Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *kaput-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: head

Old Indian: *kaput- `head' in kapúc-chala- n. `tuft of hair on the hind part of the head'

Germanic: *xa(u)b-Vd-a- m., n.

Latin: caput, -itis n. `Haupt, Kopf, Spitze, Kuppe, Hauptsache, -stadt'

Russ. meaning: голова

References: WP I 346 f

Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *xa(u)bVda-z, -n

Meaning: head

IE etymology: IE etymology

Gothic: haubiɵ (-d-) n. (a) `head'

Old Norse: haufuδ (Bragi), hɔfuδ n. `Haupt; Anführer; Mann'

Norwegian: hovud

Swedish: huvud

Danish: hoved

Old English: hēafod, gen. hēafdes m. `head, chief, source, the commencing point or the highest point (of a stream, of a field, etc.)'; { hafud; hafola }

English: head

Old Frisian: hāved, hāfd, OWFris hād

Old Saxon: hōvid

Middle Dutch: hōvet, hooft, hoot

Dutch: hoofd n.

Old Franconian: hōvid

Middle Low German: hȫvet

Old High German: houbit `Kopf, Haupt' (8.Jh.)

Middle High German: houbet, houpt st. n. 'kopf, haupt an menschen und tieren'

German: Haupt n.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *ḳapV

Meaning: head, back of head

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *kap-

Kartvelian: *ḳep-

Dravidian: *kop-

References: ОСНЯ 1, 319-320; ND 1118 *ḳ[a](w)ṗE 'skull; occiput', 1120 *ḲaP_VLV id.

Kartvelian etymology :

Proto-Kartvelian: *ḳep-

Nostratic: Nostratic

Russian meaning: затылок, череп

English meaning: back of head; skull

Georgian: ḳep-a

Georgian meaning (Rus.): затылок

Georgian meaning (Engl.): back of head

Megrel: ḳope, ḳoṗe

Megrel meaning (Rus.): затылок

Megrel meaning (Eng.): back of head

Svan: ḳaḳäp

Svan meaning (Rus.): череп

Svan meaning (Eng.): skull

Notes and references: См. ОСНЯ 1, 319, где основа сравнивается с ПИЕ *k[a]p- 'голова, череп' < ностр. *ḳap`V.

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *kop-

Meaning : topknot of hair

Proto-South Dravidian: *kop-

Proto-Telugu : *kopp-

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *kop-

Proto-North Dravidian : *qop-

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *kop-

Meaning : tuft of hair

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : koppu

Tamil meaning : chignon, coil of hair

Kannada : koppu

Kannada meaning : female's hair tied in a tuft

Number in DED : 2110

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *kopp-

Meaning : chignon

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : koppu

Number in DED : 2110

Gondwan etymology :

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *kop-

Meaning : hair; sp. hairdo

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Gondi : *kup-

Konda : kopu (pl. kopku)

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *kop-

Notes on correspondences : In Gondi *-op- > *-up- ?

Gondi etymology :

Proto-Gondi : *kup-

Meaning : heap, stack

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Muria Gondi : kupa

Maria Gondi : guppa

Seoni Gondi : kuppa

Koya Gondi : kuppa

Maria Gondi (Lind) : kupā kiyānā "to gather together"

Adilabad Gondi : kuppa

Additional forms : Also Gondi_L kupāhanā to gather, collect

Number in DED : 1731

Number in CVOTGD : 760

Konda etymology :

Konda : kopu (pl. kopku)

Meaning: hair (of men and women)

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Number in DED : 2110

Kui-Kuwi etymology :

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *kop-

Meaning : coil of hair; coiffure

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Kui : kopa "coil of a woman's hair"

Kuwi (Fitzgerald) : kūbbū "coiffure (female)"

Kuwi (Mahanti) : kubbu "chignon, woman's hair-bun"

Kuwi (Israel) : kubbu "chignon, woman's hair-bun"

Additional forms : Also Kui kupuli crest of a bird, tuft of feathers

Notes : In Kui kupuli probably < *kopuli. Kuwi forms are almost certainly borrowed from SDR, especially since the inlaut -bb- is extremely rare in Kuwi.

Number in DED : 2110

North Dravidian etymology :

Proto-North-Dravidian : *qop-

Meaning : (Hahn) chignon

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kurukh : xoppā

Number in DED : 2110

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : KVPV

Meaning : skull

Eurasiatic : *ḳapV

Afroasiatic : *ḳapay-

Sino-Caucasian : *QwVbV́ ( ~ -ṗ-) (**'nape'?)

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ḳapay-

Meaning: occiput, back of the head

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Semitic: *ḳapy- 'occiput, back of the head'

Berber: *iḳaf- (<*ḳapy) 'head'

East Chadic: *kup- 'occiput'

Notes: Cf. Milit. Lib., 264; HSED, 1548 (Syr., Arb.; Ghd., Qbl.; ECh.)

Semitic etymology :

Number: 2133

Proto-Semitic: *ḳapy-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: occiput, back of the head

Syrian Aramaic: ḳāp(ǝ)yā, ḳǝpāyā, ḳapāyā 'postica pars cervicis' [Brock 683]

Arabic: ḳafaⁿ 'derrière du cou, nuque; derrière de la tête, occiput' [BK 2 792]

Geʕez (Ethiopian): ḳāf 'shoulder blade' [LGz 423].

    Cf. kup, kop 'top of skull' [ibid. 289] (a variant root?)

Harari: ḳafät 'forehead' [LHar 122]

East Ethiopic: SEL WOL ZWY ḳäfät do. [LGur 373]

Mehri: ḳǝfē 'back' [JM 226]

Jibbali: ḳéfɛ́ do. [JJ 142]

Harsusi: ḳefē do. [JH 74]

Notes: Meanings very diverse, the AFRASIAN data supporting 'occiput, back of the head', which is the only one to account for such semantic shifts as 'back of the head' > 'head' > 'forehead' (ETH EAST) and 'back of the head' > 'back' (MSA).

    [Brock 683]: SYR, JUD (ḳǝpāyā, not in [Ja]; translated as 'Umgebung, Zubehör (eig. was darin ist)' in [Lewy IV 353])

Berber etymology :

Proto-Berber: *iḳaf- (<*ḳapy)

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'head'

Ghadames: īɣǝf

Djerba: iḫf

Nefusa: iɣf

Siwa: a-ḫfi

Ghat: iɣǝf

Ayr: eɣăf

Ahaggar (Tahaggart): eɣǝf

Tawllemmet: eɣăf

Izdeg: iḫf

Rif: iḫf

Wargla: iɣf

Snus: iḫf

Shenwa: iḫf

Qabyle (Ayt Mangellat): iḫf

East Chadic etymology :

Proto-EChadic: *kup-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'occiput'

Dangla: kòpò [Fd]

Migama: kúpó [JMig]

Jegu: kofo [??]

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *QwVbV ( ~ -ṗ-)

Meaning: back

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Sino-Tibetan: *KʷVp

Yenisseian: *χɔ(ʔ)b-

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *KʷVp

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: back, behind

Tibetan: rgjab the back of the body.

Burmese: kup the back part of the neck.

Yenisseian etymology :

Proto-Yenisseian: *χɔb-

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: back

Ket: qɔv-ǝt⁵, pl. qɔvɨrǝŋ⁶; Bak., Sur. qɔbǝt⁵, pl. qɔbɨdǝŋ⁶

Yug: xɔf-at⁵, pl. xɔfadɨŋ⁶

Kottish: hapar, pl. haparaŋ, (Бол.) xabar "back"; hap-tu "middle"

Arin: qop (М., Сл., Срсл., Кл.) "back"; akop (Лоск.) id.

Comments: ССЕ 303. Yug displays an assimilative devoicing. Kott. -r does not allow to reconstruct the usual body part suffix *-Vʒ: all the languages reflect here rather an old compound *χɔb-ʔaʔd, lit. "back bone". Werner 2, 120 <*qʌʔp> (but Pump. kolpar should be kept separate, see *χɔlap).

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