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Germanic etymology :

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Proto-Germanic: *xalēn
Meaning: tail
IE etymology: IE etymology
Old Norse: hali m. `Schwanz; Schaftspitze'
Norwegian: hale
Danish: hale
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-dan,

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Indo-European etymology :

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Proto-IE: *kal-, *k'al-/-e-
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Meaning: pointed stick
Old Indian: śalá- m. `staff; dart, spear', śalya- m., n. `dart, lance, spear, pike, arrow'; śará- m. `a sort of reed or grass; arrow, shaft'
Armenian: saɫart `branch with leaves; long hair'
Old Greek: pl. kē̂la n. `Pfeile, Geschosse (der Götter)'
Baltic: *kel-ja-n n.
Germanic: *xal-an- m.
Celtic: MIr cail `Speer', celtair `Speer(-Spitze)'
Russ. meaning: острая палка
References: WP I 431 f
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-arm,piet-greek,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,

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Baltic etymology :

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Proto-Baltic: *kel-ja- n.
Meaning: spear
Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology
Old Prussian: kelian `Speer' V. 422
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-oprus,

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Pokorny's dictionary :

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Number: 889
Root: k̂el-3
English meaning: a thin shaft, stalk
German meaning: `dünner Schaft, Pfeil, steifer Halm'
Material: Ai. śalá- m. `Stock, Stachel des Stachelschweins', śalala- n., śalalī `Stachel des Stachelschweins', śalyá- m. n. `Pfeilspitze, Speerspitze, Dorn, Stachel', śályaká- m. `Stachelschwein'; dial. Nebenform ablaut. śila- m. `Ähre' = lit. šìlas `Heide'; dazu śará- `Rohr, Pfeil', śáru- `Pfeil, Speer';

    unsicher arm. saɫart` `belaubter Zweig, langes Haar';

    gr. κη̃λον `Pfeil, Geschoß';

    mir. cail `Speer', celtair f. `Speer(spitze)';

    anord. hali m. `Spitze eines Schaftes, Schwanz';

    apr. kelian `Speer' mit westidg. k für ; lit. šìlas `Heide' (nach den starren Stengeln).

References: WP. I 431 f., WH. I 304.
Pages: 552-553
PIE database: PIE database
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,

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Nostratic etymology :

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Eurasiatic: *Ḳila
Meaning: hair, stalk
Borean: Borean
Indo-European: *k'elʌ- (cf. also 559)
Altaic: *k`ĭ́la (but cf. also *k`ílo 'stalk, stem' 1030)
Uralic: *kalke
Dravidian: *kel- (cf. also PND *qol- 'tail')
References: МССНЯ 334, ОСНЯ 1, 351-352; ND 1026 *Ḳe/ila 'stalk, a hair'; 1052 *ḲalyV 'hair, eyebrow' (Ur. + incorr. Turk.).
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-drav,nostret-reference,

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Altaic etymology :

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Proto-Altaic: *k`íla
Nostratic: Nostratic
Meaning: hair
Russian meaning: волос
Turkic: *Kɨl(k)
Mongolian: *kilga-su
Tungus-Manchu: *xiń-ŋa- ( < *xil-ŋa-)
Korean: *kār(h)-
Japanese: *kái
Comments: KW 231, Владимирцов 172, Poppe 19, ОСНЯ 1, 352, JOAL 71, 72, Street 1985, 640, АПиПЯЯ 29, 75, 87, 276, Дыбо 4, Мудрак Дисс. 69, Лексика 197. Borrowing in Mong. < Turk. is quite improbable, despite Щербак 1997, 137. Doerfer (TMN 3, 575) expresses doubts ("...wohl nicht angeht"). Jpn. *ká- reflects *k`il(a)-gV (cf. the Turkic and Mong. forms).
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,

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Turkic etymology :

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Proto-Turkic: *Kɨl(k)
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: hair
Russian meaning: волос
Old Turkic: qɨl (OUygh.)
Karakhanid: qɨl (MK, KB)
Turkish: kɨl
Tatar: qɨl
Middle Turkic: qɨl (IM)
Uzbek: qil
Uighur: qil
Sary-Yughur: qɨl
Azerbaidzhan: Gɨl
Turkmen: Gɨl
Khakassian: xɨl
Shor: qɨl (R.)
Oyrat: qɨl
Halaj: qɨl
Chuvash: xǝlǝx
Yakut: kɨl
Dolgan: kɨl 'sealine'
Tuva: xɨl
Tofalar: xɨl
Kirghiz: qɨl
Kazakh: qɨl
Noghai: qɨl
Bashkir: qɨl
Balkar: qɨl
Gagauz: qɨl
Karaim: qɨl
Karakalpak: qɨl
Kumyk: qɨl
Comments: VEWT 262, TMN 3, 574-5, EDT 614, Лексика 196, ЭСТЯ 6, 204-205, Stachowski 168.
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-khal,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,

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Mongolian etymology :

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Proto-Mongolian: *kilga-su
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: horse's hair, tail hair
Russian meaning: лошадиный волос, волос хвоста
Written Mongolian: kilɣasu(n) (L 466)
Middle Mongolian: qilɣasu (MA), kilqasun (SH)
Khalkha: x́algas
Buriat: xilgāha(n)
Kalmuck: kilɣǝsṇ, kilǝɣsṇ
Ordos: kilGasu(n)
Dagur: kilgās, kirgās (Тод. Даг. 150)
Monguor: ćirGāʒǝ
Mogol: qilɣasun
Comments: KW 231, MGCD 352. Mong. > Evk. kilgāsun, see Doerfer MT 126.
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dag,monget-mgr,monget-mogh,monget-reference,

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Tungus etymology :

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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *xiń-ŋa-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: hair, fur
Russian meaning: волос, пух, шерсть
Evenki: inŋakta
Even: ịnŋъ̣t
Negidal: ênńakta
Literary Manchu: iŋGaχa
Ulcha: sịńakta
Orok: sịnaqta
Nanai: sịŋaqta
Oroch: iŋaqta
Udighe: iŋakta
Solon: iŋakta
Comments: ТМС 1, 317.
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-man,tunget-ulc,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-ude,tunget-sol,tunget-reference,

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Korean etymology :

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Proto-Korean: *kār(h)-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: 1 hair 2 horse's mane
Russian meaning: 1 волос 2 лошадиная грива
Modern Korean: mǝri-kharak, mǝri-khal 1, kālgi 2
Middle Korean: kārki 2
Comments: Liu 28, HMCH 308, KED 43, 608.
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,

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Japanese etymology :

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Proto-Japanese: *kái
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: hair
Russian meaning: волос
Old Japanese: ke
Middle Japanese: ké
Tokyo: kè
Kyoto: kē̂
Kagoshima: ké
Nase: kɨ́
Shuri: kī́
Hateruma: kī̀
Yonakuni: kī́
Comments: JLTT 447.
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-nas,japet-shu,japet-hat,japet-yon,japet-comments,

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Uralic etymology :

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Number: 1280
Proto: *kalke
> Nostratic: > Nostratic
English meaning: hair; haulm
German meaning: Haar; Halm, Achel
Finnish: kalki (gen. kaljeri) 'strä, härsträ; Halm, Haar'
Saam (Lapp): guol'gâ -lg- (N) 'hair (but not the hair on the head of human beings; coat, covering of hair', L kuolka 'Haar (doch nicht Kopfhaar des Menschen)', (T. I. Itk., WbKKlp. 171) Ko. S kŭŏл̄ḠA 'altes Haar (z.B. beim Rentier)'
Mordovian: kalgo (E), kalga (M) 'Achel, Schabe (vom Flachs od. Hanf)'
References: Genetz: Suomi 1897/3/13:22; Setälä: JSFOu. 14/3:34; Paasonen, MordChr. 72; Wichmann: FUF 11:216; T. I. Itkonen: JSFOu. 32/3:14, 101, 104, 115; Sauvageot, Rech. 91; Räsänen: Vir. 1947:167; Toivonen: Vir. 1949: 56; FUV; SKES.
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-saa,uralet-mrd,uralet-lit,

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Dravidian etymology :

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Proto-Dravidian : *kel-
Meaning : feather
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Proto-Gondi-Kui : *kel-
Proto-North Dravidian : *kal-gā
Notes : NDR *k- instead of *q- due to assimilation with the inlaut velar. However, the irregularity in vocalism is obscure.
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-gnd,dravet-ndr,dravet-notes,

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Gondwan etymology :

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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *kel-
Meaning : hair, feather
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Proto-Gondi : *kel
Konda : kelu (pl. kelku)
Proto-Pengo-Manda : *kel
Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *kel-u
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-gon,gndet-kon,gndet-pem,gndet-kui,

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Gondi etymology :

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Proto-Gondi : *kel
Meaning : hair, feather
Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology
Betul Gondi : kel (pl. -k)
Additional forms : Many dialects have kel
Number in DED : 1973
Number in CVOTGD : 847
gonet-meaning,gonet-prnum,gonet-gondi_tr,gonet-addition,gonet-dednum,gonet-voc_num,

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Konda etymology :

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Konda : kelu (pl. kelku)
Meaning: feather
Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology
Number in DED : 1973
konet-meaning,konet-prnum,konet-dednum,

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Pengo-Manda etymology :

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Proto-Pengo-Manda : *kel
Meaning : feather
Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology
Pengo : kel (pl. -ku)
Number in DED : 1973
pemet-meaning,pemet-prnum,pemet-pengo,pemet-dednum,

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Kui-Kuwi etymology :

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Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *kel-u
Meaning : feather
Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology
Kui : kelu (pl. kelka), keḍu (pl. keṭka) "large feather"
Kuwi (Fitzgerald) : kellū (pl. kelka)
Sunkarametta Kuwi : kelu (pl. kelka) "(large) feather"
Parja Kuwi : kelu (pl. kelka) "(large) feather"
Number in DED : 1973
kuiet-meaning,kuiet-prnum,kuiet-kui,kuiet-kuwi_f,kuiet-kuwi_su,kuiet-kuwi_p,kuiet-dednum,

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North Dravidian etymology :

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Proto-North-Dravidian : *kal-gā
Meaning : plumes
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Kurukh : kalgā
Number in DED : 1973
ndret-meaning,ndret-prnum,ndret-kur,ndret-dednum,

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Long-range etymologies :

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Borean (approx.) : KVLV
Meaning : hair, beard
Eurasiatic : *Ḳila
Afroasiatic : *ḳul- (?) [?+Berb. *ḳVl- / *lVḳ- 'tail']
Sino-Caucasian : *[ḳ]alƛ̣wV
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,

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Afroasiatic etymology :

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Sino-Caucasian etymology :

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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *[g]alƛ̣wV
Meaning: chin; beard
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
North Caucasian: *ḳalŁ_wV̄ (~-ƛ̣_w-)
Yenisseian: *kuĺe(P)
Comments and references : Lack of *-ʔ- in PY appears to contradict tenseness in PNC.
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-yen,sccet-notes,

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North Caucasian etymology :

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Proto-North Caucasian: *ḳalŁ_wV̄ (~-ƛ̣_w-)
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: cheek; chin
Proto-Avaro-Andian: *ḳarƛ̣:ʷV (~-o-)
Proto-Lezghian: *ƛ̣:alƛ̣:am
Notes: An Aand.-Lezg. isogloss. The PL form has a suffixed *-m and is assimilated from *ḳalƛ̣:a-m.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-aand,caucet-lezg,caucet-comment,

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Avar-Andian etymology :

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Protoform: *ḳarƛ̣:ʷV (~-o-)
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: cheek
Avar: ḳarƛ̣:én
Akhvakh: ḳãƛ̣:u
Karata: ḳorƛ̣:o
Comments: Av. paradigm B (ḳarƛ̣:á-dul, ḳarƛ̣:á-bi). Cf. also Kar. Anch. ḳoƛ̣:o.
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-akv,aandet-krt,aandet-comment,

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Lezghian etymology :

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Proto-Lezghian: *ƛ̣:alƛ̣:am
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: 1 chin 2 beak
Tabasaran: k:amk:am 1
Agul: k:alk:am 2
Comment: The Ag. word is from the Bursh. dialect. Cf. also Tab. lit. k:alk:am 'chin' (the "reduplicated" Kand. form is secondary), Ag. Fit. k:alk:am, Burk. k:amk:am id.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-comment,

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Yenisseian etymology :

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Proto-Yenisseian: *kuĺe(P)
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: beard
Ket: kūĺe1, pl. kūĺeŋ1; S. kūĺ, pl. kūĺǝŋ1
Yug: kūĺ, pl. kūĺǝŋ1
Kottish: hulup, *halūp, pl. hulūpaŋ, halupaŋ, (Бол.) gulub; Ass. xulūp (М, Сл, Кл), xlup (Кл), xulup (Срсл).
Arin: korólep (М, Сл, Кл, Срсл), korürub (Лоск)
Pumpokol: xlépuk (Сл, Срсл, Кл)
Comments: ССЕ 241. Cf. also Ket kuĺ-tu6, юг. kūĺ-čo:ŋ3 'bearded'. Werner 1, 459 <*kuʎǝ>.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-kot,yenet-ari,yenet-pum,yenet-notes,

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