Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *(o)rū-, *(o)rū-g-, etc.; *orw-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to dig; ditch (incl. as a boundary)

Old Indian: áruṣ- n. `wound, sore'; ? ūrvá- m. `ocean' (but as adj. `broad, great', probably derived from uru-)

Old Greek: att. hóro-s, ep., on. ọ̄̂ro-s, kork. orwos, kret., arg. ō̂ro-s, herakl. óro-s m. `Grenze, Grenzzeichen (-pfahl, -säule, -stein), Termin, Schranke, Ziel, Bestimmung, Definition' || orǘssō, att. -ttō, aor. orügẹ̄̂n, orǘksai, p. orükhthē̂nai̯, orügē̂nai̯, pf. orṓrükha, `graben, scharren, auf-, be-, aus-, um-, durchgraben', orükhǟ́, orügǟ́ `das Graben', órügma n. `Graben', kat-ōrükhḗs `in der Erdfe vergraben', diō̂rük-s, -ükhos f. Grabe, Kanal, órügma `Grube, Graben', orükhǟ́ f. `das Graben', orüktḗr m. `Minenarbeiter', orǘktǟ-s m. `Gräber, Werkzeug zum Graben'

Slavic: *rъvъ, -*rъvā || *rɨ̄tī, *rovъ, *rɨ̄́dlo (#12024)

Baltic: *ur̂w-a-/*ur̂w-a- (2?) c.

Germanic: *arw-az-, *arw-iz- n.

Latin: urvus `circuitus civitatis'; (amb)urvāre `mit einer Grenzfurche umziehen' || rūta caesa `alles, was auf einem Grundstück ausgegraben und gefällt ist', rutrum n. `Grabscheit, Schaufel', rutellum `kleine Schaufel', rutābulum n. `Ofenschaufel'; ruō, -ere, ruī, rūtus `wühle, scharre'

Other Italic: Osk uruvú `Grenze, Grenzweg'

Russ. meaning: ров, граница; шрам

References: WP II 351 f

Comments: See also REFERNUM 1629

Vasmer's dictionary :

Baltic etymology :

Proto-Baltic: *ur̂w-a-/*ur̂w-a- (2?) c.

Meaning: hole

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Lithuanian: ur̃va-s, ùrva-s (pl. ùrvai, urvaĩ), ùrva `Höhle, Loch in der Erde, Schlupfwinkel, -loch'

Lettish: ur̂va² `Loch, Höhle (in der Erde)'

Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *arwaz, *arwiz

Meaning: scar

IE etymology: IE etymology

Old Norse: örr n. `Narbe'

Norwegian: är

Old Swedish: arr, ärr

Swedish: ärr

Danish: arr

Old High German: are

German: { (older) Arbe }

Comments: Finn arpi, Estn arb < NG

Pokorny's dictionary :

Number: 510

Root: ereu-2

English meaning: to tear

German meaning: `aufreißen'

Material: Ai. áruṣ- n. `Wunde';

    anord. ørr, err n. `Narbe' (*arwaz, *arwiz), als finn. Lw. arpi, Gen. arven; mnd. are, nhd. dial. arbe `Narbe';

   

References: WP. II 352, Holthausen Altwestn. Wb. 355.

See also: s. auch unter reu-2 `aufreißen', das wohl dazugehört.

Pages: 338

PIE database: PIE database

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *HurV

Meaning: pierce, hole

Indo-European: *rū-

Altaic: *ŏri ( ~ -e)

Uralic: ? *orma

Kartvelian: *qur-

Dravidian: *ur-c- (cf. also *uṛ- 'to plough' 1668)

Comments: ИС (and ND 2001 *rowV) compares IE *rewǝ- with PU *rowa (МССНЯ 362), but it is rather *rokV (?)

References: МССНЯ 357; ND 1884 *qurV 'to pierce, make a hole; hole, pit' (w/o IE; + Sem.); cf. also PAA *hur- 'pierce'.

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *ŏri ( ~ -e)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to dig

Russian meaning: копать

Turkic: *or-

Mongolian: *örüm

Tungus-Manchu: *urī-

Comments: A Western isogloss.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *or-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to dig 2 hole, pit 3 to tear out, drag out

Russian meaning: 1 копать 2 дыра, яма 3 вырывать, вытаскивать

Karakhanid: oru 2 (MK)

Turkmen: or- 1, or 2

Chuvash: var 2

Yakut: orō- 3

Dolgan: orō- 3

Comments: ЭСТЯ 1, 466-468, TMN 2, 144, Stachowski 196. Turk. > Kalm. ur 'hole, pit'. The Chuv. form may point to a variant *ōr (?).

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *örüm

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: drill, gimlet

Russian meaning: сверло, бурав

Written Mongolian: örüm (L 644)

Middle Mongolian: jorǝm (IM)

Khalkha: öröm

Buriat: ürem

Kalmuck: örṃ

Ordos: ürüm, öröm

Shary-Yoghur: urǝm

Monguor: urǝm

Comments: KW 300, MGCD 549. Mong. probably > Man. eruwen 'drill, auger' (Rozycki 72).

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *urī-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to scoop, dig out

Russian meaning: черпать, вытаскивать

Evenki: urī-

Even: uri-

Negidal: ojị-

Literary Manchu: wara-

Orok: uri-

Nanai: orịčị-; orị 'scoop'

Udighe: ui-

Solon: orū-

Comments: ТМС 2, 23, 284.

Uralic etymology :

Number: 1479

Proto: *orma

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: a slit in a cloth or shoe

German meaning: Einschnitt an einem Kleidungstück od. Schuh

Estonian: orm (gen. orma) 'Loch im Bauernschuh (zum Einziehen der Schnur); Schnur (zum Einziehen)' ?

Mordovian: urmać 'der vordere Saumeinschnitt in einem weiblichen Hemd, Ausschnitt der vorderen Borte', urmats (M) 'kurze Öffnung vorn im Saum eines mordwinischen Weiberhemdes' ?

Kartvelian etymology :

Proto-Kartvelian: *qur-

Nostratic: Nostratic

Russian meaning: продырявливать

English meaning: to pierce, make a hole

Georgian: xwr-eṭ-, xwr-iṭ-, Old Georg. qwr-eṭ-, qwr-iṭ-; xwr-el-, Old Georg. qwrel- 'hole'

Megrel: rxu-, rxv-, xur-, xvir-; xvir-aṭ-, xvir-iṭ-

Svan: qwīr-, qwr-

Laz: xw-, x-

Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 265-266, EWK 569. Сопоставление с алт. *UrV 'яма, отверстие', драв. *urV- 'протыкать' см. МССHЯ 357.

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *ur-c-

Meaning : to pierce

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *ur-

Proto-Telugu : *ucc-

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *uS-

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *us- (*-rc-?)

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *ur-

Meaning : to pierce, penetrate

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : uruvu (uruvi-)

Tamil meaning : to pierce through, penetrate (as an arrow, a needle)

Malayalam : uruvuka

Malayalam meaning : to pierce through, penetrate

Kannada : urcu, uccu

Kannada meaning : to enter into and go out on the other side, penetrate

Tulu : urumbuni, rummuni

Tulu meaning : to bore

Number in DED : 0663

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *ucc-

Meaning : to enter, penetrate, pierce

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : uccu

Number in DED : 663

Kolami-Gadba etymology :

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *uS-

Meaning : to transfix

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Parji : ucc-

Number in DED : 663

Gondwan etymology :

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *us-

Meaning : to pierce

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *us-

Kui-Kuwi etymology :

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *us-

Meaning : to pierce

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Sunkarametta Kuwi : uh- (ust-)

Kuwi (Israel) : uh- "to stab"

Number in DED : 663

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