Change viewing parameters
Select another database

Indo-European etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-IE: *ghab-, *ghabh- / -e-
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Meaning: to take, to give, to move
Old Indian: gábhasti- m. 'arm, hand'
Slavic: *gābātī, *gābnǭti
Baltic: *gab-u- adj., *gab-an-ā̂ f.,, -al-a- c.; *gāb-u- adj., *gō̃b- vb. tr., *gē̂b- vb. tr.
Germanic: *gib-a- vb., *gab-ī(n-) f., *gab-īg-a- adj., *gab-ug-a- adj.; *gēb-i- adj.; *gēb-ō(n-) f.; *gib-ō f.; *gif-t-i- c.
Latin: habeo, -ēre, -uī, -itum `halten, haben', habitāre `wohnen, bewohnen'; habēna `Haltriemen, Zügel'
Other Italic: Osk haf<íar> `habeātur', hafiest `habēbit', pf. conj. hipit, fut. ex. hipust `habuerit'; Umbr habe `habet', habia `habeat', habitu, habetu `habētō', haburent `cēperint', habiest `habēbit', neiřhabas `nē adhibeant', hahtu `capitō', subahtu `dēpōnitō', eitipes `dēcrēvērunt'
Celtic: OIrl gaibim `nehme, ertgreife, halte etc.', gabāl f. `das Nehmen'; Cymr gafael `das Halten, Festhalten'; cafael, caffel `erlangen, bekommen, finden'; Corn cavel `erlangen, bekommen, finden'; OBret an-gabol `defaut de prise de possession'; Bret kaout `erlangen, bekommen, finden', kafout `haben'
Russ. meaning: брать, хватать
References: WP I 342 f
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-ital,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,

Search within this database


Baltic etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Baltic: *gab-u- adj., *gab-an-ā̂ f.,, -al-a- c.; *gāb-u- adj., *gō̃b- vb. tr., *gē̂b- vb. tr.
Meaning: take, seize
Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology
Lithuanian: gabanà (gãbana) 'Armvoll, Heuhaufen', gãbala-s 'Stück, Klumpen', gabijà 'von der Hand verfertigte Wachskerze, (Arm)leuchter, Heiligtum, Tempel', gãba-s, gãbšta-s 'habsüchtiger Mensch'; gabénti `fördern, transportieren, herbei-, fortschaffen', gebḗti 'pflegen, gewohnt sein, vermögen, imstande-, fähig sein', gebù- 'fleissig, begabt, fähig, tauglich'; sugèbti, sugebḗti 'fähig sein, verstehen'; gōbù- 'habgierig, habsüchtig', gṓbti `überdecken, einhüllen, einmummen', ostlith. guõbti 'zusammenraffen, zusammenscharren'; gṓbti-s `nach etwas streben, sich zu jmd., etwas hingezogen fühlen'; gōbtũra-s, gōbtùva-s 'Rauchkappe am Herde, Lampenschirm, weibliche Kopfbedeckung' (Jušk.)
Lettish: gabana, gabans 'Armvoll; Heuhaufen'; gãbik̨is, gãbšis 'Habgieriger, Missgünstiger, Nimmersatt'; gabals 'Stück, Klumpen'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,

Search within this database


Germanic etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Germanic: *giban- vb., *gabī, *gabīga-, *gabuga-; *gēbia-; *gēbō(n); *gibō; *gifti-z
Meaning: give
IE etymology: IE etymology
Gothic: giban f. `give'; gabī f. (n) `riches'; *fra-gift-s f. (i) `presentation, betrothal'
Old Norse: gefa st. `geben; erlauben, bestimmen'; gjɔf f. `Gabe'; gɔfga wk. `verehren; anbeten; schmücken'; gɔfug-r `stattlich, vornehm', -gǟf-r `gut, tüchtig; milde; angenehm', gǟfa f. `Glück'
Norwegian: giva vb.; gjäv `freigebig, wertvoll'; gjäv sbs.
Old Swedish: Run. 3 prt. gAf; giäf sbs.
Swedish: gäv `gültig, gut, geehrt'; giva vb.
Old Danish: Run. 1 prs. gißu; gäv sbs.
Danish: give vb.; gjäv `gültig, gut, geehrt'
Old English: giefan; giefu, gifu
English: give
Old Frisian: jeva
Old Saxon: gevan `geben'; geva
Middle Dutch: ghēven; gāve f.
Dutch: geven; gave f.
Old Franconian: gevan
Middle Low German: gēven; gāve
Old High German: geban `geben' (8.Jh.); geba `Gabe'
Middle High German: gëben wk 'geschenke machen; geschenke'; gǟbe `annehmbar, willkommen, lieb, gut'; gābe st. f. 'gabe, geschenk; bestechung; übergabe'; gëbe, gibe st. f. 'gabe, geschenk, belohnung; wohlstatt, gnade'
German: geben, Gabe f.
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-got,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-oswed,germet-swed,germet-odan,germet-dan,germet-oengl,germet-engl,germet-ofris,germet-osax,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-olfrank,germet-mlg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,

Search within this database


Pokorny's dictionary :

Search within this database
Number: 605
Root: ghabh-
English meaning: to grab, take
German meaning: `fassen, nehmen'
General comments: mit ē-Formans durativ `haben, festhalten an', könnte Schallwurzel (Nachahmung des Schnapplautes) sein, was den häufigen Zusammenfall mit den gleichbedeutenden Wurzeln qagh- und qap- erklären würde (vgl. auch Vendryes MSL. 18, 310); andrerseits setzen EM2 150 für qap- (also auch für ghabh-) einen Vokalismus ē : ō : ǝ an (dagegen Reichelt KZ. 46, 339, WP. I 344, WH. I 159), so daß unsere Wurzel als ghǝbh- anzusetzen und ai. gábhasti-ḥ `Hand' dann fernzuhalten wäre.
Material: Ai. gábhasti-ḥ m. `Vorderarm, Hand';

    lat. habeō, -ēre `halte, besitze, habe', usw.; dēbeō `schulde, muß' (*-habeō), praebeō `reiche dar' (älter prae-hibeō = umbr. pre-habia, pre-hubia `praebeat'), habē- f. `Haltriemen, Zügel', habilis `handlich, tauglich', usw.;

    osk. i̯o-Flexion: haf[íar] `habeatur', hafiest `habēbit' (*ghabh-), dazu Präter. St. hip- (*ghēp-, wohl durch Einfluß von lat. capiō : cēpī; anders EM2 442) im Konj. Perf. hipid, Fut. exakt. hipust `habuerit';

    umbr. habe `habet', Imper. habitu, habetu `habētō' (*habē-) neben habiest `habēbit' (*habi̯ō) und sub-ahtu, subotu `dimittito' (*sub-habĭ-tōd), usw.; zum umbr. -b- vgl. Devoto, Tabulae Iguvinae 172 ff., v. Blumenthal, Iguv. Taf. 662;

    air. gaibid `nimmt, ergreift usw.', später auch `bekommt' (*ghab(h)-i-ti), Verbalnomen gabal f. (kelt. *gabaglā, der Ausgang wohl von *kaglā, cymr. cael `das Erlangen' bezogen; s. unter qagh- `fassen') `das Nehmen' = cymr. gafael `das Festhalten' (f = v), corn. gavel f. `das Halten, Ergreifen', abret. an-gabol `saisie, reprise'; sonst meist im Brit. anlautendes k (von qagh- bezogen): mcymr. und cymr. caffael `das Erlangen' (neben cael, s. oben); das ff stammt aus dem s-Konjunktiv (v + h > f); mit anderem Suffix corn. caf(f)os, cafes, mbret. caf(f)out, bret. kavout `haben';

    über auffallende Übereinstimmungen der ir. Komposita mit gaib- mit den lat. Zusammensetzungen von habēre s. Pedersen KG. II 532;

    hierher auch gallorom. *gabella `Garbe, Holzbündel' aus gall. *gabaglā;

    got. gabei f. `Reichtum' (*ghabhī), gab(e)igs `reich' (*ghabhīko-), ahd. kepi f. `Reichtum', kepic `reich', ags. giefig, aisl. gǫfugr ds.; gǣfa f. `Glück', gǣfr `freigebig, angenehm, dienlich' (germ. *gēbiz), mhd. gæbe ds., nhd. `gang und gäbe'; dazu auch der germ. MatronennameAla-gabiae `die Allgebenden', GN Fria-gabis `liebe Geberin'; über den GN Garman-gabis s. Gutenbrunner Germ. Götternamen 90 ff.; got. PN Gaf-ildo, ahd. Gab-ward;

    germ. Neuschöpfung (als Ersatz für - `geben') ist got. giban (Präter. gaf, Pl. gebum), aisl. gefa (urnord. 1. Sg. Präs. gifu, 3. Sg. Präter. gaf), ags. giefan, ahd. geban usw. `geben'; got. giba f., aisl. gjǫf, ags. giefu, ahd. geba f. `Gabe'; nach Kretschmer Gl. 19, 208 stammt der Vokal des germ. *ʒeƀan vom gegensätzlichen neman `nehmen'; ahd. PN Gibicho, aisl. Gjūki;

    germ. *kaƀisi̯ō f. in ags. cefes, cyfes `Magd, Konkubine', ahd. kebisa `Kebse', neben anord. kefser m. `Gefangener', wird (unsicher) auf eine idg. Nebenform *gabh- zurückgeführt;

    lit. gãbana, gabanà f. `Armvoll (Heu)'; daneben gabenù, gabénti `fortbringen', Präter. dial. at-gė́bau `habe hergebracht' (vgl. lat. capiō: cēpi), gabùs `begabt', gebù, gebė́ti `imstande sein, gewohnt sein'; mit ō: gobùs `gierig', gõbis m. `Gier', dial. guõbti `zusammenraffen', usw.;

    slav. (ursprüngl. Iterativum) *gabajǫ, *gabati in poln. gabać `angreifen, ergreifen', wruss. habáć `nehmen, ergreifen', usw.; aksl. gobino `Fülle', gobьzь `reichlich' sind germ. Lw. Über den expressiven Charakter des ch- in russ. chábitь `an sich reißen', chopítь `greifen, fassen' usw. s. Machek Slavia 16, 178, 208 ff.

References: WP. I 344 f., WH. I 158 ff., 630 f., Trautmann 74, Feist 175 f., 214.
Pages: 407-409
PIE database: PIE database
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-comments,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,

Search within this database


Nostratic etymology :

Search within this database
Eurasiatic: *wärV
Meaning: to make
Borean: Borean
Indo-European: *werǵ- / *wreǵ- (Pok. 1168-1169)
Altaic: *ū́ŕV
Uralic: *wärV 'to make' (Coll. 139)
Dravidian: *vaṛ-
References: МССНЯ 339; ND 2511 *wäR[i] 'to make, do' (Ur. + dub. Alt.); 2527 *woRke 'to make' - a confusion with *wVŕV (+ Arab. wrk-).
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-drav,nostret-reference,

Search within this database


Altaic etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Altaic: *ū́ŕV
Nostratic: Nostratic
Meaning: craftsman
Russian meaning: мастер, ремесленник
Turkic: *ūŕ
Mongolian: *uran
Comments: Poppe 102. A Turk.-Mong. isogloss, but, despite TMN 2, 145, not Turk. > Mong. (-ŕ is not a suffix here!).
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-reference,

Search within this database


Turkic etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Turkic: *ūŕ
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: master, craftsman
Russian meaning: мастер
Old Turkic: uz (Orkh., OUygh.)
Karakhanid: uz (MK)
Turkish: uz
Middle Turkic: uz (Pav. C.)
Uighur: us
Turkmen: ūz
Khakassian: us
Shor: us
Oyrat: us
Yakut: ūs
Dolgan: ūs
Tuva: us
Kirghiz: uz
Gagauz: uz
Comments: EDT 277, ЭСТЯ 1, 569-570, Stachowski 248.
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-chg,turcet-uig,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-krg,turcet-gagx,turcet-reference,

Search within this database


Mongolian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Mongolian: *uran
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: craftsman, art
Russian meaning: мастер, ремесленник, искусство
Written Mongolian: ura(n) (L 879)
Middle Mongolian: uran (HY 27), uran 'craft' (IM)
Khalkha: ur(an)
Buriat: uran
Kalmuck: urṇ (КРС)
Ordos: uran
Dongxian: uran
Dagur: waran (Тод. Даг. 129), uran (Тод. Даг. 171)
Shary-Yoghur: uran
Monguor: uran (SM 473)
Comments: MGCD 677.
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dun,monget-dag,monget-yuy,monget-mgr,monget-reference,

Search within this database


Dravidian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Dravidian : *vaẓ-
Meaning : to act; action; manner; movement
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Proto-South Dravidian: *vaẓ-
Proto-Telugu : *vaḍ-
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,

Search within this database


South Dravidian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-South Dravidian : *vaẓ-
Meaning : to move; to act
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Tamil : vaẓaŋku (vaẓaŋki-)
Tamil meaning : to move, proceed, advance, be current or in use, be accustomed, practised; use, practise; give, distribute, cause to move, send, discharge, speak, utter
Tamil derivates : vaẓakkam usage, practice, habit, custom; giving, gift; vaẓakku moving, passing to and fro, usage, custom, way, method, justice, litigation, dispute; bounty; vaẓakku (vaẓakki-) to cause to go; (Devanesan) vaẓamai custom
Malayalam : vaẓaŋŋuka
Malayalam meaning : to grant a favour
Malayalam derivates : vaẓakku lawsuit, quarrel, grudge
Kannada : baẓake, baẓike
Kannada meaning : course, way of action, plan, contrivance, use, custom, practice, exercise, state of being well-known or understood by practice, conversancy with, intimate or frequent converse or association, familiarity, familiar intercourse
Kannada derivates : baẓasu, baẓisu to use, spend as time, etc.
Tulu : baḷasuni
Tulu meaning : to serve out food, use, have in common use
Tulu derivates : baḷikè familiarity, acquaintance, intimacy, common use; common, familiar, usual
Proto-Nilgiri : *vaḶ-
Miscellaneous : KOR (O) balasɨ, (T) baḷci to serve out food
Number in DED : 5292
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-tulder,sdret-kt,sdret-misc,sdret-dednum,

Search within this database


Nilgiri etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Nilgiri : *vaḶ-
Meaning : life; custom
South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology
Kota : vaḷc- (vaḷc-) "to use (pots, vessels, plates, etc.)"
Toda : poḷc- (poḷč-) "to live, be alive, get on in life (or with 5372)"
Additional forms : Also Kota vaḷkm (obl. vaḷkt-) usual practice, custom; Toda poḷp way of living, means of livelihood (or with 5372)
Number in DED : 5292
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-toda,ktet-addition,ktet-dednum,

Search within this database


Telugu etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Telugu : *vaḍ-
Meaning : manner, mode, way
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Telugu : vaḍugu
Dialectal forms (1) : vaḍuvu
Number in DED : 5292
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-tel_2,telet-dednum,

Search within this database


Long-range etymologies :

Search within this database
Borean (approx.) : WVRV
Meaning : to make
Eurasiatic : *wärV
Afroasiatic : *wVr- (Eg., Cush., Omot.)
Sino-Caucasian : *=ăhwV(r) ?
Reference : МССНЯ 339; ND 2511.
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-reference,

Search within this database


Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *=ăhwV
Meaning: to do
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
North Caucasian: *=ăhwV(r)
Sino-Tibetan: *qʷ[i]ăj ( ~ *ʔʷ-)
Yenisseian: *wV̄ǯ- (~*b-)
Comments and references : HGC 37.
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-notes,

Search within this database


North Caucasian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-North Caucasian: *=ăhwV(r)
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: to do
Proto-Nakh: *=a-
Proto-Avaro-Andian: *-ih-
Proto-Tsezian: *=Vw-
Proto-Lak: =a-
Proto-Dargwa: *0/-i-r-
Proto-Lezghian: *ʔaʔa(r)-
Proto-Khinalug: =ar
Proto-West Caucasian: *wǝ
Notes: A widely spread common NC verb with a laryngeal root consonant. The final -r was regularly lost in most subgroups, but is preserved in the Eastern area (Darg., Lezg., Khin.); cf. also HU: Urart. u/or- 'to make, to work', ur-iš(i)χǝ 'instrument' (see Diakonoff-Starostin 1986, 63). The root demonstrates the Ablaut *a/i.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-khin,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,

Search within this database


Nakh etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Nakh: *=a-
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: to do, to make, to give birth
Chechen: =a-n
Ingush: =e
Batsbi: =a-r
Comments: A "rootless" verb (because of the loss of original laryngeal consonant) with vocalic alternations (cf. Chech. =a-n, pres. =o, Ing. =e, pres. =u etc.).
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,

Search within this database


Avar-Andian etymology :

Search within this database
Protoform: *-ih-
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: to do, to make
Avar: ha=í-
Chadakolob: hubú-
Andian language: ih-
Akhvakh: g-u-
Chamalal: ih-
Tindi: ih-
Karata: g-ah-
Godoberi: ĩh-
Comments: Cf. also Kar. Tok. g-ih-. Av. reflects stem II (*hV-); Andian languages - stem I (*ʔih-, sometimes with a preverb *g-). In Akhvakh the root consonant was regularly lost (g-u-r-uƛa < *g-ih-ur-uƛa).

    The same stem with changing class prefixes is used in Av.-Andian languages to denote 'to become; to be(come) able': cf. Av. =eh- 'to be(come) possible', Chad. =eh- 'to become; to be able', And. =hi-l-d- 'to be able', Cham. =ehi-d-, Tind. =eh-, Kar. g-ijṼ- (Tok. g-ĩh-) id.

aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-and,aandet-akv,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-krt,aandet-gdb,aandet-comment,

Search within this database


Tsezian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Tsezian: *=Vw-
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: to do, to make
Tsezi: =o-d-
Ginukh: =uw-
Khvarshi: =uw-
Inkhokvari: =ij-
Bezhta: =ow- (Tlad.)
Gunzib: =uw
Comments: PTsKh *-Vw- (with secondary -j- in Inkh.; -d- in Tsez. is a frequentative suffix); PGB *-Vw-. The root vowel is hard to reconstruct because of the influence of -w- and Ablaut.
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-cez,cezet-gin,cezet-khv,cezet-inh,cezet-bzt,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,

Search within this database


Lak etymology :

Search within this database
Lak root: =a-
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: to do, to make
Lak form: =a-n
Comments: G. pr. =u=nu. In Khosr., besides =a-n, a variant =uwa-n is also attested.
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,

Search within this database


Dargwa etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Dargwa: *0/=i-r-
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: to be done, to become
Akusha: =ir-es
Comments: Cf. also Ur. =-i-s / =ir-i-s id. (with zero root because of the loss of original root laryngeal).
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-comment,

Search within this database


Lezghian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Lezghian: *ʔaʔa(r)-
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: to do, to make
Lezghian: iji-
Tabasaran: aṗ-
Rutul: =aʔa-
Tsakhur: h-aʔa- / h-ā-
Kryz: je-r-
Budukh: si=ʔi-r-
Archi: a=a-
Udi: be-s, be-sun
Comment: Cf. also Lezg. pret. awu-na, Rut. pres. =ɨʔɨ-r ( < =iʔɨ-r). The root demonstrates the Ablaut *a/*i (besides Lezg. iji-, Rut. =ɨʔɨ- cf. also Tab. Düb. dur. iṗu-r-). Tab. -ṗ- is a result of cohesion (class marker -b- + the root laryngeal -ʔ-).

    In Ag. the general word for 'do, make' is aq̇a-s (see *ʔaq̇a-). It seems possible, however, to derive from PL *ʔaʔa(r)- the Ag. (Rich.) word for 'to put through', q-uf- ( < *q-V-p-ʔ-): cf. Ag. Bursh. q-arq̇a- (from the root *ʔaq̇a-), Tab. q-aṗ- 'to put through'.

    The Shakhdagh data speak strongly in favour of the original *-r-conjugation, although the reasons for loss of -r- in Tsakhur (which usually preserves it well) are not clear.

lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-krz,lezget-bud,lezget-arc,lezget-udi,lezget-comment,

Search within this database


Khinalug etymology :

Search within this database
Khinalug root: =a-(r)
North Caucasian etymology: 1826
Meaning: to become
Khinalug form: =ar
Comments: The stem is used only in imperative (h-ar, s-ar, f-ar).
khinet-prnum,khinet-meaning,khinet-khi,khinet-comment,

Search within this database


Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-West-Caucasian: *wǝ
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: to do, to make
Abkhaz: a-w-rá
Adyghe: wǝ-
Kabardian: wǝ-
Ubykh: w(ǝ)-
Comments: In PAK (*wǝ-) and Ub. the root is used as a verbal prefix or first part in verbal compounds meaning 'to do, to make'. Cf. also nominal compounds: Ub. šʷǝ-wá 'deed, thing', PAT *wǝ-sǝ (Abkh. a-wǝ́s, Abaz. wǝs) id.
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-abk,abadet-adg,abadet-kab,abadet-ubk,abadet-comment,

Search within this database


Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *qʷ[i]ăj ( ~ *ʔʷ-)
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: make; divide, distribute
Chinese: *waj make, do, act.
Tibetan: bgjid (p. bgjis, f. bgji, i. gjis) to make, to manufacture; to do, to act, bgji-ba action, deed; (?) ji-n 'to be'.
Burmese: wij to divide, to distribute.
Kiranti: *ha(s) (?)
Comments: ? Cf. PAN *gawaj ~ *gawa[h] 'to work' ( < ST, cf. Peiros 1998, 222>).
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,stibet-kir,stibet-comments,

Search within this database


Chinese characters :

Search within this database
Character:
Modern (Beijing) reading: wéi wèi
Preclassic Old Chinese: waj
Classic Old Chinese: waj
Western Han Chinese: waj
Eastern Han Chinese: we
Early Postclassic Chinese: we
Middle Postclassic Chinese: we
Late Postclassic Chinese: we
Middle Chinese: we
English meaning : to act as, be; make, do
Russian meaning[s]: 1) делать; производить; 2) делаться, становиться, быть, являться; глагольная связка есть, это; 3) полагать, считать; 4) после сказуемого или дополнения: в качестве; часто не переводится совсем, последующее дополнение ставится в творительном падеже; 5) сфабриковать, подделать; 6) излечить, вылечить; 7) древн. заставить, побудить, вм. 使; 8) древн. если; 9) древн. выделяет сказуемое, вм. 而; 10) древн. только, вм. 惟; 11) Вэй (фамилия); [wèi] 1) помогать; 2) говорить, вм. 謂; 3) в будущем; вот-вот, вм. 將; 4) ради, для, за; 5) по причине, из-за; в целях; 6) в пассивных построениях, вспомогательный глагол быть; 7) древн. вводит косвенное дополнение, переводимое дательным падежом
Shuowen gloss: 母猴也.其為禽好爪.下腹為母猴形.王育曰.爪象形也.古文為.象兩母猴相對形. [113]
Comments: An *-s-derivate from the word is OC *waj-s, MC wè (FQ 于偽), Pek. wèi 'for, on behalf', Viet. vì, vị. For initial *w- cf. Min forms: MC we - Xiamen, Chaozhou, Fuzhou ui2; MC wè - Xiamen ui6, Fuzhou oi6, Jianou üɛ6.

    Shuowen defines the character as "female monkey". Although this word is not attested in literature, it may be compared to PST *qʷăj reflected in Kach. (D) woi 'monkey'; Moshang vi-sil; Rawang ǝwɛ; Trung a-koi; Kadu kwe id. (STC No 314 *(b)woy; dubious are Mikir ki-pi and Miri si-be).

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology
Dialectal data: Dialectal data
Radical: 86
Four-angle index: 4417
Karlgren code: 0027 a-e
Vietnamese reading: vi
Shijing occurrences: 2.2, 35.5, 36.1, 36.2, 40.1_, 40.2_, 40.3_, 42.3, 49.1, 49.2, 52.1_, 55.3, 58.1, 58.5
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-shuowen,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-viet,bigchina-shijing,

Search within this database


Chinese Dialects :

Search within this database
Number: 793
Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology
Character:
MC description : A: 止合三平支云; B: 止合三去寘云
ZIHUI: A: 3634 1246; B: 3634 1258
Beijing: A: uei 12; B: uei 3
Jinan: A: uei 12; B: uei 3
Xi'an: A: uei 12; B: uei 3
Taiyuan: A: vei 1; B: vei 3
Hankou: A: uei 12; B: uei 3
Chengdu: A: uei 12; B: uei 3
Yangzhou: A: uǝi 12; B: uǝi 3
Suzhou: A: ue_ 12; B: ɦue_ 32
Wenzhou: A: vu 12; B: vu 32
Changsha: A: uei 12; B: uei 12
Shuangfeng: A: ui 12; B: ui 31
Nanchang: A: ui 12; B: ui 32
Meixian: A: vi 12; B: vi 3
Guangzhou: A: ; B:
Xiamen: A: ui 12; B: ui 32
Chaozhou: A: ui 12; B: ui 12
Fuzhou: A: uei 12; B: uei 32
Shanghai: A: ue_ 32; B: ue_ 32
Zhongyuan yinyun: A: uei 12; B: uei 12
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,

Search within this database


Kiranti etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Kiranti: *ha(s)
Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology
Meaning: to distribute
Limbu: hāmaʔ, -hās-/-hā-
Kulung: hama
Yamphu: ha:ma
kiret-prnum,kiret-meaning,kiret-lim,kiret-kul,kiret-yam,

Search within this database


Limbu dictionary :

Search within this database
Entry: ha:maʔ, -ha:s-/-ha:-
Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology
Grammar: vt.
Meaning: apportion, share, distribute something
Comments: ma:ki yummaʔl ha:suN-pi:ruNsiN I apportioned the maize and vegetables; kɔN yummaʔl kɛha:-bɛ-n e:n na (this vegetables AP-apportion-AP- -ABS who EMPH) Who is this guy distributing the vegetables?; cf. ha:tmaʔ, phɔ:Nmaʔ.
limet-prnum,limet-pspeech,limet-meaning,limet-comments,

Search within this database


Kulung dictionary :

Search within this database
Entry: hama
Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology
Grammar: vt-2 [1: has- 2: ha-]
Meaning: distribute
Nepali: bāṃḍnu.
kulet-prnum,kulet-pspeech,kulet-meaning,kulet-nepali,

Search within this database


Yamphu dictionary :

Search within this database
Entry: ha:ma II
Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology
Stem: <ha:s- ; ha:->
Grammar: v.tr.
Meaning: to divide, to make portions of something (patient is the object to be divided; needs the dative auxiliary -pexma (DAT) as auxiliary to express the benefiting person as patient)
Comments: ha:ʔokma to pull or bend open, to pull apart; ha:.ʔog.u.ŋ. (divide.open.о3.EXAG) I bent it open.
Nepali: bāḍnu
yamet-prnum,yamet-stem,yamet-pspeech,yamet-meaning,yamet-comments,yamet-nepali,

Search within this database


Yenisseian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Yenisseian: *wV̄ǯ- (~*b-)
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: to do, make
Ket: bɛ:ŕi4 (Kur.); Bak., Sur. bɛ:dǝ4; South. bɛŕ4
Yug: bɛ:ht́
Kottish: ba-paj-aŋ
Arin: ša-pi-te (Лоск.) "I make"
Comments: ССЕ 295. Werner 1, 115 <*bɛʔǝd'ǝ>.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-kot,yenet-ari,yenet-notes,

Search within this database

Select another database
Change viewing parameters
Total pages generatedPages generated by this script
6099441421515
Help
StarLing database serverPowered byCGI scripts
Copyright 1998-2003 by S. StarostinCopyright 1998-2003 by G. Bronnikov
Copyright 2005-2014 by Phil Krylov