Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *sn[e]w-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to be able

Old Greek: nóo-s, nọ̄̂-s m. `Geist, Sinn, Verstand, Vernunft, Gesinnung, Absicht', noéō `nehme wahr, gedenke', gortyn. nǘnamai `kann'

Germanic: *snu-tr-a- adj.; *snu-tr-ia- vb.

Russ. meaning: уметь, мочь

References: WP II 323 f

Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *snutra-; *snutrian- vb.

Meaning: wise

IE etymology: IE etymology

Gothic: snutr-s `wise'

Old Norse: snotr `klug'; snütra wk. `klug machen'

Old English: snotor

Old High German: { snottar }

German: { dial. schnodderich `altklug, vorlaut' }

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *sVnV

Meaning: to know, think

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: (*sen-t-, *senǝ-) + *snew- 2235

Altaic: *si̯una

Uralic: *sana- 'think, speak' (Donner 2, 57, Toivonen Vir. 1949, 50, Kettunen 360) [or *s'ana?]

References: МССНЯ 339 (*sanV), 343 (*ćVnV), (ОСНЯ 1, 201-202); ND 455 *ĉeʔNV 'recognize, know' (a great deal of confusion with *ćVnV); ND 2078 *Son̄V 'to hear' (still more confusion); 2203 *[ŝ]aNa 'word, say' (FU + incorr. Mong. + Cush., Chad.).

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *si̯ū́na

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to hear, observe

Russian meaning: слышать, наблюдать

Turkic: *sɨ̄n

Mongolian: *sonos-

Korean: *s(j)ǝn-

Comments: Basically a Turk.-Mong. isogloss; the Kor. form is late attested and somewhat insecure. Cf. perhaps also Manchu suŋǵen 'clever, smart' ( < *'perceiving'?).

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *sɨ̄n

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 observation, test 2 to test

Russian meaning: 1 наблюдение, опыт 2 испытывать

Old Turkic: sɨna- 2 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: sɨna- 2 (MK)

Turkish: sɨna- 2

Tatar: sɨna- 2, sɨnšɨ 'explorer'

Middle Turkic: sin 1 (R.), sɨna- 2 (Pav. C., Abush.)

Uzbek: sin 1, sina- 2

Uighur: sini- 2

Azerbaidzhan: sɨna- 2

Turkmen: sɨ̄n 1, sɨ̄na- 2

Khakassian: sɨna- 2

Oyrat: sɨna- 2

Halaj: sīnä- 2

Kirghiz: sɨn 1, sɨna- 2

Kazakh: sɨn 1, sɨna- 2

Noghai: sɨna- 2

Bashkir: hɨn 1, hɨna- 2

Balkar: sɨna- 2

Karaim: sɨnčɨ 'explorer'

Karakalpak: sɨn 1

Kumyk: sɨna- 2, sɨnčɨ 'prophet'

Comments: EDT 835, VEWT 417, ЭСТЯ 7 (the root should be distinguished from *sɨjn 'body, idol' q. v. sub *si̯ùnu, although they tend to contaminate). Turk. > Mong. sina-, see Щербак 1997, 145.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *sonos-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: hear

Russian meaning: слышать

Written Mongolian: sonus-

Middle Mongolian: sonos- (HY 32, SH), ṣonāṣ- (IM), sunas- (MA)

Khalkha: sonso-

Buriat: honor 'с чутким слухом'

Kalmuck: sonǝs-

Ordos: sonos-

Dongxian: sonosu-

Dagur: sonso- (Тод. Даг. 163), sonse- (MD 211), sonsu-

Monguor: sunosǝ- (SM 362)

Mogol: sonusu-; ZM sonasā (7-4b)

Comments: KW 331, MGCD 606. Cf. also WMong. sonin, Kalm. sońn 'interesting, peculiar' (KW 331), MMong. (SH) sonin 'new', Dag. sonin 'fresh, virgin, strange, new' (MD 211) ( > Evk. sonin etc., see Doerfer MT 104, Rozycki 187).

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *sjǝn-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to be interesting, startling; boring

Russian meaning: быть интересным, поразительным; скучным

Modern Korean: sǝngǝpta (orth. sjǝn-)

Comments: KED 943.

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : CVNV

Meaning : to know, think

Eurasiatic : *ćwVnV (cf. also *sVnV)

Afroasiatic : *siwan-

Sino-Caucasian : ?? Arch. sini-kes, Cham. -isVn-

Austric : ? PAN *aʒan name

Amerind (misc.) : ? *tine (actually *Cine) 'ear' (198)

African (misc.) : ? Bantu *-càŋg- 'find'; *-cà(à)ŋgò 'news'; *-cò(ò)ŋg- 'show'. Cf. Macro-Khoisan *c̮^kV^ŋ "to see".

Reference : МССНЯ 343 (*ćVnV), ОСНЯ 201-202, ND 306.

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *siwan-

Meaning: know

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Semitic: *šVnaḥ- 'appear in somebody's mind' (?)

Berber: *sin- 'know'

Egyptian: swn (l) 'know'

Western Chadic: *syani- 'know'

Central Chadic: *sin-H- 1 'know', 2 'recognize'

East Chadic: *(ʔV-)sVn- 'know' 1, 'learn' 2

Low East Cushitic: *seHen- 'memory'

Semitic etymology :

Number: 623

Proto-Semitic: *šVnaḥ- (?)

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'appear in somebody's mind'

Arabic: snḥ [-a-]

Berber etymology :

Proto-Berber: *sin-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'know'

Ghadames: essǝn

Siwa: ǝssǝn

Ghat: ǝssǝn

Ayr: ǝssǝn

Izdeg: isin

Izayan: isin

Iznassen: ǝssǝn

Snus: ǝssǝn

Shenwa: sǝn

Egyptian etymology :

Old Egyptian: swn (t)

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'know' (l)

Coptic: *sow(u)n

Bohairic: sōoun

Sahidic: sooun

West Chadic etymology :

Proto-WChadic: *syani-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'know'

Hausa: sáni,šínà

Dera=Kanakuru: šen- [Jg]

Warji: sǝn {SkNb]

Kariya: sǝn- [Sk]

Diri: čǝn [Sk]

Miya: sǝn [Sk]

Pa'a: sinǝ̀ [MS]

Cagu: sǝn [Sk]

Siri: sǝniwi [Sk]

Mburku: sin [Sk]

Jimbin: sǝn [Sk]

Sayanchi: yisǝ̀ŋ [CLR: 216]

Bokos: šáŋ-î [jgR]

Kulere: syen [JgR]

Notes: cf. also Dera šén 'sense' [NmK]

Central Chadic etymology :

Proto-CChadic: *sin-H-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 1 'know', 2 'recognize' , 3 'see'

Tera: zǝ̀ní 1 [Nm]

Gaanda: sɨ̀ni 1 [Kr]

Gabin: šĩni 1 [Kr]

Boka: šini 1 [Kr]

Hwona: sɨ̀n 1 [Kr]

Margi: sini 1 [Kr]

Wamdiu: sɨ̀ni 1 [Kr]

Hildi=Margi Mbazuwa: sìnì 1 [Kr]

Higi Futu: sɨ̀nǝ̀-gi 1 [Kr]

Higi Baza: s̃liyò 1 [Kr]

Higi Nkafa: sɨ̀nà-ta 1 [Kr]

Higi Ghye: sùna-̀gǝy [Kr]

Glavda: sǝr 1, 3 [Rp]

Mofu-Gudur: -sàr- 1 [BMof]

Gisiga: san 1 [CLR]

Mafa=Matakam: sǝn 1 [CLR: 217] sǝ́n 2 [BMaf]

Daba: sīn 1 [CLR]

Musgoy: sǝŋ 1 [CLR]

Gude: (kha)šīn 1 [CLR]

Logone: sǝ́n 1 [LLog]

Buduma=Yedina: hin 1 [LBud]

Gidar: sǝn 1 [CLR]

Notes: note voicing in some of bura languages: Chb zǝn-di.

East Chadic etymology :

Proto-EChadic: *(ʔV-)sVn-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'know' 1, 'learn' 2

Somrai: ósen 2 [Lk: 81]

Tumak: hàn 1 [Cp]

Ndam: hǝ̄nà̇1 [JgD]

Lele: sèn 1 (s.o.) [Grg]

Kwang: àsìnē 1 (s.o.) [CLR: 217]

Mobu (dial. Kwang): ásǝ́né1 [Lns ?]

Ngam (dial. Kwang): àsìne1 [Lns ?]

Bidiya: ʔìsàn 1 [JBid]

Mokilko: sùuné 1 [JMkk]

Low East Cushitic etymology :

Proto-Low East Cushitic: *seHen-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'memory'

Oromo (Galla): seenaa

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