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Indo-European etymology :

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Proto-IE: *dolǝgh-/*delegh-
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Meaning: long
Hittite: daluki- `lang' (Friedrich 206)
Old Indian: dīrghá- `long'
Avestan: darǝga-, darǝɣa-
Other Iranian: OPers darga- 'lang'
Old Greek: dolikhó- `lang', dólikho-s m. `Langlauf'; en-delekhḗs `fortdauernd, ununterbrochen'
Slavic: *dьlgъ
Baltic: *il̂g-a- (1) adj.
Germanic: *tulg=
Latin: indulgeō, -ēre, indulsī, indultum `nachsichtig sein, nachgeben, nachhängen, frönen, willfahren'
Russ. meaning: длинный
References: WP I 813
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Vasmer's dictionary :

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Word: до́лгий,
Near etymology: до́лог, долга́, до́лго, укр. до́вгий, блр. до́ўгi, ст.-слав. длъгъ μακρός (Супр.), болг. дъ́лI(ъ)г\, сербохорв. ду̏г, словен. dȏɫg, ж. dóɫga, чеш. dlouhý, слвц. dlhý, польск. dɫugi, в.-луж. doɫhi, н.-луж. диал. dɫugi "длинный, долгий".
Further etymology: Родственно лит. ìlgas, лтш. il̃gs "длинный, долгий", др.-инд. dīrghás, авест. darǝɣa-, др.-перс. darga-, греч. δολιχός, лат. indulgeō "быть снисходительным, иметь склонность", хеттск. daluga- "длинный", др.-инд., сравн. степ. drā́ghīyān, превосх. drā́ghiṣṭas, авест. drāǰyō "далее", drāǰištǝm "длиннее, дольше всего"; см. И. Шмидт, Vok. 2, 22; Krit. 32 и сл.; Бернекер 1, 251 и сл.; М. -- Э. 1, 705; Бецценбергер, GGA, 1896, стр. 954 и сл.; Траутман, Apr. Sprd. 346, 55; Вальде -- Гофм. 1, 694 и сл.; Мейе, BSL 25, 27; Мейе -- Вайан 77. Далее, сюда же относят лат. longus, гот. laggs "длинный" из *dlongos; см. Шпехт 126. Отсюда до́лгий "леший" -- табуистическое название, потому что, по поверью, он длинный, как деревья; см. Хаверс 113.
Trubachev's comments: [В балт. языках наиболее близка слав. слову, вероятно, ятвяжская форма, следы которой обнаруживаются в гидронимах Литвы Dùlgas, Dulgẽlė; см. Отрембский, BNF 8, 1957, стр. 280 и сл. -- Т.]
Pages: 1,524-525
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Baltic etymology :

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Proto-Baltic: *il̂g-a- (1) adj.
Meaning: long
Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology
Lithuanian: ìlga- `lang'
Lettish: il̃gs `lang (temporal)'
Old Prussian: ilgi, ilga adv. `lange, diu'
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Germanic etymology :

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Proto-Germanic: *tulg=
Meaning: firm, steady
IE etymology: IE etymology
Gothic: tulgu-s (u) `firm, steady', tulgjan wk.
Old English: tulge adv., comp. tylg, spl. tylgest `strongly, firmly'
Old Saxon: tulgo adv. `sehr'
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Pokorny's dictionary :

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Number: 333
Root: del-5
English meaning: long
German meaning: `lang', verbal `in die Länge ziehen'
General comments: zuversichtlicher nur fürs Slav. einzuräumen, aber wohl Basis für die verbreitete Erw. delēgh- und (d)longho- (s. zuletzt Persson Beitr. 889, 903 Anm. 1)
Material: Vielleicht hierher anord. talma `aufhalten, hindern', mnd. talmen `trödeln, im Reden und in der Arbeit langsam sein, dumm reden', norw. mdartl. tøla `zögern, warten', tøle `Tropf, Tor' (Persson Beitr. 889);

    aksl. pro-dьliti `μηκυ̃ναι', russ. dlitь `hinziehen, zögern', dliná f. `Länge', čech. dle f. `Länge', dlíti `zögern', usw. (Berneker 252); vielleicht dalję `weit, fern' (Meillet MSL.14, 373; Berneker 177 neben anderen Ergänzungen).

    delēgh-, dḹghó-:

    schwachstufig ai. dīrghá- = av. darǝga-, darǝɣa-, apers. darga- `lang', hochstufig Komp. Superl. drā́ghīyas-, drā́ghiṣṭha- `länger, längst', av. drājyō Adv. `weiter', drājištǝm Adv. `amlängsten', npers. dirāz (eigentlich Komparativ) `lang', ai. drāghimán-, drāghmán- m. `Länge, Dauer', av. drājō n. `Strecke, Länge';

    gr. ἐνδελεχής `fortdauernd' (`*sich in die Länge ziehend'), ἐνδελεχέω `dauere fort', δολιχός `lang' (zum i s. Schwyzer Gr. Gr. I 278, anders Specht Dekl. 126), δόλιχος `die lange Rennbahn';

    über alb. glatë usw. s. unten;

    lat. vermutlich indulgeō `gehe einer Sache nach, fröne ihr; bin willfährig' (: ἐνδελεχής, Gdbed. dann `bin langmütig jemandem gegenüber, halte geduldig aus') aus *en-dolgh-ei̯ō.

    cymr. dal, dala, daly `halten', bret. dalc'h `Besitz', derc'hel `halten' (r diss. aus l, vgl. Partiz. dalc'het) vermutlich mit ders. Bed.-Entw. wie nhd. `wonach langen' zu `lang' (Gdf.*del(ǝ)gh-; Zupitza BB. 25, 90 f., Pedersen KG. I 52, 106);

    got. tulgus `fest, standhaft' (`*lang, ausdauernd'), as. tulgo Adv. `sehr', ags. tulge, Komp. tylg `lieber', Superl. tylgest `best';

    balt. mit unerklärtem d-Verlust (s. unten): lit. ìlgas, f. ilgà, lett. il̃gs, apr. ilga und ilgi Adv. `lang';

    aksl. dlъgъ, serb. dȕg, ačech. dlúhý, russ. dóɫgij `lang' (= ai. dīrghá-), dazu serb. dûž f. `Länge'; aksl. dlъgota `Länge' (= ai. dīrghatā); urslav. *dlgostь, poln. dɫugość usw. ds.;

    hitt. Nom. Pl. da-lu-ga-e-eš (dalugaes) `lang', da-lu-ga-aš-ti (dalugasti) n. `Länge'.

    /d/longho-s:

    a) mpers. drang, npers. dirang `lang' (aber alb. glatë, gjatë, gjat `lang' zunächst aus *dlagh-t-);

    b) lat. longus, got. laggs, ags. ahd. nhd. lang (ahd. langēn `lang werden, lang dünken, verlangen', usw.); aber air. usw. long `Schiff' scheint aus lat. (navis) longa entlehnt; wegen der zweiten Bedeutung `Gefäß' und mir. coblach `Flotte' (*kom-u̯o-log- oder *-lug-) hält jedoch Loth (RC. 43, 133 f.) das Wort für echt keltisch; vgl. auch den abrit. FlN Λόγγος (Ptol.) und den gall. VN ΛΟΓΓΟ-ΣΤΑΛΗΤΕΣ (Aude); anlaut. dl- bleibt sonst keltisch erhalten. In der Gruppe b) wird eine bereits gemeinsame westidg. Vereinfachung vorliegen, die mit dem d-Verlust von balt. ilgas zusammenhängen dürfte. Vgl. auch Specht Dekl. 126.

References: WP. I 812 f., WH. I 694 f., 820 f., Trautmann 55, Pedersen Hitt. 34 f.
Pages: 196-197
PIE database: PIE database
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Nostratic etymology :

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Eurasiatic: *tel(ḥ)V
Meaning: long
Borean: Borean
Indo-European: *del- (*dolǝgh- / *delegh- / *dlongh-)
Altaic: *t`ēlu
References: МССНЯ 339; ND 2269 *täl̄ʡE(-ga) 'to be long' (IE + incorr. Alt. + Arab.); 2366 *ṭä[w]ĺV ~ *ṭä[ʔU]ĺV 'to extend, stretch, become long' (Alt. with incorr. Turk. + SH).
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Altaic etymology :

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Proto-Altaic: *t`ḗlù
Nostratic: Nostratic
Meaning: string, spreader, to spread
Russian meaning: веревка, растяжка, растягивать
Turkic: *tēl
Mongolian: *tele-
Tungus-Manchu: *tel-
Japanese: *túrù
Comments: Despite Doerfer MT 52, TM cannot be borrowed from Mong.
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Turkic etymology :

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Proto-Turkic: *tēl
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: 1 wire, string 2 thong 3 strand
Russian meaning: 1 волосок, струна, проволока 2 ремешок, которым привязан наконечник стрелы 3 прядь, пучок нитей
Karakhanid: tili 2 (MK)
Turkish: tel 1
Azerbaidzhan: tel 1
Turkmen: til 1
Chuvash: tal 3
Noghai: tel 1
Gagauz: tel 1
Kumyk: tel 1
Comments: VEWT 471, EDT 491. Turk. > NPers., Kurd., Osset. tel etc. Bailey 129 cites Saka ttīla 'thread, wire' and considers it the source of Turkic forms, tracing it back to *tarɵrya - cf. Pers. tār < *tarɵra. However there are no direct Iranian parallels for the Saka form (cf. Аб. 3, 288, maintaining that the Osset. and Kurd. form do not go back to Proto-Iranian but are borrowed from neighbouring languages); so the word may well be a Turkism in Saka and other Iranian languages. The Turkic origin is also corroborated by the Chuv. parallel.
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Mongolian etymology :

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Proto-Mongolian: *tele-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: to protract, spread (skins, clothes)
Russian meaning: растягивать (шкуры, ткани, лук)
Written Mongolian: tele-, teli- (L 797)
Khalkha: tele-
Buriat: telǖr 'litter, stretcher'
Kalmuck: tel-
Ordos: tele-
Monguor: terge- (SM 418)
Comments: KW 390.
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Tungus etymology :

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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *tel-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: 1 to cock (a cross-bow) 2 to spread a carcass, to skin 3 spreader
Russian meaning: 1 насторожить (самострел), натянуть (стрелу) 2 распластывать, свежевать 3 поперечная палка у вертела
Evenki: telbe- 1, telge- 2
Even: telgъ- 2
Negidal: telge- 2
Ulcha: telǯeči- 2
Orok: telde- 2, telbe 3
Nanai: telgeči- 2
Oroch: tegge- 2
Udighe: tegesi- 2
Comments: ТМС 2, 231.
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Japanese etymology :

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Proto-Japanese: *túrù
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: bow-string
Russian meaning: тетива
Old Japanese: turu
Middle Japanese: túrù
Tokyo: tsurú
Kyoto: tsúrù
Kagoshima: tsurú
Comments: JLTT 557.
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Long-range etymologies :

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Borean (approx.) : TVLV
Meaning : long
Eurasiatic : *tel(ḥ)V
Afroasiatic : ? Ar. tlḥ (cf. also: SH *ṭVwl- 'long, far' in Sem., Cush., Chad., see ND 2366)
Sino-Caucasian : ST *dhălH
Austric : (Peiros 1989) *t'Vl 'spread'
African (misc.) : Bantu *-tádì 'long, length'.
Reference : МССНЯ 339; ND 2269, 2366.
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