Germanic etymology : List with all references

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Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *ɵa[f]i-z, *ɵa[f]jan- vb., *ɵa[f]jōn, *ɵi[f]ōn-

Meaning: smell

Old Norse: ɵef-r m. `Geruch, Ducht', Far tev n.; ɵefa wk. `riechen, duften, wittern', ɵefja `riechen (intr.)'; ɵefja f. `Geruch'

Norwegian: tev m. `Geruch'; dial. teva `vor Hitze und Anstrengung keuchen'; tevja vb.

Old Swedish: MSw thäfia vb.

Swedish: dial. täv `Gestank'

Danish: dial. töv `Geruch, Geschmäck'

Old English: ɵefian `keuchen'

germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-oswed,germet-swed,germet-dan,germet-oengl,

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Indo-European etymology :

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Proto-IE: *tep-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to warm

Hittite: tapassa- c. 'Fieber, Hitze', tapassija- (I) 'erhitzen', tapasuwant- 'fieberschwanger' (Friedrich 211; < IIr.?)

Old Indian: tápati `to give out heat, be hot; to make hot or warm', ptc. taptá-; tápas- n. `warmth, heat'; tápu- `burning hot'

Avestan: tāpaiti `is warm', ptc. tapta-; tafnu- m. `Fieberhitze, Fieber', tafnah- n. `Hitze, Glut; Fieber'

Other Iranian: NPers tāftan `brennen, wärmen, leuchten'

Slavic: *teplъ, *toplъ; *topī́tī

Germanic: *ɵa[f]-i- c., *ɵa[f]-ja- vb., *ɵa[f]-jōn- f., *ɵi[f]-ō- vb.

Latin: tepēre, -uī `warm, mild sein', tepidus, -a `warm, -lau', tepor, -ōris m. `milde Wärme'

Celtic: *tepent-; *tepnet-; *tepstu-; *tepesmjā; *tepesmo- > OIr tē, pl. tēit `heiss'; tess `Hitze', MIr ten, tene, gen. -ed `Feuer'; timme `Hitze', Ir time `Wärme, Furcht'; Cymr tan `Feuer'; tes `Hitze'; twym `Hitze', OCorn toim `heiss', Corn tan 'Feuer'; tanet (in Zs.) `Feuer'; tes `Hitze', MBret toem `heiss', Bret tan 'Feuer'; tanet (in Zs.) `Feuer'; tez `Hitze'; tomm `heiss'

Russ. meaning: греть, испускать тепло

References: WP I 718 f

piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-iran,piet-slav,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,

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Vasmer's dictionary :

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Word: тёплый,

Near etymology: тёпл, тепла́, тепло́, укр. те́плий, блр. цёплы, др.-русск. теплъ, ст.-слав. теплость θερμότης (Супр.), топлъ θερμός (Супр.), болг. то́пъл (Младенов 636), сербохорв. то̏пао, то̏пла, то̏пло, словен. tópǝɫ, tópla, чеш., слвц. teplý, польск. сiерɫу, в.-луж. с́орɫу, н.-луж. śорɫу.

Further etymology: Праслав. *tерlъ древнее, чем *tорlъ; последнее получило -о- из *topiti (см. топи́ть), см. Мейе, Ét. 413. Родственно др.-прусск. местн. н. Тарреlаukеn = Warmfelt (Траутман, AfslPh 34, 593; ВSW 319), др.-инд. tápati, táруаti "нагревает(ся)", taptás "раскаленный, горячий", taptám ср. р. "жар", авест. tāрауеiti "нагревает", tafta- "вспыльчивый", нов.-перс. tāftan "гореть, греть, светить", лат. tереō, -ērе "быть теплым", tepidus "теплый", Терulа aqua -- название водопровода в Риме, ирл. tеn "огонь" (*tерnоs; см. Стокс 125), té "горячий" (*tереnt-), алб. f-toh "охлаждаю", тохар. В tsatsāpau "нагретый"; см. Траутман, ВSW 319; Педерсен, Kelt. Gr. 1, 92 и сл.; Уленбек, Aind. Wb. 108; Мейе, там же; Мейе -- Вайан 22; Вальде -- Гофм.. 2, 667.

Pages: 4,44

vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-pages,

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Pokorny's dictionary :

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Number: 1995

Root: tep-

English meaning: warm

German meaning: `warm sein'

Derivatives: Partiz. Präs. tepent-s; tepos- n. `Hitze'

Material: Ai. tápati `erwärmt, brennt' (auch `kasteit sich, übt Buße'), Partiz. taptá- `erwärmt, erhitzt', tápas- n. `Hitze, Glut', tápu- `glühend, heiß', Kaus. tāpáyati `erwärmt, erhitzt'; av. tāpaiti `ist warm', Kaus. tāpayeiti `erwärmt, erhitzt', Inchoh. tafsaiti (*tepǝsk̂eti) `wird heiß', Partiz. tapta- `erwärmt, heiß', tafnu- m. `Fieberhitze, Fieber', tafnah- n. `Hitze, Glut; Fieber'; np. tāftan `brennen, wärmen, leuchten';

alb. tosk. ftoh, geg. ftof `mache kalt, lösche aus, verletze mit Worten' (*vëtēp-sk̂ō `entwärme');

lat. tepeō -ēre `lauwarm sein', tepidus `warm', tepor `Wärme'; vermutlich osk. tefúrúm `eine Art (Brand-) Opfer' (*teps-ro-); umbr. Abl. Sg. mit Postpos. tefru-to, Akk. Pl. umbr. tefra `carnes cremandas';

air. tē `heiß', Pl. tēit (*tepent- = ai. Partiz. tapant-); ten und tene, Gen. -ed `Feuer' (*tepnet-), cymr. corn. bret. tan ds., corn. bret. tana `anzünden'; air. tess, cymr. corn. tes, bret. tez `Hitze' (*teps-tu-, zum es-St. lat. tepor, ai. tapas-); mir. timme `Hitze, Furcht'(*teps-mi̯ā); cymr. twym `Hitze', acorn. toim `heiß', mbret. toem, nbret. tomm `heiß' (*tepesmo-);

norw. teva `vor Hitze keuchen', ags. ðefian `keuchen', aisl. þefr m. Geruch, Geschmack', þefa `riechen' trans., þefja `riechen' intr.; (Grundvorstellung des warmen Dampfes von Speisen);

aksl. *teplъ (in teplostь `θερμότης'), čech. teplý, russ. tëplyj und (mit о nach topiti) aksl. toplъ `warm'; Kaus. serb. tòpiti `schmelzen', russ. topítь `heizen; zerlassen'; pr. ON Taplawken eig. `Warmfeld';

hitt. tapašša- `Fieber, Hitze' (ai. Lw.?).

References: WP. I 718 f., WH. II 667 f., Trautmann 319, Vasmer 3, 111, Mayrhofer 1, 477, 569.

Pages: 1069-1070

PIE database: PIE database

pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-derivative,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,

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Nostratic etymology :

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Eurasiatic: *ṭ[ä]pV

Meaning: warm

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *tep- (Pok. 1069-1070)

Altaic: *t`ebV / *t`ep`V

Kartvelian: *ṭep- / ṭp-

References: МССНЯ 338; ND 2399 *ṭepV 'to warm, be warm'.

nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-kart,nostret-reference,

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Altaic etymology :

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Proto-Altaic: *t`ep`V

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: warm, to burn

Russian meaning: теплый, жечь

Turkic: *tẹpi-

Tungus-Manchu: *tepe-

Korean: *tǝ̀b-

Comments: The parallel seems reliable, although voicing in Korean is not clear (note a similar case in *t`i̯óp`a).

altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-reference,

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Turkic etymology :

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Proto-Turkic: *tẹpi-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to dry, become dry 2 to suffer from heat

Russian meaning: 1 сохнуть 2 страдать от жары

Azerbaidzhan: täpi- 1

Turkmen: tebi- 1

Chuvash: tip- 1, 2

Comments: Räsänen (VEWT 253) and Федотов (2, 233) think that the Chuv. form reflects PT *kep-, but this is impossible for phonetic reasons.

turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-chv,turcet-reference,

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Tungus etymology :

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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *tepe-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to catch fire, to burn 2 to burn through

Russian meaning: 1 разгораться, пылать 2 сгорать, прогорать

Spoken Manchu: tiavǝ- 1

Literary Manchu: tefe- 2

Nanai: tepe- 1

Comments: ТМС 2, 238.

tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-sib,tunget-man,tunget-nan,tunget-reference,

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Korean etymology :

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Proto-Korean: *tǝ̀b-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: be warm

Russian meaning: быть теплым

Modern Korean: tǝ̄p- (-w-)

Middle Korean: tǝ̄p- (tǝ̀w-)

Comments: Nam 153, KED 451.

koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,

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Kartvelian etymology :

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Proto-Kartvelian: *ṭep- / ṭp-

Nostratic: Nostratic

Russian meaning: греть(ся)

English meaning: to warm, keep warm

Georgian: tb-, Old Georg. ṭp-, ṭep-

Megrel: ṭǝb-, ṭib-

Svan: ṭeb-id-, ṭb-id-

Laz: ṭub-, ṭib-

Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 179-180, EWK 326. Ср. ПИЕ *tep- 'греть(ся)', алт. *t`epV 'греть, жечь' (МССHЯ 338). Вопреки [Климов 1994, 139-143] исключительно трудно представить данный корень как заимствование из ПИЕ.

kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-meg,kartet-sva,kartet-laz,kartet-notes,

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Long-range etymologies :

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Borean (approx.) : TVPV

Meaning : warm

Eurasiatic : *ṭ[ä]pV

Afroasiatic : *dVfVʔ-

Sino-Caucasian : ST *tǝ̆p (/*tǝ̆m ?) 'fireplace'

Austric : PAA *tVp 'burn, hot' (Peiros 1989)

Reference : МССНЯ 338; ND 2399.

globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-austr,globet-reference,

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Afroasiatic etymology :

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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *dVfVʔ- (?)

Meaning: sweat, perspire; heat

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Semitic: *di/ap(a)ʔ- 'heat' 1,'be warm' 2

Berber: *dVf- 'warmth'

Western Chadic: *HV-daf- or *daHaf- 'sweat, heat'

Central Chadic: *ngu-da/uHVf- 'sweat' 1, 'warm' 2

Beḍauye (Beja): duf 'sweat'

Central Cushitic (Agaw): *dif- 'sweat'

High East Cushitic: *daf(f)- 'sweat' 1, 'perspire' 2

Mogogodo (Yaaku): tūpo 'hot' <*dup-

Omotic: *duf- 'sweat'

Notes: *-f- in the reconstructed Afras form relies on WCh (Ngz) -f- only. Cf. WCh *daf- 'cook' (v.): Hs dafa. Borrowing from Arb in other Afrasian is possible.

afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-sem,afaset-brb,afaset-wch,afaset-cch,afaset-bed,afaset-agw,afaset-hec,afaset-mgg,afaset-omo,afaset-notes,

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Semitic etymology :

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Number: 151

Proto-Semitic: *di/ap(a)ʔ-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'heat' 1,'be warm' 2

Arabic: difʔ-, dafāʔ- 1, dfʔ [-a-, -u-]

semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-ara,

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Berber etymology :

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Proto-Berber: *dVf-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'warmth'

Aksimen: ddfa

brbet-prnum,brbet-meaning,brbet-aks,

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West Chadic etymology :

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Proto-WChadic: *HV-daf-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'sweat, heat'

Ngizim: ḍaàfáu [ShN]

wchet-prnum,wchet-meaning,wchet-ngz,

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Central Chadic etymology :

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Proto-CChadic: *daf-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'warm'

Kusseri: ndáfu [Lk: 145]

Notes: cp. Musgu dafū 'hot' [KLMsg: 48] . According to Lukas is derived from afu id. [LMsg: 42]. Note afu id. in closely related Munjuk language [TMnj].

cchet-prnum,cchet-meaning,cchet-kus,cchet-notes,

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Bedauye (Beja) etymology :

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Bedauye: duf

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'sweat'

bedet-prnum,bedet-meaning,

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Central Cushitic (Agaw) etymology :

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Proto-Agaw: *dif-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'sweat'

Bilin: dif

agwet-prnum,agwet-meaning,agwet-bil,

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High East Cushitic etymology :

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Proto-High East Cushitic: *daff-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'sweat' 1, 'perspire' 2

Darasa (Gedeo): daffa 1, daff- 2

hecet-prnum,hecet-meaning,hecet-dar,

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Omotic etymology :

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Proto-Omotic: *duf-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'sweat'

Hamer: du(u)f

Notes: -u- < *a before a labial

omoet-prnum,omoet-meaning,omoet-hmr,omoet-notes,

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