Indo-European etymology : List with all references

Proto-IE: *(s)kewǝ- (-kh-)

Meaning: dark

Armenian: xavar `dunkel'

Baltic: *skum̃- vb. intr.

Germanic: *skiw-ja- n., *skuww-án- m., -ṓn- f.; *skū-m=, *sku-m=, *xū-m-a- n., *xū-m-an- m., *xum=

Latin: obs(-)cūrus, -a `dunkel'

Russ. meaning: темный

References: WP II 546 f

Baltic etymology :

Proto-Baltic: *skum̃- vb. intr.

Meaning: sad

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Lettish: skùmt (/ skum̃t PS., Wolm.) (skumstu, skumu) `traurig, betrübt sein'

Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *skiwja-n, *skuwwḗn, -oū́n; *skūm=, *skum=, *xūma-n, *xūmēn, *xum=

Meaning: shadow, darkness

IE etymology: IE etymology

Gothic: *skuggʷa m. (n) `mirror'

Old Norse: skuggi m. `Schatten; Spiegelbild; Spuk'; sküggja, sküggva wk. `beschatten; polieren'; skugg-sjā f. `Spiegel'; skūma wk. `finster werden'; skūm-r m. `unfreundlicher Mann'; skūmi m. `Dämmerung'; hūm n. `Halbdunkel, Dämmerung'

Norwegian: skugge; skügja vb.; skuma vb.; dial. skum `Halbdunkel'; hŭm `dunkler Himmel'

Old Swedish: hūme `undeutliche Erscheinung'

Swedish: skugga sbs., vb.; skümma vb.; skum `Halbdunkel'

Danish: skügge vb.

Old English: scūa, scuwa `Schatten, Dunkel, Schirm' ; scīo `wolk'

Old Saxon: scio `wolk'

Middle Low German: schummer `Dämmerung'

Old High German: { scuwo, scū m. `Schatten' }