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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *lakw-
Meaning: lake, pond
Old Greek: lákko-s m. `Wasserloch, Zisterne; Teich, Grube'
Latin: lacus, gen. -ūs (/ -ī) m. `jede trogartige Vertiefung, See; Brunnentrog; Kufe; Grube'; lacūna f. `Vertiefung, Senkung; Loch, Grube; Lache, Weiher'
Celtic: OIr loch `lacus, stagnum' (< *laku-s); OCorn lagen `stagnum', Bret lagen `lac, mare'
Russ. meaning: стоячий водоем
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Vasmer's dictionary :
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Word: локы,
Near etymology: род. п. -къве "лужа", только др.-русск., цслав. локы, ст.-слав. локы, род. п. локъве λάκκος (Еuсh. Sin.), болг. ло́ква "лужа, небольшой пруд, озеро", сербохорв. ло̏ква, словен. l|o,,)|kǝv, род. l|o,,)|kve; l|o,,)|kva "лужа".
Further etymology: Родственно лат. lacus, род. п. -ūs "стоячая вода, озеро, корыто у источника, яма", lасūnа "дыра, яма", греч. λάκκος (из *λάκος "углубление, дыра"), ирл. lосh "озеро", др.-англ., др.-сакс. lagu "озеро", др.-исл. lo<gr -- то же; см. Бернекер 1, 730; Траутман, ВSW 149; Торп 358; Вальде--Гофм. 1, 748; Педерсен, Kelt. Gr. 1, 361. Заимствование из др.-герм. *lakkô (д.-в.-н. lahha, ср.-нж.-нем., ср.-нидерл. lаkе, нов.-в.-н. Lасhе "лужа") исключено, вопреки Уленбеку (AfslPh 15, 489), Лёве (у Пайскера 62); ср. Бернекер, там же.
Pages: 2,515
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *lek-men-iā̃ f., *lak-men-ā̂ f.
Meaning: pool, puddle
Lithuanian: lekmẽnē 'Pfhuhl, Pfütze', lakmenà 'tiefer Teich, in dem ziemlich viel Schlamm ist'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *lagú-z; *láxō
Meaning: see, water
Old Norse: lɔg-r m. `See, Wasser, Nass', lɔ̄, lā `Strandwasser, Meer, Welle'
Norwegian: log; lɔ `Sumpwasser, bes. rotgefärbt durch Eisenerz'
Swedish: lag
Old Danish: low, lou
Old English: lagu (lago) m. `see, water'
Old Saxon: lagu `See'
Middle High German: lā st. f. 'lache, sumpf, sumpfwiese'
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 1117
Root: laku-
English meaning: water basin (ditch, lake, sea)
German meaning: `Wasseransammlung in einer Grube, Lache, See'
Material: Gr. λάκκος (*λακυ̯ος) `Zisterne, Teich'; lat. lacus, -ūs m. (ahd. lahha `Lache', mnd. lake `Pfütze', ags. lacu f. `Fluß, Bach' usw., sind lat. Lw.) `Grube, See, Trog', lacūna `Vertiefung, Grube, Lache' (davon lacūnar n. `Felderdecke', wie laquear ds. direkt von lacus aus);
air. loch n. `See, Teich' (*laku), daraus entlehnt cymr. llwch, usw.; acorn. bret. lagen `See, Teich'; südostfrz. loye wohl aus venet.-illyr. *loku̯ā; unklares о auch im gall. ON Penne-locōs (Gen. *-ous);
ags. asächs. lagu (*lakú-) `See' (dazu der nordwestd. FlN Leine aus Lagina), aisl. lǫgr m. `See, Wasser, Flüssigkeit'; dazu lā, lǣ f. `Strandwasser, See' (*lahō), mhd. lā `Brunnen, Sumpfwasser';
abg. loky f. (*lakū), Gen. -ьve `Lache, Zisterne', serb. lȍkva `Lache, Pfütze', usw.
References: WP. II 380 f., WH. I 748, Trautmann 149.
Pages: 653
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *laḳwV
Meaning: pool, low ground
References: ND 1282 *ḷaḲ[u] 'body of water'. nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-ura,nostret-reference,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 458
Proto: *lakte
English meaning: bay
German meaning: Bucht
Finnish: lahti (gen. lahden), dial. laksi, laaksi 'Meerbusen, Bucht' ?
Estonian: laht (gen. lahe, lahi) ?
Saam (Lapp): luok'tå (N) 'creek, bay', luokta (L) 'Meerbusen, Meerbucht', lī̊kt (T), lūχt (Kld.), luøχt (Not.) 'Bucht, Meerbusen' ?
Khanty (Ostyak): ḷŏk (V), lŏχ (DN), loχ (O) 'lange, schmale Bucht' ( > Nen. O loχeʔ 'Winkel', Lj. loχī 'schmale Seebucht')
Mansi (Vogul): lōk (KM), lōχ (LO) 'Bucht'
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : LVKV
Meaning : pool, low ground
Afroasiatic : *lVk- 'river, water' (Chad., Omot.)
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ɫV́qV ( ~ -G-)
Meaning: pool, wave
North Caucasian: PL *laq:Iʷ (Lezg. leʁʷ etc.)
Comments and references : [PL...]
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-buru,sccet-notes,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *klōk (~g-)
Meaning: valley
Burmese: khjauk (OB khlok) valley.
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 谷
Modern (Beijing) reading: gǔ
Preclassic Old Chinese: klōk
Classic Old Chinese: kōk
Western Han Chinese: kōk
Eastern Han Chinese: kōk
Early Postclassic Chinese: kōk
Middle Postclassic Chinese: kōk
Late Postclassic Chinese: kwōk
Middle Chinese: kuk
English meaning : valley; name for the East wind
Russian meaning[s]: 1) русло горного потока; ущелье, дефиле; 2) быть в очень стесненном положении
Shuowen gloss: 泉出川為谷.從水半見出於口.凡谷之屬皆從谷. [570]
Radical: 150
Four-angle index: 1361
Karlgren code: 1202 a-c
Vietnamese reading: cốc
Shijing occurrences: 2.1_, 35.1
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 453
Character: 谷
MC description : 通合一入屋見
ZIHUI: 6253 0913
Beijing: ku 2
Jinan: ku 11
Xi'an: ku 11
Taiyuan: kuǝʔ 41
Hankou: ku 12
Chengdu: ku 12
Yangzhou: kɔʔ 4
Suzhou: koʔ 41
Wenzhou: ku 41
Changsha: ku 4
Shuangfeng: kǝu 12
Nanchang: kuk 41
Meixian: kuk 41
Guangzhou: kuk 41
Xiamen: kɔk 41
Chaozhou: kok 41
Fuzhou: kouʔ 41
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *deʔG
Meaning: lake
Ket: dɛʔ, pl. dēŋ
Yug: dɛʔ, pl. deŋ
Kottish: ūr-tēg, ūr-tēx, pl. ūr-takŋ; асс. urtek (Бол.), urtég (М., Сл., Кл.)
Arin: kur-t́ú (М., Сл., Кл.); (Лоск.) kur-tük
Pumpokol: dánniŋ (Сл.) (plural form)
Comments: ССЕ 219. Kott. and Arin reflect a compound with *xur(a) 'fluid'. Werner 1, 185 <*degǝ / *deʔǝ>. [NB: Werner also lists Ar. dalaj 'see' analyzed as "da + laj, vgl. ar. H laj 'Sumpf'" - an obvious mistake, because dalaj is a transparent Mong. loanword].
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Burushaski etymology :
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Common Burushaski: *láquc
Meaning: waves
Hunza: láquc
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-hun,
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