Pokorny's dictionary : List with all references

Number: 583

Root: g(e)u-lo-

English meaning: glowing coals

German meaning: `glühende Kohle'

Material: Mit l-Suffix:

ir. gúal `Kohle' (< *geulo- oder *goulo-);

aisl. kol n. `Holzkohle', ags. col m. `Kohle', engl. coal, afries. kole f., ahd. kolo m., auch kol n., mhd. kol n., kol(e) m., kole f., schweiz. cholle `glimmen'.

Dazu mit r-Suffix (oder erst aus *gulo- nach arm. hur `Feuer' umgebildet):

arm. krak `Feuer, glühende Kohlen' (< *guro-, *gurā-), krak-aran `Herd, Feuerbecken, Glutpfanne'.

References: WP. I 563. Andere Möglichkeiten bei W. Schulze Kl. Schr. 479.

Pages: 399

PIE database: PIE database

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *g'wol-, *g'oul-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: charcoal, embers

Tokharian: B śoliye 'hearth' (Adams 635)

Old Indian: jválati `to blaze, glow, shine, burn brightly', ptc. jvalita-; jvala- m. `flame', jvalaná- `inflammable, combustible, flaming', m. `fire', n. `blazing', jvāla- m. `light, torch', jvālā `id.' [cf. jvar- under *g'u̯er-]

Slavic: *zolā́

Germanic: *kul-ō f., *kula- n., *kul-an- m.

Celtic: *gou̯lo- (~ -eu̯-) > OIr gūal `Kohle'

Russ. meaning: уголья

References: WP I 563, Buck 72.

Vasmer's dictionary :

Word: зола́,

Near etymology: подзо́л, -а "выщелоченная зола, почва после пожога леса", укр. зола́, болг. зола́, польск. zоɫа "выщелоченная зола".

Further etymology: Относят к зелёный, зо́лото. Сюда же лит. žìlas "седой", лтш. zils "голубой", далее греч. χολή "желчь"; см. Зубатый, AfslPh 16, 420; Траутман, ВSW 365. Другие сравнивают балто-слав. слова с греч. γελεῖν ̇ λάμπειν (Гесихий) и д.-в.-н. kolo "уголь", др.-инд. jválati "горит"; см. М.--Э. 4, 720; Младенов 194.

Pages: 2,103

Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *kulō, *kula-n, *kulēn

Meaning: coals

IE etymology: IE etymology

Old Norse: kol n. `Holzkohle'

Norwegian: kol

Swedish: kol

Danish: kol

Old English: col, -es n. `coal'

English: coal

Old Frisian: kole

East Frisian: Fris koal

Old Saxon: kol

Middle Dutch: cōle f.

Dutch: kool m., f.

Middle Low German: kōle f.

Old High German: kolo m. (8.Jh.), kol n. (9.Jh.)

Middle High German: kol wk./st. m. 'kohle; kohlenhaufe'

German: Kohle f.

germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-swed,germet-dan,germet-oengl,germet-engl,germet-ofris,germet-eastfris,germet-osax,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-mlg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *gʷVlV

Meaning: ashes, coals

Indo-European: *g'wol-, *g'oul- (also Germ. *kwalma-)

Altaic: *k`uli ( ~ -e)

Uralic: *kuδ́mV

Kartvelian: *q̇welp- ?

Dravidian: *koḷ-

References: ND 867 *kuḷV ~ *kawḷV (w/o Ur.; + Cush.); 977a = 1245 *kuẑmV 'smoke, ashes' (Ural. + Chad.?); 1917 *q̇ULpV 'hot ashes, ambers' (Kartv. + Arab.).

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *k`uli ( ~ -e)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to heat, burn

Russian meaning: нагревать, жечь

Turkic: *kül-

Mongolian: *kölči-

Tungus-Manchu: *xuldü

Comments: АПиПЯЯ 281. A Western isogloss: we prefer now to separate MKor. kɨ́rɨ́m = TM *xurum- etc., see {*k`i̯ŭ̀ru(mV)}.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *kül

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: ashes

Russian meaning: пепел, зола

Old Turkic: kül (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: kül (MK)

Turkish: kül

Tatar: köl

Middle Turkic: kül

Uzbek: kul

Uighur: kül

Sary-Yughur: kül

Azerbaidzhan: kül

Turkmen: kül

Khakassian: kül

Shor: kül

Oyrat: kül

Halaj: kīl

Chuvash: kǝʷl

Yakut: kül

Dolgan: kül

Tuva: xül

Tofalar: xül

Kirghiz: kül

Kazakh: kül

Noghai: kül

Bashkir: köl

Balkar: kül

Gagauz: kül

Karaim: kul

Karakalpak: kül

Salar: kül

Kumyk: kül

Comments: VEWT 307, EDT 715, ЭСТЯ 5, 137-138, Лексика 367-368, Stachowski 164.

turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-khal,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *kölči-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to heat, warm

Russian meaning: греть, нагревать

Written Mongolian: kölči-, kölčü- (L 484)

Middle Mongolian: kulči- (MA 222)

Khalkha: xölč-

Buriat: xülše-

Kalmuck: kölčǝ- (КРС)

Ordos: gölčö-

Dagur: kulčē- (Тод. Даг. 151)

Monguor: kurgu- 'rôtir, griller, étuver' (SM 216)

Comments: Cf. also Bur. xülere 'place of fire'; WMong. kölü-re- 'to sweat', kölü(r)-sü(n), Mongr. konorʒǝ 'sweat, perspiration' ( > Dolg. kölöhün, see Stachowski 155).

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *xuldü

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 warm 2 to heat 3 flame

Russian meaning: 1 теплый 2 нагревать 3 пламя

Evenki: uldi 3

Spoken Manchu: venǯexun, venǯǝxun 'agreeably warm' (2058)

Literary Manchu: wenǯe- 2

Ulcha: xuldu 1, xuldū- 2

Orok: xuldu 1

Nanai: xul'd'i 1

Udighe: ugdi- 2

Comments: ТМС 2, 260; 1, 132 (where the Manchu word is erroneously regarded as < Chin.).

Uralic etymology :

Number: 384

Proto: *kuδ́mV

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: ashes

German meaning: Asche

Mordovian: kulov, kuloŋ (E), kulu (M) 'Asche' ?

Khanty (Ostyak): kajǝm (Vj.) 'Schlacke (Barre), die beim Brennen vom Espenholz in der Feuerstelle zurückbleibt', χojǝm (DN) 'Asche', χɔjǝm (Kaz.) 'Asche einer morschen Espe, Birke'

Mansi (Vogul): kōĺǝ^.m (TJ), χūĺǝm (KU So.), kuĺǝm (P) 'Asche'

Hungarian: hamu (acc. hamut, hamvat)

Kartvelian etymology :

Proto-Kartvelian: *q̇welp-

Nostratic: Nostratic

Russian meaning: зола (гоpячая)

English meaning: ashes (hot)

Georgian: ɣvelp-

Georgian meaning (Rus.): зола (гоpячая)

Georgian meaning (Engl.): ashes (hot)

Megrel: ɣvelp-

Svan: q̇welp-

Svan meaning (Rus.): зола

Svan meaning (Eng.): ashes

Laz: ɣvamp-o, ɣvampu

Laz meaning (Rus.): копоть, сажа

Laz meaning (Eng.): soot

Notes and references: Кл, EWK 413.

kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-grmean,kartet-egrmean,kartet-meg,kartet-sva,kartet-svmean,kartet-esvmean,kartet-laz,kartet-lzmean,kartet-elzmean,kartet-notes,

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *koḷ-

Meaning : firebrand

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *koḷ-

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *koḷ-

Meaning : to kindle; firebrand

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : koḷḷi

Tamil meaning : firebrand, fire, quicktongued person

Tamil derivates : koḷuttu (koḷutti-) to kindle, set on fire, ignite; burn (intr.); koḷuntu (koḷunti-), koẓuntu (koẓunti-) to burn, be kindled; koḷuvu (koḷuvi-) to kindle (as fire)

Malayalam : koḷḷi

Malayalam meaning : firebrand, firewood

Malayalam derivates : koḷuttuka to set on fire, light, kindle

Kannada : koḷḷi, koḷḷe

Kannada meaning : firebrand

Tulu : kolli, koḷḷi

Tulu meaning : firebrand

Proto-Nilgiri : *koḷĭ

Number in DED : 2158

Nilgiri etymology :

Proto-Nilgiri : *koḷĭ

Meaning : firewood

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : koyḷ "burning firewood, faggot"

Toda : kwɨɫ̣y "firebrand, glowing ember"

Additional forms : Also Kota koyḷt āḷ man who carries new fire round at ceremonies

Number in DED : 2158