Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *smelk'-, -g'-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: a k. of herbaceous plant

Slavic: *smьlzъ, -ā (> OPol smilz, Slov smlza 'Aira caespitosa')

Baltic: *smil̂g-ā̂ f. (1/2)

Germanic: *smil(a)x-ōn- f., *smilx-iō f., *smilx-w-ōn- f., etc.

Russ. meaning: растение (травянистое)

References: Fraenkel 846

Baltic etymology :

Proto-Baltic: *smil̂g-ā̂ f. (1/2)

Meaning: a k. of herbaceous plant

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Lithuanian: smìlga, dial. smilgà 'Straussgras (Agrostis), Windhalm', dial. 'blaues Perlgras (Melica caerulea); Schmiele (Aira flexuosa)'

Lettish: smil̂ga (?/ smil̃ga): balta sm. 'Agrostisalba stolonifera', cin̨u sm. 'Aira caespitosa', vēršu sm. 'Briza media', pumpuru sm. 'Perlgras (Melica nutans L.)', rudzu sm. 'Agrostis', purvu sm. 'Carex arenaria L.'

Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *smil(a)xōn, *smilxjō, *smilxwōn etc.

Meaning: a plant

IE etymology: IE etymology

Norwegian: smele, smile, dial. smelve, smülve 'Aira flea, flexuosa'

Middle High German: smɛlehe, smēle wk. f. 'schmiele, eine grasart' { smelwe } 'dünnes Gras, Aira'

German: { Schmiele }

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *bolV

Meaning: leaf

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *bhol[e]-; *bhlē-dh-; *bhlō(w)-

Kartvelian: *bal-

Dravidian: *vIḷ-aj-

Eskimo-Aleut: *pǝɫu- ?

References: МССНЯ 347, ОСНЯ 1, 181-182, ND 201 *baL(h)V (Drav. differently).

Kartvelian etymology :

Proto-Kartvelian: *bal-

Nostratic: Nostratic

Russian meaning: лист

English meaning: leaf

Svan: bale

Notes and references: В МССHЯ 347 данный корень сравнивается с ПИЕ *bhel- 'лист, цвести', драв. *polV 'цвести, созревать'.

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *vIḷ-aj-

Meaning : to thrive; to grow

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *vIḷ-ai-

Proto-Telugu : *vel-aj-

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *vIḷ-ai-

Meaning : to produce; to ripen; crop

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : viḷai (-v-, -nt-)

Tamil meaning : to be produced, be productive, result, mature, ripen (as grain), occur

Tamil derivates : (-pp-, -tt-) to raise, cause to grow, produce, bring into being; n. growth, ripening, produce, crop, yield; viḷaiccal produce, crop, yield, ripening grain, growth, ripening; viḷaiyuḷ produce, crop, maturing; viḷaivi (-pp-, -tt-) to cause to grow, cultivate; viḷaivu growth, ripening, maturity, produce, crop, yield; viḷar fertility

Malayalam : viḷa

Malayalam meaning : vegetation, crop of corn growing

Malayalam derivates : viḷayuka to grow, grow ripe, grow richly or to perfection, produce; viḷayikka to cause to grow, cultivate; viḷaccal produce of corn, etc., corn grown ripe; viḷavu id., perfection

Kannada : beḷe

Kannada meaning : to grow as corn, grass, or trees, increase; bear a crop; n. growing, growth, produce, crop, standing corn, what is to grow, seed, seedlings

Kannada derivates : beḷayisu, beḷasu, beḷeyisu, beḷesu to cause to grow, increase, raise (crop), bring to maturity, rear, foster; beḷeyuvike growing; beḷasu growth, increase, crop of standing corn

Kodagu : boḷe- (boḷev-, boḷand-)

Kodagu meaning : to become full-grown (people, animals, fruit)

Kodagu derivates : boḷat- (boḷati-) to grow (tr.; plants); boḷe crop

Tulu : bulè, buḷè

Tulu meaning : standing, growing corn, crop

Tulu derivates : buleti, buḷeti full-grown, ripe; bulepini, buḷepini, buḷepuni, buḷeyuni, buḷevuni, boḷepuni to grow, ripen, be ripe; buḷepuḍuni, buḷepāvuni to make grow, rear, raise as a crop, etc.; boḷaccelụ ripening

Proto-Nilgiri : *vIḷ-äv-

Miscellaneous : KOR (O) boli to grow; bole crop

Number in DED : 5437

Nilgiri etymology :

Proto-Nilgiri : *vIḷ-äv-

Meaning : to grow fat

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : veḷv- (veḷd-) "to grow, become fat, (grain) ripens"

Toda : peɫ̣- (peɫ̣ɵ-) "(food plants) grow, (persons) grow fat"

Additional forms : Also Kota veḷv- (veḷt-) to cause to grow; veḷ crop; Toda peɫ̣- (peɫ̣t-) to grow (tr.); peḷ, peɫ̣ crop

Notes : Deriv. *veḷ-ä 'crop'.

Number in DED : 5437

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *vel-aj-

Meaning : to thrive, prevail

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu (Krishnamurti) : velayu

Additional forms : Also belayu 'to spread', (K also) 'to increase'

Notes : The form with b- probably borrowed from Kannada.

Number in DED : 5437

Eskimo etymology :

Proto-Eskimo: *pǝɫu-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: leaf

Russian meaning: лист

Proto-Yupik: *pǝɫu-

Proto-Inupik: *pIlu-

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 255

Yupik etymology :

Proto-Yupik: *pǝɫu-

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: leaf

Russian Meaning: лист

Chaplino: pǝɫúmǝχtaq (t) 'dish of shredded sour greens with grease or deer fat'

Alutiiq Alaskan Yupik: pǝɫuq

Chugach (Birket-Smith): pɫūt pl. 'polypody'

Central Alaskan Yupik: pǝɫukutaq, pǝɫuqutaq 'leaf of coltsfoot plant'

Nunivak (Peripheral): pǝɫuqutaq

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 255

Inupik etymology :

Proto-Inupik: *pIlu-

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: leaf 1, bilberry shrub 2

Russian meaning: лист 1, куст черники 2

WCI Dialects: Car piluqut [Ras.] 1

Greenlandic Inupik: pilu 1, piluqut 2

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 255

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : PVLV

Meaning : leaf

Eurasiatic : *bolV

Afroasiatic : *ʕabül-

Reference : ND 201 (in SH confused with *ball- 'feather').

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ʕabVl-

Meaning: leaf, grass

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Semitic: *ʕVbil- 'fall (of leafs)'

Western Chadic: *bul-

Central Chadic: *HVbul-

East Chadic: *bil-

Low East Cushitic: *baHal- 'leaf'

Semitic etymology :

Number: 749

Proto-Semitic: *ʕVbil-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'fall (of leaves)'

Arabic: ʕbl [-i-]

Notes: Denominative verb

West Chadic etymology :

Proto-WChadic: *bul-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'flower' 1, 'grass' 2

Dera=Kanakuru: bǝ́lài 1 [NmK]

Kulere: bùl 2 ??? not in JgR

Central Chadic etymology :

Proto-CChadic: *HVbul-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'leaf'

Dghwede=Zǝɣwana: ḅule [KrN 133]

East Chadic etymology :

Proto-EChadic: *bVl-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'flower'

Kwang: bǝ̄lé [CLR: 146]

Low East Cushitic etymology :

Proto-Low East Cushitic: *baHal-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'leaf'

Oromo (Galla): baala

Arbore: baal

Notes: Metathesis and assimilation of vowels

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