Indo-European etymology : List with all references

Proto-IE: *dg'heis-, *dg'hyes-

Meaning: yesterday

Old Indian: hyás `yesterday', hyastana `hesternal'

Other Iranian: NPers dī, dīg, dīn 'gestern'

Old Greek: khthés, ekhthés `gestern'; khthizdó- `gestrig'

Latin: herī, heri, here `gestern', hesternus `gestrig'

Celtic: OIr in-dhē; Cymr doe, OCorn dvy, NCorn dé, Mbret dech, NBret deac'h `gestern'; *noktigestro-: Cymr neithiwyr, Corn neihur, nehur, MBret neysor, neiser `gestern Abend'

Albanian: dje 'yesterday', djéshëm id. (adj.), pardjé 'day before yesterday'

Russ. meaning: вчера

References: WP I 664 f

Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *gistVr-; *gjēz, *gēz

Meaning: yesterday

IE etymology: IE etymology

Gothic: gistra-dagis adv. `tomorrow'

Old Norse: ī gǟr, ī gjār `gestern', gjār-dagr, -kveld `der gestrige Tag, Abend'

Norwegian: dial. gjɔr, gjär

Old Swedish: i gār

Swedish: i gɔr

Danish: igɔr `gestern', gɔrs-dagen `das Gestern'

Old English: giestron `yesterday', geostra (giestra, gystra, gyrsta) adj. `of yesterday'; { gystran däg, northumbr. giosterdäg }

English: yesterday

Middle Dutch: ghist(e)ren

Dutch: gisteren

Middle Low German: gisterne, gister(e)

Old High German: gestere, gestre, gesteron, gesterēn (9.Jh.) `gestern'; gesterīg `gestrig' (um 1000)

Middle High German: gɛster(n) adv. 'gestern'; gɛsteric 'gestrig'; ē-gɛster 'vorgestern'

German: gestern, gestrig

Pokorny's dictionary :

Number: 621

Root: ĝhði̯és (schwundst. ĝhðis?), vereinfacht (?) zu ĝhðés, ĝhi̯és, ĝhés

English meaning: yesterday

German meaning: `gestern'

Material: Ai. hyáḥ `gestern' (ghi̯és), hyastana-ḥ `gestrig', av. zyō, apers. diya(ka), pers. dī(g);

gr. eleisch σερ-ός χθές Hes. (aus *χι̯ες, idg. ĝhi̯és?); gr. χθές (*ĝhðés), ἐχθές (nach ἐκει̃νος : κει̃νος, selbständige Partikel oder Vorschlagsvokal, s. oben S. 283 und Schwyzer Gr. Gr. I 413, Lejeune Traité 182); χθιζός, adverb. χθιζά `gestrig', nach Schwyzer Gr. Gr. I 351 aus χθές + *δι̯ά zu ai. a-dyā́ `heute' (Instrum. von idg. *di̯os `Tag'; fehlt oben S. 183), mit vortoniger Schwächung des ε zu ι, nach Specht KZ. 68, 205 aus *ĝhðis > ĝhis mit Adverbialsuffix (wie in gr. κρύβ-δα); χθεσινός `gestrig';

alb. dje `gestern', dial. `morgen' (*ĝhes), djethine ds., para-dje `vorgestern';

lat. herī̆, herĕ `gestern', hesternus `gestrig' (aus *hestrinos mit -tro- wie in germ. *gestra-);

air. in-dē (*gdi̯és), cymr. doe, acorn. doy, ncorn. dē, mbret. dech, nbret. deac'h `gestern' (die brit. Formen aus *gdii̯es); cymr. neithiwr usw. `gestern abend' vielmehr aus *nokti + cymr. hwyr `spät' (Lw. aus lat. sērus);

got. gistra-dagis `morgen', ags. geostra, wsächs. giestran-dæg, nordhumbr. gioster-dæg `gestern', ahd. kestre, gesteron, gesterên `gestern'; dehnstufig anord. í gǽr (*gēz-), i gjār (Noreen Aisl. Gr.⁴ p. 72, 263а 1); s. darüber Specht KZ. 68, 202 f.

References: WP. I 664, WH. I 642 f., 869, Schwyzer Gr. Gr. I 326, 631, 10, Specht KZ. 68, 201 ff.

Pages: 416

PIE database: PIE database