Pokorny's dictionary : List with all references

Number: 1488

Root: per-2: D. per-

English meaning: to bear (child)

German meaning: `gebären, hervorbringen'

General comments: (wie ferō: `gebäre' in einstiger Beziehung zu per-2: C `zuteilen')

Derivatives: davon Worte für `Tierjunges'; pr̥-tu-ko-

Material: α. Lat. pariō, -ere, peperī, partum, paritūrus `gebären', reperiō, -īre, repperī, repertum `wiederfinden, finden, erfahren', partus, -ūs `gebären, Geburt; Leibesfrucht', Parca (*parica) ursprüngl. `Geburtsgöttin', Propertius eig. `der Frühgeborene' = umbr. Propartie `Propertii', parō, -āre `bereite, erwerbe, kaufe', comparō `kaufe' (`sich etwas besorgen, verschaffen'); imperāre `anschaffen = befehlen';

lit. periù, perė́ti `brüte', peraĩ Nom. Pl. `Bienenlarven'.

β. Ai. pr̥thuka- m. `Rind, Kalb, Tierjunges', arm. ort`, -u `Kalb des Rindes oder Hirsches' (mit Formans -thu-); gr. πόρις, πόρταξ, πόρτις `Kalb, junge Kuh'; cymr. erthyl `abortus'; ahd.far, farro, nhd. Farre, ags. fearr, aisl. farri (*farz-) `Stier', mit gramm. Wechsel mhd. verse, nhd. Färse `junge Kuh' (germ. *fársī, Gen. *fársjōs), zu ags. héah-fore, engl. heifer; ursprüngl. von jungen Tieren, vgl. engl. farrow `nicht trächtig', wfries. fear `gelt'; dehnstufig ags. fōr, mnd. vōr `Schweinchen'; aksl. za-prъtъkъ `Wind-Ei', čech. s-pratek `früh geborenes Kalb', klr. vy-portok `Frühgeburt'.

References: WP. II 41 f., WH. II 255 f., Trautmann 215.

Pages: 818

PIE database: PIE database

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *por-, *port- (-th-)

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: calf

Old Indian: pŕ̥thuka- m. `boy, young of any animal'

Armenian: orth, -u `Kalb des Rindes od. Hirsches'

Old Greek: póri-s, -ios f., pórti-s, -ios f. `Kalb, Färse'

Russ. meaning: скот (теленок)

References: WP II 41 f

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *ṗVrV ( ~ p-)

Meaning: calf

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *por-

Kartvelian: *pur-

Dravidian: *Pōr-

Comments: Cf. *bVrV

References: Bomhard 1996, 148; ND 1783 *ṗor(w)V 'female, young ungulate (esp. bovine)'.

Kartvelian etymology :

Proto-Kartvelian: *pur-

Nostratic: Nostratic

Russian meaning: корова, буйволица

English meaning: cow, female buffalo

Georgian: pur-

Megrel: puǯ-

Svan: pur, pür, pirw

Laz: puǯ-

Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 192, EWK 363. Ср. ПИЕ *por- 'теленок', алт. *bäŕ[i] 'теленок, ягненок', драв. *pōr- 'бык, буйвол'. Ср. Бомхард 1996, 148.

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *Pōr-

Meaning : bull

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *Pōr-i

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *Pōr-i

Meaning : bull; bullock

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : (?) pori

Tamil meaning : calf or buffalo

Kannada : hōri

Kannada meaning : bull calf; bullock

Kodagu : pōri

Kodagu meaning : male buffalo

Tulu : bōri

Tulu meaning : bull; ox

Proto-Nilgiri : *pōr-ĭ

Notes : The initial consonant is hard to determine. On one hand, Tulu bōri is the only variant with an initial voiced consonant here, so it might be secondary; on the other hand, the variant with the initial voiceless consonant could have been contaminated with *pōr-, *por-i- 'to fight' (cf. the Tamil variant with the short vowel), and the Tulu form could thus prove archaic.

Number in DED : 4593

Nilgiri etymology :

Proto-Nilgiri : *pōr-ĭ

Meaning : young bullock (one to two and a half years)

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : pōry

Additional forms : Also Kota pōry māv male deer

Number in DED : 4593

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : PVRV

Meaning : calf, bull

Eurasiatic : *ṗVrV ( ~ p-)

Afroasiatic : *ʔa-pVr-

Sino-Caucasian : ? ST *bhrō̆ŋ 'cattle'

Reference : ND 1783.

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ʔa-pVr-

Meaning: bull, calf; buffalo

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Semitic: *parr- 'young of small or large cattle'

Egyptian: pry 'bull fight' (?)

Western Chadic: *fir- 'k. of antelope'

Central Chadic: *fu/ir- 'buffalo'

Warazi (Dullay): *ʔafur- 'new-born calf' (?)

Notes: Tak. II, 473-4; HSED 1950 (Ug, Hbr, Arb; Eg. pry 'bull-fight'; C.Ch.: Mba.); Dolg. SHAN No. 22a. Related to *ʔa-par- 'sheep, goat'?

Semitic etymology :

Number: 2496

Proto-Semitic: *parr-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: (young of) large cattle

Ugaritic: pr 'novillo' [DLU 353], prt 'novilla' [ibid.]. The only literary passage is KTU 1.5 V 18-19 where prt is paralleled by ʕglt 'heifer' and likely denotes a young cow: yʔuhb ʕglt bdbr // prt bšd šḥlmmt 'he loved a heifer in the steppe // a young cow in the plains of šḥlmmt'. The remaining passages are adiminstrative and cultic. Of interest is the com- bination ʔalp pr 'young bull' in 1.86.3, a curious parallel to the difficult expression par haššōr in Jud 6.25 (note that par haššēnī in the same verse is comparable to ʔalp šnt in 1.86.1; for the possiblity of emending haššēnī into haššānī 'one year old' cf. [KB 1604] and [Guillaume]).

Hebrew: par 'bull, steer' [KB 960], pārā 'cow' [ibid. 964]; pB. pār, par 'bullock' [Ja. 1212], pārā 'cow' [ibid.]. The meaning of these widespread terms is discussed in [Péter 487-92]. According to Péter, the common rendering of p. as 'young bull' (contrasting with šōr 'adult bull') is erroneous: pār and pārā are used to stress the sex rather than the age of the large cattle. See further [TDAT VI 72ff.].

Aramaic: Sam. pr 'bull', prh 'cow' [Tal 710]. V. the remarks on Jud. prh above.

Judaic Aramaic: prh, det. prth 'cow' [Sok. 444]. The meaning is atypical for Aramaic and likely points to a Hebraism.

Notes: Likely related are the MSA forms with inserted -ʕ-: Mhr. fōr (pl. fǝhārīn) 'young bull' [JM 87], Jib. fɔ́ʕɔ́r 'young bull, male calf' [JJ 51], Soq. fáʕhar 'jeune taureau' [LS 338] (Arb. Dof. faʕôr, t_aʕôr 'Stier' [Rhod. 46] may be due to the South Arabian substrate). The prеsence of -ʕ- can be tentatively explained by the influence of forms listed in No. ... . Of some interest are Tgr. fǝrrǝt 'pasturing herd' [LH 656], mäfrär 'herd (of cows)' [ibid.] as well as the verb färrä 'to lead to pasture' [ibid. 655]. Cf. also Amh. afʷarä 'to become a yearling ox' [K 2276]. [KB 960]: Hbr., Arm., Akk., Arb., Ugr.; [Brock. 591]: Syr., Arm., Hbr., Arb. (also farr- 'vitulus', not attested in the available Arb. dictionaries); [LS 338]: Soq., MSA, Hbr., Arb (farr- 'taureau'); [Firmage 1152]: Akk. (parru), Hbr., Ugr., Arm., Arb.

Egyptian etymology :

Old Egyptian: (?) pry (MK)

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'bull-fight'

West Chadic etymology :

Proto-WChadic: *fir-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'k. of antelope'

Angas: fir 'roan antelope' Skin. Ant. 23 (or >*prr 'sheep, goat'?), fīr Foulkes

Central Chadic etymology :

Proto-CChadic: *fu/ir-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'buffalo'

Hwona: ʔufʷarā 'duiker' Sk.Ant. 25

Bura: fir 'buffalo' Tak. II 474 apud NM, Pele fur id., ibid apud Meek

Chibak: kufir [pref. ku-] Tak. II 474 apud NM {??}

Kilba: fur id. Tak. II 474 apud Meek

Margi: fúr 'buffalo' Dolg SHAN 22a apud Hoffmann, Margi Putai fir 'buffalo' Dolg apud Meek

Mbara: fàrày 'bétail; dot (bride wealth)' Tak. II, 474 ("semantically false") apud TSL (?)

Notes: Tak.: BM forms might be related to *kbn {nonsense}