,prwaet-gs,prwaet-gsme,prwaet-bib,

Search within this database


Plang etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Plang: *sɔŋ
Meaning: bitter
Palaung-Wa etymology: Palaung-Wa etymology
Bulang: soŋ.2
Bulang meaning: bitter
Konto: sɔŋ.1
Konto meaning: bitter
Samtao (Paulsen): soŋ.1
Samtao (Paulsen) meaning: bitter
Samtao (Diffloth): sɔŋ.1
Samtao (Diffloth) meaning: bitter
References: P-455: *soŋ.1
prplet-meaning,prplet-prnum,prplet-mane,prplet-manme,prplet-kont,prplet-kontme,prplet-sap,prplet-sapme,prplet-sad,prplet-sadme,prplet-bib,

Search within this database


De'ang etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-De'ang: *saŋ; *sɔ:ŋ
Meaning: bitter
Palaung-Wa etymology: Palaung-Wa etymology
De'ang: saŋ
De'ang-1: sɔ:ŋ
De'ang-2: sɔ:ŋ.2
Rumai: kǝ.1 saŋ.3 bile
prdeet-meaning,prdeet-prnum,prdeet-dea,prdeet-dea1,prdeet-dea3,prdeet-rum,

Search within this database


Angku etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Angku: *ṣaŋ
Meaning: bitter
Palaung-Wa etymology: Palaung-Wa etymology
Pangpin: chak.55
Gantang: ṣak.55
U: saʔ.2
Hu: saŋ.1
References: WW-708; S-114
pranet-meaning,pranet-prnum,pranet-phu,pranet-ph2,pranet-u,pranet-hu,pranet-bib,

Search within this database

Select another database
Change viewing parameters
Total pages generatedPages generated by this script
1722651310184
Help
StarLing database serverPowered byCGI scripts
Copyright 1998-2003 by S. StarostinCopyright 1998-2003 by G. Bronnikov
Copyright 2005-2014 by Phil Krylov