Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *tew-, *twē-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to look after, to take care, to save

Old Greek: hom., ion. (Hdt.), att. sō̂-, ep., poet., kypr., ark., lak. sáo-, ion., att. sō̂o-, ep., Hdt.`heil, gesund, unversehrt'; ep. saóō `am Leben erhalten, retten'

Germanic: *ɵaw=, *ɵiu-ɵ-a- adj., *ɵiu-d-i- adj., *ɵiu-[d]-iōn- f., *ɵwē-ɵ=/*ɵwē-d=

Latin: tuor `betrachten, beobachten, beschützen, bewahren, unterhalten, pflegen', tueor, tuitus sum / tūtārī `id.', tūtus, -a `geschützt, gesichert; sicher, gefahrlos; vorsichtig'; tuor, -ōris m. `Gesicht', tūtor, -ōris m. `Beschützer; Vormund'; tūtēla f. `Schutz; Beschützer; Erhaltung'

Celtic: OIr tūath `link, nördlich'

Russ. meaning: присматривать, заботиться, спасать

References: WP I 705 f

Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *ɵaw=, *ɵiuɵa-, *ɵiudia-, *ɵiu[d]iōn, *ɵwēɵ=/*ɵwēd=

Meaning: good, fit

IE etymology: IE etymology

Gothic: ɵiuɵ (-ɵ-) n. (a) `the good', pl. `good things'; *ɵiuɵjan wk. `bless, pronounce good upon'

Old Norse: ɵǖδ-r `freundlich, sanft', ɵǖδa f. `Freundschaft'; ɵǖδa `erfreuen'

Norwegian: tüd; tüda vb.

Swedish: tidelag `unzucht mit Tieren'; dial. tüen `zahm'; dial. tü `zuflucht nehmen'

Danish: tü `zuflucht nehmen'

Old English: geɵiede `gut, tugendhaft', geɵīedan `sich (freundlich) anschliessen'; ɵēaw `Brauch, Sitte'

Old Saxon: gethiudo `passend'; thau `Disziplin'

Middle Dutch: ghedwāde, ghedwēde, ghedwē, Kil. gedwaey; gediede `freundlich'

Dutch: gedwee

Middle Low German: getwede `meegaand'

Old High German: gi-thau `Disziplin', gi-thwādi `modestus', gi-thiuti `aufmerksam'

Middle High German: gediute, -tiute st. f.? 'ausdeutung, bedeutung; kundgebung der gesinnung'

Pokorny's dictionary :

Number: 2009

Root: teu-2

English meaning: to listen to, observe

German meaning: `in freudlichem Sinne die Aufmerksamkeit zuwenden, aufmerken'

Material: Lat. tueor, -ērī, tuitus und tūtātus sum `betrachten, beobachten, schützen', intu(e)or `betrachte', ursprünglicher in-, ob-, con-tuor con-tuō; tūtus `sicher'; air. cumtūth `Schutz'(*kom-ud-tou̯itus), mcymr. tuð `bedecken', tuðed `Hülle, Kleid', bret. dial. tuec (abret. *tuðoc) `Kissenbezug'; air. tūas-cert `nördlich', bret. tus `links' (*teu-sto-); kelt. *teu-to- in mcymr.tut `Zauberer', mir. tūathaid ds., air. tūaith `nördlich', mir. tūath `links, nördlich, böse' (aus `*günstig, gut' als Antiphrasis zur Bezeichnung der unglückbringenden Linken); dazu got. þiuþ `das Gute', aisl. þȳðr `mild, freundlich', þȳða `Freundschaft', ags. geðīede `gut, tugendhaft', geðīedan `sich (freundlich) anschließen'; wohl auch ags. ðēaw `Brauch, Sitte', as. thau, ahd.gethau `Disziplin' als `*observantia'; vielleicht auch gr. τύσσει ἱκετεύει Hes. (Denominativ eines *τυτός mit ähnlicher Bed. wie got. þiuþjan `segnen' von þiuþ).

References: WP. I 705 f., WH. II 713 f., Loth RC 43, 160 ff.

Pages: 1079-1080

PIE database: PIE database

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *ṭewV

Meaning: to help, take care

Indo-European: *tew[o]-, *twō-

Altaic: *t`ébo

Comments: Cf. also PIE *dū- and PA *tā̀bú.

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *t`ébo

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to help, assist, serve

Russian meaning: помогать, служить

Mongolian: *tab

Tungus-Manchu: *teb-

Korean: *tōb-

Japanese: *tá(m)pa-p-

Comments: KW 373, 388, Poppe 13, 42, 47, Дыбо 15 (the root is often confused with *t`áp`a q. v.).

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *tab

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 pleasure 2 find pleasure in something 3 to love

Russian meaning: 1 удовольствие, удобство 2 получать удовольствие, удовлетворение 3 любить

Written Mongolian: tab 1 (L 760), taɣala- / tab(a)la- 2 (L 761, 763), tabsi- 'choyer (enfant)'

Middle Mongolian: tab 4, taji- 2, ta'ala- 3 (SH), tāla- 3 (Lig.VMI), ta'alam 3 (HY 37), ṭala- 3 (IM), tāla- 3 (MA)

Khalkha: tā, tav 1; tāla- 3

Buriat: tā-taj 1, tāla- 'fondle, strode, kiss'

Kalmuck: tab 1, tawlǝ- 2

Ordos: tātǟ 'agreeable'

Dagur: tāla- 2 (Тод. Даг. 165), tāle- 3 (MD 218)

Monguor: tā 1, dašǝ- 'choyer (enfant)' (SM 47)

Mogol: tāla- 3 (Lig.VMI 67)

Comments: KW 373, 386, 388, MGCD 618, 620.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *teb-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to graze (of deer) 2 to protect

Russian meaning: 1 пастись (об оленях) 2 охранять, защищать

Evenki: tewej- 1

Udighe: tegbese- 2

Comments: ТМС 2, 226.

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *tōb-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to help

Russian meaning: помогать

Modern Korean: tōp- (-w-)

Middle Korean: tōp- (-w-)

Comments: Nam 160, KED 484.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *tá(m)pa-p-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to protect, help in conflict

Russian meaning: защищать, спасать

Middle Japanese: tábàf-, táfáf-

Comments: JLTT 760.

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