Indo-European etymology : List with all references

Proto-IE: *dōur-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: palm (of hand)

Old Greek: dō̂ro-n n. `Handbreite'; Arc. acc. dárin = spithamḗn Hsch., (*Lacon.) dáreir = spithamḗ Hsch.

Celtic: OIr dorn `Faust, Hand'; Cymr dwrn `Hand', dyrnaid, MCymr dyrneit `Handvoll', Bret dorn `Hand', dournek `wer grosse Hände hat'

Russ. meaning: ладонь растянутый

References: WP I 794 f

Baltic etymology :

Proto-Baltic: *dū̃r-iā̃ f., *dū̃r-ia- (2) c.

Meaning: fist

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Lettish: dùre, dûris² 'Faust'

Pokorny's dictionary :

Number: 341

Root: der-1 (: dōr-, d_er-) oder dōr- : dǝr-

English meaning: hand span

German meaning: `Spanne der Hand'

Material: Gr. δω̃ρον `Handfläche, Spanne der Hand' (Längenmaß), ὀρθόδωρον `der Abstand von der Haudwurzel zur Fingerspitze', hom. ἑκκαιδεκάδωρος `16 Spannen lang', tiefstufig ark. Akk. δά̄ριν σπιθαμήν Hes. (lak. δάρειρ Hes. ist Fehlschreibung für δάρις, Schwyzer Gr. Gr. I 506);

alb. dorë `Hand' aus *dōrom (M. La Piana IF. 58, 98);

aisl. tarra `ausbreiten', terra ds.

Nur unter einem Ansatz du̯er- : dur- oder du̯ōr-: du̯ǝr : dur- lautlich zu rechtfertigen wäre Vergleich mit kelt. dur-no- in air. dorn `Faust, Hand', cymr. dwrn `Hand', dyrnod (mcymr.dyrnawt) `Ohrfeige', dyrnaid (mcymr. dyrneit) `Handvoll', bret. dorn `Hand', dournek `wer große Hände hat'; doch stehen diese Worte auch in der Bedeutungsfärbung `geballte Hand, Faust, Faustschlag' so weit von den gr. ab, daß sie eine Vereinigung mit ihnen nicht heischen.

Für kelt. *durno- erwägt man andrerseits Verwandtschaft mit lett. dùre, dûris `Faust'; dieses ist zu lett. duŕu, dũru, dur̃t `stechen, stoßen' zu stellen (vgl. pugnus : pungo); ob so auch kelt. dur-no-? Vgl. Mühlenbach-Endzelin I 529 und s. unter der-4.

References: WP. I 794 f.

Pages: 203

PIE database: PIE database

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *tVrV

Meaning: to drag, spread

Indo-European: *trag(')h-, *d-; *dreg- 1899; *dōur- 196

Altaic: *tā̀ro

Kartvelian: *tar- / *tr-

Comments: Cf. also PA *t`i̯árko 'a k. of vehicle', PD *tēr- 'chariot' (suggested by V. Glumov).

References: Cf. *ṭVŕgV, *tVrṭV. ND 2413 *ṭaRV, -HVgV, -ṭV 'to drag, pull' (with a lot of confusion).

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *tā̀ro

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to stretch, spread

Russian meaning: растягивать

Turkic: *dar-

Mongolian: *dar-

Tungus-Manchu: *dār-

Korean: *tăr-

Comments: Лексика 256, Lee 1958, 107 (Kor.-TM). Cf. *t`ájri.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *dar-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to go apart, scatter, spread 2 to branch, be forked 3 branch 4 claw 5 finger

Russian meaning: 1 расходиться, рассеиваться, распространяться 2 растопыриваться, разветвляться 3 ветвь 4 лапа 5 палец

Karakhanid: tarmaq 4, tarmaqla- 2, tar- 1 (MK)

Turkish: darga- 1 (dial.)

Tatar: tar- 1 (dial.), tarmaq 3

Middle Turkic: tar- 'to put an end to smth.' (Qutb)

Uzbek: tarvaj- 2, tarmaq 3

Uighur: tarmaq 3

Sary-Yughur: tarmaq 5

Azerbaidzhan: darma-daɣɨn 'scattered'

Turkmen: darɣa- 1

Khakassian: tarba- 2

Chuvash: torat 3

Yakut: tarbax 5, tarɣā- 1

Dolgan: targat- 1 (tr.)

Tuva: darba- 2

Kirghiz: tarba- 2, tarmaq 3

Kazakh: tarmaq 3

Noghai: tarma- 2, tarmaq 3

Bashkir: tarba- 2, tarmaq 3

Karakalpak: tarba- 2, tarmaq 3

Kumyk: tarmaq 3

Comments: VEWT 463, EDT 529, ЭСТЯ 3, 150-151, Дыбо 312, Лексика 256, Федотов 2, 251, Stachowski 218. Widely spread modern Kypchak forms like Kirgh. tara-, tarqa- 'to become scattered' etc. are most probably < Mong. tara-, tarqa- (see under *t`ájri), since the (rather scanty) Oghuz evidence points to *d-, so Clauson (EDT 529) may be right in thinking that there is no etymological connection between PT *dar- and Mong. tara-, tarqa- 'disperse'. It is also probable that the common Turkic derivatives *darma- 'to scrape, rake up; to scatter, disperse in different directions', as well as *dara- 'to comb' (ЭСТЯ 3, 147-149, Stachowski 217) can belong here - although both roots tend to contaminate actively with PT *dɨrŋa- 'to scrape' (q. v. sub *či̯ŭru).

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *darba-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to gape, open wide 2 width of the palm of the hand, width of the finger

Russian meaning: 1 зиять, широко раскрывать 2 ширина ладони, пальца

Written Mongolian: darbaji- 1 (L 232), daruma 2 (L 235)

Khalkha: darvaj- 1, daram 2

Buriat: darbaj- 1

Kalmuck: darwǟ- 1

Ordos: darwǟ- 1

Dagur: darbalǯi- 1 (Тод. Даг. 135), darbǝi- 1 (MGCD 202)

Comments: KW 79.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *dār-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to stretch 2 fathom

Russian meaning: 1 растягивать 2 сажень

Evenki: dār 2

Even: dār 2

Negidal: dā 2

Literary Manchu: da 2, dara- 1

Ulcha: dā(l) 2

Orok: dā(ra) 2

Nanai: dā(r) 2

Oroch: dā 2

Udighe: dā 2

Comments: ТМС 1, 198.

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *tăr-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to pull

Russian meaning: тянуть, растягивать

Modern Korean: tari- (arch.)

Middle Korean: tărăi-

Comments: Nam 135, KED 383.

Kartvelian etymology :

Proto-Kartvelian: *tar- / tr-

Nostratic: Nostratic

Russian meaning: тащить

English meaning: to drag

Georgian: tr-

Megrel: (n)tir-

Svan: tr-, tir-

Laz: tor-, tur-, tir-

Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 95, EWK 156. Бомхард (1996, 154) сравнивает ПИЕ *tregh- 'тащить' (варианты: *dhregh-, *dergh-), хотя суффиксация неясна. Ср. также алт. *tār[U] 'тащить, тянуть'.