Germanic etymology : List with all references

Proto-Germanic: *tiran-, *turnan-, *tirōn- vb., *turn= ?

Meaning: tear (apart)

Gothic: *dis-tɛran st. `tear apart', ga-tɛran `tear down, remove'; *af-tɔrnan wk. `tear off (intr.)'; *ga-tarnjan wk. `rob, take away'

Old English: teran st. `zerreissen'

English: tear

Old Frisian: ūr-tera `verteren, verwoesten'

Old Saxon: terian `opmaken, verbruiken', far-terian `verzehren, verbrauchen'

Middle Dutch: tēren `rukken, verteren, teren'; ont-tornen

Dutch: teren; tornen, tarnen `sich auftrennen', { toorn m. `Spaltung, Scheidung' }

Old Franconian: fer-terron `perdere'

Middle Low German: teren `verzehren, verbrauchen',

Old High German: zeran, far-zeran st. `zerreissen, zerstören', zerren 'zerreissen, zerstören, einen Kampf zu Ende bringen' (9.Jh.)

Middle High German: zɛrn, zɛren wk. `für die Ernährung Aufwand treiben, leben'; zer-zërn st. 'zerreissen', zɛrren, md. zɛrren, zarren wk. '(zer)reissen, vertreiben, zerspalten, sich zerteilen, sich öffnen, einen Riss machen'

German: zehren, zerren

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *derǝ-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to tear, to tear apart

Tokharian: A, B tsär- 'to be separated, apart; separate' (Adams 736), B tsrerme 'ditch' (744)

Old Indian: dr̥ṇāti, dárṣi, adar, dart, pf. dadāra, ptc. dīrṇa-, caus. dārayati, darayati `to burst, break asunder, split open'; dŕ̥ti- m. `skin of leather, leather bag for holding water and other fluids', darmá-, darmán- m. `demolisher'; darīman- `destruction', dāraka- `breaking, tearing'

Avestan: darǝdar- `spalten'; inf. dǝrǝnąm, iter. dāraya-, ptc. dǝrǝta-

Armenian: terrem `häute ab, schinde, mache schwielig'

Old Greek: dérō, déi̯rō, aor. dẹ̄̂rai̯, pass. edárēn, édarthēn, pf. m.-p. dédarmai̯, va. drató-, dartó- `abhäuten, schinden'; doró-s m. `lederner Schlauch, Sack'; Schlauch', dérri-s f. `Haut', insbes. als term. techn. für die zu Schirmen und Vorhängen bei Belagerungsarbeiten verwendeten Fell; dársi-s (Gal.) `das Abhäuten'; dértro-n n. `Netzhaut, Darmfell'; déros n. `Fell', déras n., dérma n., dorǟ́ f. `(abgezogene) Haut, Fell, Leder', delph. darma `id.'; dártǟ-s m. `Schinder' (Gloss.)

Slavic: *dьrā́tī, *dèrǭ; *dértī, *dь̀rǭ; *dьrtь; *dьrnъ, *dьrno; *dorъ

Baltic: *dir̃- (*der-a-), *dar-a- c., -ā̂ f., *dī̃r-ā̂- vb.

Germanic: *tir-a- vb., *tur-n-a- vb., *tir-ō- vb., ? *tur-n=

Celtic: Corn darn `Stück, Teil', Bret darn `Stück, Teil'

Russ. meaning: обдирать, раздирать

References: WP I 797 f

Comments: 2 roots? (seṭ and anit)

Vasmer's dictionary :

Word: деру́,

Near etymology: драть I., укр. деру́, де́рти, ст.-слав. дерѫ, дьрати (Супр.), болг. дера́ "сдираю (шкуру)", сербохорв. де̏рем, дриjѐти, словен. dérem, drė́ti, чеш. dru, dříti "сдирать, облупливать", deru, dráti "драть, грабить", польск. drę, drzeć, в.-луж. dru, drjeć, н.-луж. dreju, dreś. К дёрн, дор, дёргать.

Further etymology: Родственно лит. dìrti "сдирать", лтш. dìrât, dîrât "сдирать, обдирать", nuõdaras мн. "отходы лыка", др.-инд. dr̥ṇā́ti "лопается, трескается, раскалывается", авест. dar- "колоть", греч. δέρω, аор. ἐδάρην "сдирать", кимр. darn "кусок, часть", гот. distairan "разрывать", д.-в.-н. zëran "разрушать", алб. djerr "уничтожаю, теряю"; см. Бернекер 1, 185 и сл.; Г. Майер, Alb. Wb. 70; Перссон 755; Траутман, BSW 52; М. -- Э. 1, 478.

Pages: 1,504-505

Baltic etymology :

Proto-Baltic: *dir̃- (*der-a-), *dar-a- c., -ā̂ f., *dī̃r-ā̂- vb.

Meaning: tear

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Lithuanian: dir̃ti (dẽra/dìria, dī̃rē), dìrti (dìria, dī́rē) '(zer)reissen, prügeln, schinden, Haut abziehen'; núodara-s 'Abfälle von Bast, usw.', nuodara 'dass.'

Lettish: dìrât, dìr̨at (-āju) 'abhäuten, schinden'

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *tVxrV

Meaning: to tear, break

Indo-European: *der(ǝ)-

Uralic: ? *tarV, *tarkV 'piece, crumb'

Kartvelian: *(ś)txar-/(ś)txr

Dravidian: SDR *ter_-i- 'to cut off' (2875) [if not to *ṭVr(w)V]? + Gnd *tāṛ- 'to dig up, scratch up'

References: МССНЯ 360; ND 2289 *terV 'to tear, burst' (w/o Kartv.; + Arab.); 2300 *tAŕqV 'to make an incision, dig' (Kartv. + Gnd. + part of IE + Arab.).

Uralic etymology :

Number: 1041

Proto: *tarkV (*torkV)

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: thing; piece

German meaning: Sache, Ding; Stück

Udmurt (Votyak): ńań-turiǯ́ 'Eckstück des Brotes, Britranft' ?

Komi (Zyrian): tor (S P), to̯r (SO) 'Gegenstand, Sache, Ding; Teil, Stück' ( > ? Mansi KM P So. tūr 'Gegenstand, Sache, Ding') ?

Mansi (Vogul): tāwri '(Brot)krümchen', pors-tāwri 'Stäubchen' (LO), tawrāt- (TJ) 'zerbröckeln (z. B. Brot), tāwritaχt- (LO) 'sich zerbröckeln' ( > Khanty tawrĭ 'Lumpen, Fetzen) ?

Kartvelian etymology :

Proto-Kartvelian: *(ś)txar-/(ś)txr

Nostratic: Nostratic

Russian meaning: pыть, копать

English meaning: to dig, excavate

Georgian: txar/txr

Megrel: (n)txo(r)

Svan: štxar/štxr

Laz: (n)txo(r)

Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 176, EWK 171-172 (*txar- / *txr-). Иллич-Свитыч в МССHЯ 360 сравнивает с ПИЕ *derǝ- 'рвать, лопаться'.

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *ter_-V-

Meaning : to cut, severe

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *ter_-i-

Proto-Telugu : *tre-

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *ter_-i-

Meaning : to cut off

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : ter_i (-pp-, -tt-)

Tamil meaning : to burst asunder, snap in twain as a rope, split; break (tr.), cut

Malayalam : ter_ikka

Malayalam meaning : to cut off

Kannada : tir_i

Kannada meaning : to cut, cut off; n. cutting

Number in DED : 3437

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *tre-

Meaning : to be cut, divided, or severed, snap (as a rope), be breached (as a dike)

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : tregu

Dialectal forms (1) : tegu

Dialectal forms (2) : treyyu

Additional forms : Also trevvu to be cut, (K also) be snapped (as a rope); [1] trencu, [2] tencu to snap, break, tear, cut, divide, sever (as a thread or string, etc.); [1] trempu, [2] tempu id.; n. state of being cut, divided, etc., discontinuity, pause

Number in DED : 3437