Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *eig'-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: ice-floe, icicle

Hittite: eka- n. 'Eis?', ekuna-, ikuna- 'kalt' (Tischler 103, 105)

Slavic: [ *jьkrā `льдина' - с глухим под влиянием прочих "икр" ? ]

Baltic: *eĩǯ-iā̃, *eĩǯ-ia- c., *iǯ-ā̂ f., *iǯ-a- c.

Germanic: *jik-an- m., *jik-il-a-, -ul-a- m.

Celtic: MIr aig, gen. ega f. `Eis'; Cymr iā m. `Eis', iaen `glacicula'; OCorn iey gl. `glaties', iein gl. `frigus'; MCorn yeyn, yen `kalt'; Bret ien `kalt'

Russ. meaning: льдина, сосулька

References: WP I 206

Vasmer's dictionary :

Baltic etymology :

Proto-Baltic: *eĩǯ-iā̃, *eĩǯ-ia- c., *iǯ-ā̂ f., *iǯ-a- c.

Meaning: icicle

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Lithuanian: ižà, ìža-s `Eisscholle', pl. ìžōs `Grund-, Treibeis'

Lettish: ìeze² `Eisspalte', ìezis `Sandfels, felsenartige Sandlagerung, besonders an Flussufern, Gestein'

Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *jikēn, *jikila-z, -ula-z

Meaning: icicle

IE etymology: IE etymology

Old Norse: jaki m. `Eiszapfen, -stück', jɔkull m. `Eis, Gletscher'

Norwegian: jökel; dial. jak(e); jökul, jukul

Old Swedish: ikil

Swedish: jökel

Old Danish: egle `Eiszapfen'

Old English: gicel, -es m. `icicle'

English: icicle (< īses gicel)

Middle Low German: OLG ichilla `stiria'

Low German: īs-jack, īs-hekel, jäkel `Eiszapfen'

Old High German: ichil `stiria'

German: schweiz. jäch `Reif, gedrorener Tau auf Bäumen', gicht (= gejicht)

Pokorny's dictionary :

Number: 773

Root: i̯eg-

English meaning: ice

German meaning: `Eis'

General comments: nur germ. und kelt.

Material: Altnord. jaki m. (*ekan- < *jekan-) `Eisstück', vgl. schweiz. jäch, gicht (= gejicht) `Reif, gefrorener Tau auf Bäumen'; demin. Bildung altnord. jǫkull m. `herabhängender Eiszapfen, Gletscher'; ags. gicel(a) m. `Eiszapfen, Eisscholle', engl. icicle = ags. īses gicel, anord. ichilla `stiria', ndd. īshekel, jäkel `Eiszapfen' (mnd. jokele ds. dürfte aus dem Nord. stammen); ahd. ihilla (= *jichilla) `stiria';

    mir. aig f. (Gen. ega) `Eis' (*i̯egi-s), cymr. iā m. ds., iaen (*i̯eginā) `glacicula', acorn. iey gl. glaties, iein gl. frigus, mcorn. yeyn, yen `kalt', br. ien `kalt'.

    Das a in mir. aig ist aus e vor palat. g entstanden, das a in den brit. Formen hingegen durch den Wandel von anlaut. je- zu ja- zu erklären; vgl. unter i̯et-;

    über hitt. e-ku-na-š `kalt' vgl. Pedersen Hitt. 171.

References: WP. I 206; Schweiz. Idiotikon II 112 f., 1120, III 5, IV 1010.

Pages: 503

PIE database: PIE database

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *ńVńkV

Meaning: ice, cold

Altaic: *ńi̯oŋe

Uralic: *jäŋe

Dravidian: *nān- [or to *ŋańV?]

Eskimo-Aleut: *nǝŋɫi-, *-ŋl-

References: МССНЯ 346; ND 2638 *yäŋ(g)E 'ice; to freeze' (Ur. + Turk. + incorr. Ko.).

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *ńi̯oŋe

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: cold

Russian meaning: холодный

Turkic: *jEŋ

Mongolian: *ǯiŋ-de-

Tungus-Manchu: *ńeŋde- / *ńuŋde-

Comments: A Western isogloss.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *jEŋ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: frazil

Russian meaning: шуга, наледь

Khakassian: neŋ

Oyrat: ńeŋ (dial.)

Tuva: čeŋ

Comments: VEWT 197 (if not < unattested South.-Sam.?)

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *ǯiŋ-de-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to suffer from cold

Russian meaning: страдать от холода

Written Mongolian: ǯiŋ-de- 3 (L 1057: ǯiŋgine-)

Khalkha: ǯindi-, ǯiŋgene- 3

Kalmuck: ǯiŋdǝ- (КРС)

Ordos: ǯiŋ 'frost'

Shary-Yoghur: ǯiŋgene-

Comments: MGCD 445.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *ńeŋde- / *ńuŋde-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 cold 2 clear, frosty (weather)

Russian meaning: 1 холодный 2 ясный, морозный

Evenki: ńeŋdelē 2

Ulcha: nụŋdụlị 1

Orok: nuŋduli 1

Nanai: noŋǯị-sị 1

Comments: ТМС 1, 653.

Uralic etymology :

Number: 173

Proto: *jäŋe

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: ice

German meaning: Eis

Finnish: jää 'Eis'

Estonian: jää

Saam (Lapp): jiegŋâ -ŋ- (N) 'ice; glacier', jiekŋa (L), jīññ (T Kld.), jieññ (Not.) 'Eis'

Mordovian: ej, ev, eŋ, ij (E), jäj, äj (M)

Mari (Cheremis): i (KB U), ij (B)

Udmurt (Votyak): je̮ (S G), d́ȯ (K)

Komi (Zyrian): ji̮ (S P), ji (Peč.), ju̇ (PO)

Khanty (Ostyak): jöŋk (V), jeŋk (DN), joŋk (O); jĕŋk (V Vj. Trj. DN), jĭŋk (Ni. Kaz.), jiŋk (O) 'Wasser'

Mansi (Vogul): ĺǟŋ (TJ), jɔ̄̈ŋk (KU), jāŋk (P So.)

Hungarian: jég (acc. jeget, dial. gyég' 'Eis, Hagel'

Proto-Samoyed: *jaŋ-ka

Sammalahti's version: *jäŋi

K. Reshetnikov's notes: The Sam. word still seems to belong here. It is not difficult at all to explain its meaning ('ice hole', although FU has only 'ice' (> 'water' and 'hail' in Ug.)), especially if we consider that it is a derivative. A real problem remaining unsolved is the back vowel of the first syllable in Sam. (a result of some specific process caused by the suffixation and/or by positional features?).

References: FUV; MUSz. 143; Donn. VglWb. 364; SKES; SzófSz.; MSzFgrE; TESz.; Paas. Beitr. 25-26; Collinder Comp. Gr. 64, 127, 390

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *nāl_- (*-n-)

Meaning : wet; cold

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *nāl_-

Proto-Telugu : *nān-

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *Nān-

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *nānd-

Proto-North Dravidian : *nānj-

Notes : Assimilation with initial n-? External data, however, points to an original *-n-.

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *nāl_-

Meaning : wet

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : nan_ai (-v-, -nt-)

Tamil meaning : to become wet, be moistened, soaked

Tamil derivates : (-pp-, -tt-) to wet, moisten, soak; nan_aivu wet, moisture, humidity; nan_-cey wet lands, wet cultivation; nāntu (nānti-) to become wet; nāntal cloudiness, cloudy weather, dampness

Malayalam : nana

Malayalam meaning : moisture, irrigation

Malayalam derivates : nanayuka to become wet, be moist, be soaked; nanaccal, nanappu, nanavu wetness; nanekka to wet, soak, irrigate; nāntuka to become wet

Kannada : nane, nene

Kannada meaning : to become wet, moist or soaked

Kannada derivates : nanasu, nenasu to make wet, moisten; naneha becoming wet, wetness, dampness; nān (nānd-) to get wet, moist, damp, soaked; nādu to moisten, wet, soak, steep, cool; nāndu to make damp, cool, etc., liquefy, dissolve, melt; (?) nār_u to moisten, wet; (Hav.) nāṇu to lose crispness; nāṇaṭe a cake that has lost its crispness

Kodagu : nele- (nelev-, neland-)

Kodagu meaning : (person) gets wet

Kodagu derivates : nelat- (nelati-) to wet (thing or person); nela- (nelap-, nelat-) to wash (clothes); (Shanmugam) nelap washing (clothes); nena to wet; nenap wetting

Tulu : naṇè

Tulu meaning : wet, moist

Tulu derivates : nanepini, nanepuni, naneyuni, nanevuni to be moist, wet, damp; naneri wet rice

Proto-Nilgiri : *nal_-/*nāl_-

Number in DED : 3630

Nilgiri etymology :

Proto-Nilgiri : *nā̆n-

Meaning : wet

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : nanv- (nand-) "to become wet so as to be softened"

Toda : nōl- (nōd_-) "to get wet in rain, (roof) leaks"

Additional forms : Also Kota nant- (nanty-) to wet thoroughly so as to soften; nān- (nānd_-) to become wet in rain; nānc- (nānc-) to make to be wetted; nāt- (nāty-) to make to become wet in rain; Toda nōt_- (nōt_y-) to make to get wet in rain

Notes : Toda -l- is irregular, but finds confirmation in Kod. nele. Thus, assimilation in Kota (and other SDR languages) is not excluded.

Number in DED : 3630

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *nān-

Meaning : to soak, be steeped

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : nānu

Additional forms : Also [1] nānucu, [2] nāncu to soak, steep; nānuḍu moist, wet, soaked, steeped; [1] nānupu, [2] nānpu soaking; vb. to bleach; nanja wet land, land cultivated by artificial irrigation

Number in DED : 3630

Kolami-Gadba etymology :

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *Nān-

Meaning : soaked

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kondekor Gadba : nān-ēr- "to be soaked"

Number in DED : 3630

Gondwan etymology :

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *nānd-

Meaning : to get wet

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Gondi : *nānd- (caus. *nāh-)

Gondi etymology :

Proto-Gondi : *nānd- (caus. *nāh-)

Meaning : to be or get wet

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Betul Gondi : nāndānā

Mandla Gondi (Williamson) : nāndānā

Mandla Gondi (Phailbus) : nāndānā

Seoni Gondi : nānd-

Koya Gondi : nānd-

Yeotmal Gondi : nān-

Maria Gondi (Mitchell) : nāndānā

Additional forms : Also caus. Gondi_Tr, Gondi_W, Gondi_Ph nāhtānā, Gondi_Tr nāndstānā, Gondi_A (SR) nāhānā to wet, soak; Gondi_Y, Gondi_G, Gondi_Mu, Gondi_Ma (S), Gondi_S nāh-, Gondi_MA nāʔ-, Gondi_Ko nā/h/- to make wet

Number in DED : 3630

Number in CVOTGD : 1960

North Dravidian etymology :

Proto-North-Dravidian : *nānj-

Meaning : cold season

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Malto : nān_ye

Number in DED : 3630

Eskimo etymology :

Proto-Eskimo: *nǝŋɫi-, *-ŋl-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: cold, cool

Russian meaning: холодный, прохладный

Proto-Yupik: *nǝŋɫi (-aʁ-), *nǝŋlǝ-

Proto-Inupik: *nǝɣli-, *nǝɣla-

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 228

Yupik etymology :

Proto-Yupik: *nǝŋɫi (-aʁ-), *nǝŋlǝ-

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: frost, cold 1, to be cold 2, to cool off, to feel cold (person) 3

Russian Meaning: мороз, холод 1, холодный 2, замерзать, чувствовать холод (о человеке) 3

Sirenik: //nǝŋcǝpa-ɫǝɣǝt(ǝ)- 'not have cooling down yet' [Rub.]

Chaplino: nǝŋlǝ́kǝq (χǝt) 1, nǝŋlīquq 2, naŋɫáʁnatun adv. 2, naŋɫáχtaquq 3, naŋɫáχsiʁáqā 'to chill'

Naukan: nǝnɫí 1, nǝnɫítuqáq 2

Alutiiq Alaskan Yupik: nǝŋɫiq 'cold weather'

Chugach (AAY): nǝŋɫinaʁ- 2

Central Alaskan Yupik: nǝŋla (nǝŋlǝ-) 1, nǝŋɫa 'coolness cool breeze', nǝŋɫi(u)ʁ- 2 (weather), nǝŋɫi- 'cooled down (food)', naŋɫaʁ- 3

Nunivak (Peripheral): niŋlinaχ* 1, //'spring of cool water', nǝŋɫǝʁ- 2 (liquid), nǝŋɫaʁ- 'cooled down (food)', ? nǝŋtǝ- 3

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 228

Inupik etymology :

Proto-Inupik: *nǝɣli-, *nǝɣla-

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: to cool off 1, cold, cool 2

Russian meaning: остывать 1, холодный, прохладный 2

Seward Peninsula Inupik: niɣli- 1, niɣlina(q)- 2

SPI Dialects: Imaq niʁlínaqtoq* 1

North Alaskan Inupik: nɨɣli-, nɨɣlaq- 1, nɨɣĺińaq- 2

NAI Dialects: B niɣʎaqtoq* 2, Ingl niɣʎinaqtoq* 2

Western Canadian Inupik: niɣlaq 'coolness', niɣlaq- 1, niɣlinaq- 2

WCI Dialects: Cor, M niɣʎaqtoq* 2, Net niɣliqtuq 2 (water) [Ras.]

Eastern Canadian Inupik: nilli- 1, nilla(q)- 'to become colder', nillasuk- 'to have become colder (house)'

ECI Dialects: NBI niɣlasuk- 2, Iti nilluti- 'to become colder'

Greenlandic Inupik: nigdlarpoq* 2 [Jen.], niɫɫiq 'coldness', niɫɫiʁ- 2 (to touch), niɫɫuʁ- 'to have become cold', niɫɫaʁ- 'to have cooled down (person)'

GRI Dialects: NG niɣlaq- 'to cool down (air in evening)'

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 228

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