Baltic etymology :

Proto-Baltic: *twin̂- vb. intr., *twen-ā̂- vb., *twan-ō̂- vb., *twan-ē̂- (*twan-a-) vb., *twan-a- (1) c., -ā̂ f., *twan-u- adj.

Meaning: overflow, raise dust

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Lithuanian: tvìnti (tvį́sta, tvìnō) `anschwellen (vom Fluss), höher steigen (vom Wasserstand); überschwemmen, -fliessen, -strömen; über das Ufer treten', dial. tvenōti 'dunstig werden, ersticken'; tvãna-s (pl. tvãnai/tvanaĩ) `Ergiessung, Überschwemmung, Hochwasser', tvanù- `was sich ergiesst, flutend, angeschwollen'

Lettish: tvanuôt 'dunsten, Kohlendunst erzeugen'; tvanêt (-u/-ẽju, -ẽju) 'dunstig, zu Dunst werden, ersticken'; tvans, tvana `Dampf, Dunst'

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *twen-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to rise (water, waves)

Baltic: *twin̂- vb. intr., *twen-ā̂- vb., *twan-ō̂- vb., *twan-ē̂- (*twan-a-) vb., *twan-a- (1) c., -ā̂ f., *twan-u- adj.

Germanic: *ɵūn=, *ɵun=

Celtic: OIr tonn `Welle', Bret tonn `Welle'

Russ. meaning: подниматься (о воде, волнах)

References: WP I 706 f

Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *ɵūn=, *ɵun=

Meaning: rise (about waves)

IE etymology: IE etymology

Old English: ɵūnian `sich erheben'

Middle Low German: dūn(e) `geschwollen, dick, dicht'

Low German: dūnen `schwellen (auch vom Wasser)'; düning, dünnung `Wellen gegen die Windrichtung'

Middle High German: tunne wk. f. 'sturzsee'; { EaHG tünne `Woge' }

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *ṭVŋV

Meaning: wave, lake

Indo-European: *twen-

Altaic: *t`i̯oŋe

Dravidian: *tōnḍ- ?

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *t`i̯oŋe

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: {cavity, hollow}

Russian meaning: {полость, углубление}

Mongolian: *töŋk-

Tungus-Manchu: *tuŋ-

Korean: *taŋh / *tǝŋh

Comments: Doerfer (TMN 3, 207) considers the Kalm. form to be the source of TM, which is hardly plausible. Cf. *t`ḕŋà 'lowland'.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *töŋk-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to hollow out 2 hollow, groove 3 deep valley

Russian meaning: 1 опустошать, выковыривать 2 полость 3 ложбина, впадина

Written Mongolian: töŋki- 1, töŋkilge 2 (L 835)

Khalkha: tönxö-, töngö- 1, tönxlög 2

Buriat: tünxi- 1

Kalmuck: töŋgǝ 3

Ordos: töŋχȫ- 'piquer ou crever à coup de bec'

Comments: KW 407.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *tuŋ-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 lake 2 backwater

Russian meaning: 1 озеро 2 заводь

Evenki: tuŋer 1, tuŋuke 2

Even: töŋēr 1

Negidal: töŋēr 1

Literary Manchu: tuŋgu 'abyss, deep place'

Udighe: toŋi, tuŋi 1

Comments: ТМС 2, 215, 217.

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *taŋh / *tǝŋh

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: hollow, empty

Russian meaning: полый, пустой

Modern Korean: thaŋ, thǝŋ

Comments: KED 1694, 1704.

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *tōnḍ-

Meaning : to bale out, draw (water); to dig

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *tōnḍ-

Proto-Telugu : *tōnḍ-

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *tōnḍ-

Notes : I still can't decide if *tōnṭ- 'garden' belongs here or not (derivative?)

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *tōnḍ-

Meaning : to dig, draw water

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : tōṇṭu (tōṇṭi-)

Tamil meaning : to dig, hollow, excavate, scoop out, bore, draw or fetch water from a well, draw out details of, unload (as a ship)

Tamil derivates : tōṇṭi pot of earth or metal used for drawing water; tōṭṭam garden, orchard, plantation; tōṭṭakkāran_ gardener, husbandman, owner of plantation; toṭu (toṭuv-, toṭṭ-) to dig, scoop out, excavate, pierce through; n. field, garden; tuṭavai garden, cultivated field

Malayalam : tōṇṭuka

Malayalam meaning : to burrow, scoop out, remove (ear-wax), clean out (a well), dig

Malayalam derivates : tōṇṭi small earthen vessel for drawing water; tōṭṭam garden; tōṭṭakkāran gardener; toṭi garden

Kannada : tōḍu

Kannada meaning : to take water out of a large vessel with a small one, bail out water, put rice from one vessel into another one or another place, wind thread from one spool upon another one, remove as ear-wax, etc., dig, excavate a hole, burrow, bury (as an arrow in a victim), penetrate (as the breast)

Kannada derivates : tōṭa, tōṇṭa garden; tōṭagār_a, tōṭiga, tōṇṭiga gardener

Kodagu : tōḍ- (tōḍi-)

Kodagu meaning : to dig (a well)

Kodagu derivates : tōṭa garden

Tulu : tōḍuni

Tulu meaning : to dig, burrow, mine

Tulu derivates : tōḍaŋgelụ scooped, burrowed; tuḍa bored, scooped out; tōṭa garden, orchard, plantation; tōṭige a class of brahmans working in plantations

Proto-Nilgiri : *tōḍ-

Notes : The derivative *tōṭ- 'garden' has to be reconstructed for the PSDR level.

Number in DED : 3549

Nilgiri etymology :

Proto-Nilgiri : *tō[ṇ]ḍ-

Meaning : to dig

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : tōḍ- (tōj-) "to dig a deep hole"

Toda : twɨ̄ṛ- (twɨ̄ṛy-) "to dig with fingers"

Additional forms : Also Kota tōṭm (obl. tōṭt-) fenced field; Toda twɨ̄ṭm (twɨ̄ḍt-) garden; tōṭ = twɨ̄ṭm (in song unit: tōṭɨṣ ɵōr_ man on an estate, i. e. European)

Notes : Kota seems to point to an old nasal cluster, while Toda has an old simple consonant. Complicated situation.

Number in DED : 3549

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *tōnḍ-

Meaning : to draw up, scoop or scoop out, ladle out, dip out

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : tō̃ḍu

Additional forms : Also tō̃ṭa garden, grove, tope; [1] tō̃ṭavā̃ḍu, [2] tō̃ṭī̃ḍu gardener

Number in DED : 3549

Kolami-Gadba etymology :

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *tōnḍ-

Meaning : to draw water

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Parji : ṭō̃ḍ- "(S) to draw water from well"

Salur Gadba : tōnḍ- "to bale out (water)"

Poya Gadba : tōnḍ-

Additional forms : Also Salur tōnṭa garden

Number in DED : 3549

Total pages generated Pages generated by this script 2260037 1878402	Help
StarLing database server Powered by CGI scripts Copyright 1998-2003 by S. Starostin Copyright 1998-2003 by G. Bronnikov Copyright 2005-2014 by Phil Krylov